Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on January 10, 2018 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: August 5, 1999 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1999-0725.pr001
Preface The clean-up of subsurface contamination is a daunting enterprise, constrained by numerous factors. It is now recognized that the remediation technologies currently in widespread use (e.g., pump and treat, soil venting), cannot solve all subsurface contamination problems. Furthermore, it is clear that the selection, design, implementation, and evaluation of a remediation system cannot be optimized without accurate and sufficient site characterization. This recognition has fueled the development of new, so-called "innovative" remediation and characterization technologies. Many of these innovative technologies are in fact not new at all. For example, surfactantflushinghas a long history of use in the petroleum field. However, its use in the environmentalfieldis more recent and faces unique challenges, hence its "innovative" status. In any event, new technologies continue to be developed, increasing our arsenal of potential tools available for subsurface characterization and remediation. There is, however, an enormous gulf between the development of a technology and its widespread use in the field. Barriers to using innovative technologies are many, including technical-related factors, regulatory obstacles, conservatism on the part of applicators-users, and the lack of reliable performance data. This last factor, "proof of performance", is central to the acceptance and use of any innovative technology. Definitive proof of performance can be obtained only from field tests, conducted under controlled, well-characterized conditions. Interest in the plannning, implementation, and evaluation of such tests has greatly expanded among researchers, applicators, and regulators. This book arises from our interest in this topic, which led us to organize this special symposium, Innovative Subsurface Remediation: Field Testing of Physical, Chemical, and Characterization Technologies. The results of field tests of several innovative remediation technologies are reported herein. The results of the tests are discussed, along with the trials and tribulations associated with the tests. In addition, overviews and examples of innovative subsurface characterization methods are presented, with a focus on tracer-based methods. This information should prove useful to those interested in the remediation and characterization of contaminated soil and groundwater. We thank the authors for their participation in this endeavor; without them there would be no book. We thank the many reviewers who helped improve the content of the chapters. Finally, we thank the staff of the ACS Books Department,
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particularly Thayer Long, Maureen Matkovich, David Orloff, and Anne Wilson, for their critical and timely assistance. M A R K L. BRUSSEAU
Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science and Department of Hydrology and Water Resources University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 D A V I D A. SABATINI
Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on January 10, 2018 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: August 5, 1999 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1999-0725.pr001
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019-0631 JOHN S. GIERKE
Department of Geological Engineering and Sciences Michigan Technical University Houghton, MI 49931-1295 M I C H A E L D. A N N A B L E
Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences Black Hall University University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611
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Brusseau et al.; Innovative Subsurface Remediation ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1999.
