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(440) Treon, Crutchfield. and Kit,zmiller, J . lrsd. Hyg. TozicoT., 25, 199-214 (1CJ43' (441) Tschugaeff. Bet... 33, 735-6 (1900). (442) Ultee, I b i d . , 39, 1S56-8 (1900). I Van der hleulen and Mann, J . A m . C'hcm. Soc., 53, 451-3 (1931). Vanstone, J . Chem. Soc., 97, 4 2 9 3 3 (19101. Taughan, J . Am. Chem. SOC.,54, 3863-76 (1 Tenable. Ber., 13 (2), 1649-52 (1880i. Verschogle, T r a n s . R o y . Soc. (London), A230, 1Sil :1931 I , Villard, Ann. chim. p h y s . , [ 7 ] 10, 387 (1897). \ X a r d , Compt. rend., 120, 1262-5 (1895). Villiers, Bull. soc. chim., 34, 25-7 (1880). Vincent and Chappuis, Compt. rend., 100, 1216-8 (1885). Yoliner and Kirchoff, 2.p h y s i k . Chem,., 115, 233-8 (19251. Yon liechenberg, "Destillation", Leipzig, 1923. T o n Siemens, A4?m.P h y s i k . , [4]42, 871-68 (19131. Wade and llerriman, J . Chem. Soc., 101, 2138-43 (1912). TTalbaum, Ber., 33, 2299-302 (1900). \Iralbaurn, J . p r a k t . Chem., 11. 7 3 , 488-93 (1906). Walhaum and Stephan, Ber., 33, 2302-8 (1900). Walden, 2.phusik. Chem., 70, 569-619 (1910). Wallach, A n n , , 275, 171 (1893). I b i d . , 336, 1-46 (1904). W'allach et al., Ibid., 279, 366-97 (18941. Weber, Verslag A k a d . Wetenschappen, 22, 380 (1914). Weneel and Pirak, Collection Czechoslou. C'hem. C'on~mi, re .. 6 , 54-9 (1934). Whitmore and Fleming, J . Am. C'hem. Soc., 55, 3903-6 (19:33). Whitmore et al., I b i d . , 68,475-81 (1946).
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(407) IViherg and Sutterlin, 2 . Eleketrochem., 41, 151-3 (19353. 1168) Wilbrand and Beilstein, 2. Chemie, 7, 153-60 (1864). (469) Xilcock. J . Am. Chem. S O C . 6, 8 , 691-6 (1946). (470) Killiarns, Ibid., 47, 2644-52 (1925). (171) TVillingham et al., J . Research .V'atl. B7cr. Standards, 35, 219 (1945). 472) Kislicenus, Ann.. 275, 309-82 (1893). 473) Wittenberg and Meyer, B e r . , 16, 500-8 (1883). (474) Koringer, 2.p h y s i k . Chem., 34, 257-89 (1900). ( 4 7 5 ) Kullener and Grotrian, W i e d d n n . , 11, 545-604 (1880,. (476) Yost arid Stone, J . Am. Chem. Soc., 55, 1889-95 (1933). ( l i 7 ) Young. J . Chem. SOC.,55, 483-5.(1889). (47s) l h i d . . 55, 4S6-521 (1889). (470) I h i d . , 59, 621-6 (1.891). (480) I S i d . , 59, 903-11 (1891). t4S1) Ibid., 59, 911-36 (1891). 4Q2) Ibid., 71, 446-57 (1897). 453) Ibid.. 73, 67.5-Sl (159s). 483a) Ibitl., 77, 1145-51 (1900). 4%) Y o u I ~P~T ,O CR.o y . Irish A c o ~ 38B, . , 65-92 (19281. (4%) Young. S c i . Proc. R o y . D7dilin Soc.. 12, 371-432 (1910). 14%) Young, 2.p h y s i k . C h c n . , 23, 193-241 (1899). (IS;) Young and Fortey, J . Chem. &e., 75, 673-83 (1899). (48s) Ibid.. 77. 1126-51 119001. ~, ( m j I W , 81; 7s3-6 (1902). (490) Toiing and Nelson, IND.ESG. CHmr., 21. 321-2 i l 9 2 9 , (491) I'oung and Thomas, J . Chem. Soc., 63, 1191-262 flS931. (492) Ibiil.. 71, 440-6 (1897). (483) Zeleny and Smith, P h y s i k . Z.. 7, 667-71 (1906). (494) Zincke, Ann., 152, 1-21 (1869). ~
(Vapor Pressure of Pure Substances)
INORGANIC CO POUNDS T h e preceding paper catalupuetl \apor pre9sure t l a t n of organic compounds. This article presents \ apor prc*surc data for about 300 inorganic compounds and coniplete* the co\erage of this field at this time.
