Ingestion of microplastics by freshwater Tubifex worms

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Ingestion of microplastics by freshwater Tubifex worms Rachel R Hurley, Jamie C Woodward, and James J. Rothwell Environ. Sci. Technol., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03567 • Publication Date (Web): 11 Oct 2017 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on October 13, 2017

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Environmental Science & Technology

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Ingestion of microplastics by freshwater Tubifex

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worms

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Rachel R. Hurley*, Jamie C. Woodward, James J. Rothwell

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Department of Geography, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United

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Kingdom

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ABSTRACT: Microplastic contamination of the aquatic environment is a global issue.

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Microplastics can be ingested by organisms leading to negative physiological impacts. The

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ingestion of microplastics by freshwater invertebrates has not been reported outside the

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laboratory. Here we demonstrate the ingestion of microplastic particles from bottom sediments

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by Tubifex tubifex in a major urban waterbody fed by the River Irwell, Manchester, UK. The host

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sediments had microplastic concentrations ranging from 56 to 2544 particles kg-1. 87% of the

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Tubifex-ingested microplastic particles were microfibres (55 - 4100 µm in length), whilst the

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remaining 13% were microplastic fragments (50 - 4500 µm in length). FT-IR analysis revealed

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ingestion of a range of polymers, including polyethylene terephthalate (polyester) and acrylic

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fibres. Whilst microbeads were present in the host sediment matrix, they were not detected in

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Tubifex worm tissue. The mean concentration of ingested microplastics was 129 ± 65.4 particles

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g-1 tissue. We also show that Tubifex worms retain microplastics longer than other components

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of the ingested sediment matrix. Microplastic ingestion by Tubifex worms poses a significant risk

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for trophic transfer and biomagnification of microplastics up the aquatic food chain.

ACS Paragon Plus Environment

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TEXT:

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Introduction

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Microplastics represent a global environmental problem1. Defined as small ( 0.34). This was the case within and across sites. There was no significant

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correlation between the size (length or mass) of worms and the number or size of microplastics

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ingested (Pearson’s: p > 0.20). This indicates that there is limited selectivity in the ingestion of

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microplastic particles within fragments or fibres.


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No microbeads were identified in the Tubifex worm tissue (302 worms in total). This strongly

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suggests that microbeads are not ingested by Tubifex worms in the Salford Quays. Selective

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feeding by T. tubifex has been reported by Rodriguez et al.33. A size selectivity of sediments 100 µm) are translocated to organs of the tropical fiddler crab

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TOC Art 47x26mm (300 x 300 DPI)



The location of the study site in relation to the UK (A) and River Irwell catchment (B) and the spatial distribution of sampling sites across Salford Quays (C).The basin receives waters from the River Irwell (right) and drains into the Manchester Ship Canal through a series of locks (top left). An aerial photograph of the area is also provided (D), showing the Salford Quays basin in relation to the cities of Manchester (top centre) and Salford (middle left). Aerial photograph by M J Richardson (2010) licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0. 170x152mm (300 x 300 DPI)


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Concentrations of microplastics in the bottom sediments of Salford Quays. These are provided as total concentrations in particles kg-1 (A), in addition to the relative proportions of each density extract (B), microplastic type (C) and polymer composition (D). 260x554mm (300 x 300 DPI)



Density of Tubifex worm populations (A) and concentrations of ingested microplastics (B) in Salford Quays. Concentrations are also broken down by microplastic type (C) and polymer composition (D). *Polymer composition refers to the microplastic ingested by the 75 worms analysed individually 248x532mm (300 x 300 DPI)


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Greyscale version of Figure 2 260x554mm (300 x 300 DPI)



Greyscale version of Figure 3 248x532mm (300 x 300 DPI)


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Ingestion of microplastics by freshwater Tubifex worms

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