Inorganic Chemistry .
99
silica. The contents of the crucible are then treated with hydrofluoric acid and the silica determined by loss. The filtrate is evaporated with nitric acid to expel the hydrochloric acid, then potassium chlorate is added and the precipitated manganese dioxide is filtered off on asbestos. Then it is dissolved in hydrochloric acid with the addition of a little potassium nitrite. After removal by the basic acetate method, of any iron this solution may contain, the manganese is precipitated by bromine water and weighed as Mn,O,. In the filtrate from the manganese, the chromium is determined by titration with ferrous sulphate and permanganate. For the determination of phosphorvs another j-gram sample is dissolved in hydrochloric acid, and, after the removal of the tungsten and silicon as before, the phosphorus is precipitated as ammonium phosphomolybdate. The author recommends the direct weighing of the “ yellow precipitate.” For the carbon determination a sample of I . j grams is dissolved in the double chloride of copper and potassium. After a half-hour hydrochloric acid is added, and when all the copper has gone iuto solution, the residue is filtered off and burnt in a current of oxygen, using a platinum tube. T h e carbon dioxide evolved is absorbed in a solution of barium hydroxide, and the amount of carbon is calculated from the weight of barium carbonate produced.
Some Rapid Work on Silicons. Trade Rev., 34, No. 9.
BY DALTONPARMLEY. Iron
I NOROAN IC CHEMISTRY. H E N R YFAY,REVIBWER.
The Production of Alloys of Tungsten and of Molybdenum in the Electric Furnace. BY CHARLESL. SARGENT.J. A m . Chem. Soc.) 22, 783-791.-Alloys of tungsten and molybdenum with nickel, cobalt, and chromium were made by heating the dioxides of these metals in an electric furnace with carbon. The amount of carbon used exerted a greater influence in the purity of the metal than did variations in the strength of the current and the duration of its action. T h e product invariably contained traces of carbon and unreduced oxide. Tungsten did not form alloys with bismuth and manganese, while molybdenum alloyed with both of these metals, but would not alloy with copper, which combined readily with tungsten. Neither metal would alloy with tin. Irregular Distribution of Sulphur in Pig-Iron. BY RANBOLLING. ]. Am. Chem. Soc., 22, 798-7gg.-’I’he sulphur was determined in drillings made at intervals of I k inches in a cast bar 12x14inches, and was found to vary from 0.023 per cent. at the bottom to 0.036 per cent. at the top. DOLPH
IO0
Reviea) of Americari Chemical Research.
Alloys Made in the Electric Furnace. BY L,EWIS P. HAMIL'1'0sAND EDGAR F.SMITH.J . Am. Chent. SOC.,23, I j1-15j.Metallic masses, composed of mixtures of various elements, contaminated with iron, carbon, silicon. and gangue" xvere obtained by heating the oxides with carbon and iron or copper in a special form of electric furnace. The properties of these metallic masses n-ere not studied. "
On the Behavior of Iodine and Bromine Towards Chlorine Heptoxide and Perchloric Acid. BY A R T H ~ RMICHAEL A N D WALLACE T. C O S S . Am. Cheiiz. I,, 25, Sg-$--The authors find no evidence for the statement of Kaemmerer that chlorine may be replaced in its oxygen acids by iodine or bromine. I n the preparation of chlorine heptoxide they find that the danger of explosion may be decidedly reduced by keeping the retort containing the phosphorus pentoxide at a lower temperature than -IO' (see this Rev., 6, I 14), during the addition of perchloric acid, and for some hours afterward. Instead of heating the retort gradually to S j o in a n-ater-bath, it is better to heat slowly, and after two hours to remove the heptoxide from the receiver, when about two-thirds of the amount formed nas passed over ; then to heat four hours longer at the same temperature, and finally at 85' to driye off the last traces of heptoxide. -4 very energetic reaction takes place when iodine and chlorine heptoxide are brought together. 'I'he product of the reaction is a n-hite powder n-hich fumes ic the air. Heated to 100' i t i a T-acuuni, perchloric acid distils off and iodine pentoxide is left behind. T h e action of anhydrous perchloric acid on iodine is less eilergetic than that of chlorine heptoxide. T h e product of the reaction is a moist, pinkish, crystalline powder, which leaves a yellowish, crystalline substance when heated in a vacuum. This substance is extremely hygroscopic, and rapidly turns black on exposure to air, owing to the liberation of iodine. I n contact with water it is immediately decomposed with liberation of iodine and formation of iodic acid. Xi1 analysis of the substance corresponded to the forniula HIYO,