T
tti1.c f ~ l tvitliiii l tlic 1' re -150' C. t o f 400" C. the ('ox c1i;il.t pIevio,isL>- referrcd t,o was used. So t1i:it nml,iqiiity nil1 be minimized, t h e nnme recogiii /ed liy ( ' h c m i d .Ibstracts has been used. T h e arrnngement i i i tlic: t:ililci i, :t~phabetic:d according t o the name of the ~ ~ J 1 l ~ ~ ) l i U l i t ~ . :iiid tlie furniuln is also added so t h a t there will be n o tlouiit a- t o the s u h t n i i c c meant'. Table I contains pressures (in millimeters of mercury) under 1 Litiiwpliere, and T:ible I1 contains pressures (in atmo>plieres) over one atmosphere. All temperatures are in C. Since there is n discontinuity in a vapor pressure curve a t t h e melting point, t h e melting point of tlie substance, xliere knon-n, is listed in Table I. Since the vapor pressure curve ends a t t h e critical point, Tahle I1 li?ts the critical temperature arid pressure. Assembling the results of m a n y workers, as has been clone here, 1e:idu to uncertainty as to t h e accuracy of t h e d a t a . T h e temperature range is virtually from absolute zero to the highest temperatures m a n has devised. The lower p a r t of t h e temperature scale is accurate, b u t as higher temperatures m e reached, the uncertainty gap widens. I n the opinion of the writer the figures giveu here represent t h e best experimental d a t a possible v i t h the graphic methods employed. Thp writer is certain t h a t , as more wliable experimental measurements are made, a few of the figure> given here should be revised.
HE foregoiiig report (441) discussed the n e d for accurate vapor pre.ssure d a t a n-hen certaiil physical lan-a are put into practical application. One of the constant cries ut' modern times is for more extensive aiid better d a t a . T o a fair e.cte:it, a new plant is no better tlinn t h e d a t a used in its design. Tliese tn-o reports are intended as a s t a r t toward the improvenlelit of this circumstance. T h e methodical exhaustion of the sources of vapor pressure d a t a was begun some six years ago. Chemical $bstracts was searclitd through 1942, b u t t h e coverage since t h e n has been incomplete. t n tlie vast majority of cases t h e original documeiits were consulted. Existing collections of vapor pressure d a t a (9, 199, 249, 466) were of great help. I n this connection special attention should be focused on t,he excellent compilation of Iielley (229), which has holstered our work admirably. T h e t r e a t m e n t of d a t a follows t h e style, format, and ge11crd plan of t h e preceding paper. T h e analytical method n . ; i s retained and was based on semilogarithmic charts menzurilig 30 X 42 inches (where 1 mm. = 1 C.) aiid colored m a p tacks reprepenting the plotted points over which a t a u t thread n-as stretched. NOMENCLATURE This resulted i n t h e introduction of a gentle curvature t o tli? T:Id = decomposes p = polymerizes por pressure line, b u t sufficient tacks were inserted 50 th:rt tlie s = solid 1I.P. = melting point curve was virtually continuous and without angles. For t h e p r T, = critical t e m p e r a t u r e P , = critical pressure m a n e n t gases (those materials belom- -100" C.), the lines x e r e penciled in with t h e help of a French curve, but, in view of tlic uncertainties in temperature measurement above 500' C. (hTables I and 11, pages 541-546 coming less certain with increase of t e m p e r a t u r e ) , it n-a3 felt t h a t Literature citations, pages 547-550 t h e penciling of the curves \vas unnecessary. Where t h e tempera-
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INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY ACKNOWLEDGMENT
T h e :iutlior gratefully acknmvledges t h e work of the sever:iI individual.: n l i o helped Iring thi; project t o completion. LITER-ITCRE CITED
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(70) Cath, I-erslag. Akad. Wetenychapperi, 27, 55:3-60 (1918). (71) Cath and Onnes, Ibid., 26, 490 (1917). ( 7 2 ) Centnerszwer, Z. p h y s i k . Chem., 85, 99-112 (1913). (73) Chappuis, Trav. bur. intern. poids meuwres, 16, (1914). (74) ChaDDUiS and Ririhre, Compt. rend., 104, 1504-5 11887). ( 7 5 ) Claasien and T'eenemana, 2. P h y s i k . , 80; 312-51 (1933j. (76) Claussen and Hildebrand, J . Am. Chem. Soc., 56, 1820 (1934). (77) Clayton and Giauque, Ibid., 54,2610-26 (1932). (78) Clusius and Teske, 2 . p h y s i k . Chem., 6B, 135-51 f1929j. (79) Corey, Laubengayer, and Dennis. ,I. -Im.('hem. Soc.. 47, I 12-7 (1925). (80) Cosslett, 2. anow. allgem. ('hem., 201, 75-80 (1931). (81) C r a f t s . J , c h i m . p h y s . , 13, 105-61 (1915). (821 Cragoe, Refrig. Eng., 12, 131-42 (19251. (83) Crommelin, V e r s l a g . Akird. TPtcnachrzp?,Fn. 22, 31n-20(1013). (84) I bid., 16, 477-85 (1913). (85) Ibid., 22, 1212-5 (1913). (86) Ihid., 23, 991-4 (1914). iR7) Cronimeljn. Bijleved, and B ~ O I T IProc. I. .4rod Sei. drnsterdam, 34. 1314-7 (1931). ( 8 6 ) Cuthbertson and Cuthhcrr>(Jn,1'~i.o~.Rog. S o c . (London), 85, 306-8 (1911). (X9) Daniels and Bright, .I. I r n . C ' h r r r i . Soc.. 42, 11:11-41 (1920). (90) De Forcrand :ind Fniiczrs-Dincon. r ' o m p f . r c n d . . 134, 171-3
(192-1). (93) Deniiis and I-T:uire, J . Phus. C h r m . . 30, 10.55-iI (1$12(j). ( 9 4 ) Denni.;, (1rnrloi.ff. :rnd Tahi3i.n. ,I. Phus. f ' f ~ c m . 30, , l()4!)--54 (
1926 I .
(951 Dcrhy, Danirl-. a n d Gut-che. J . .In(. C ' h c m . Sot., 36, ;!13--804 (1914i.
: o wZ. ,. U I L O ~ ' d~ l. g e m . Chem., 114, 117-50 (1920). (334) llegnault, M8m P a r i s , 26, 339 (1862). (335) Ilex, Z . p'lysik. C'hem., 55, 355-70 (1916). (336) Richter, Ber., 19, 1057-60 (1886). (337:I Rie-enfeld and Beja, Z . anorg. allgem. Chem., 132, 179-200 (1923). (338) Ricsenfeld and Schwab, 2 . P h y s i k . , 11, 12-21 (1922). (339)' Rinse, Rec. traa. chim., 47, 33-6 (1928). (340)1 Rodehush and De Tries, J . Am. Chem. Soc., 47, 24SS-93 (1925). (341:1 liodebush and Dixon, I b i d . , 47, 1036-43 (1925). (342; Rodehush and Dixon, P h y s . Rev., [2] 26, 851-5 (1925). (343) Rodehush and Henry, J . Bm. C h e m . Soc., 52, 3159-61 (1930,. (344) Rodehush and JValters, Ibid., 52, 2654-65 (1930). (345) Itoozeboom. Rec. t r a v . chim., 3, 67-76 (1884). (346) Rudeberg, P h u s . Rev..46, 763-7 (1934). (347) Ruff and .Asclier, Z . anorg. allgem. Chem., 196, 413-20 (1031 I . (348) Ruff aud Bevgdahl, Ibid., 106, 76-94 (1919). (349) Ruff and Bormann, Ibid.. 88, 3 6 5 4 5 (1914). (3pO) I b i d . , 88, 397-409 (1914). (381) Ruff and Braida, I b i d . , 220, 43-8 (1934). (352) Ruff, Braids, Bretachneider, Nenzel, and Plaut, I b i d . , 206, 5964 (1932). (353) Ruff and Graf, Ber., 40, 4199-205 (1907). (354) Ruff and Graf, 2. anorg. allgem. Chem., 58, 209-12 (1908). (355) Ruff and Hartmann, Ibid., 133, 29-45 (1924). (356) Ruff and Heinselmann, I b i d . , 72, 63-54 (1911). (357) Ruff and Johannsen, Ber.. 38, 3601-4 (1905). (358) Ruff and Iieim. 2 . anorg. Chem., 193, 176-86 (1930). (359) Ruff and Konschak, 2 . Eleklrochem., 32, 515-25 (1926). (360) Ruff and Krug, Z . anorg. allgem. Chem., 190, 270-6 (1930). (361) Ruff and Laass, Ibid., 183, 214-22 (1929). (362) Ruff and LeBoucher, I b i d . , 219, 376-81 (1934). (363) Kuff and Slenzel, Ibid., 190, 257-66 (1930). (364) I b i d . . 198, 39-52 (1931). (365) I b i d . , 202,49-61 (1931). (366) R u f f . Menzel, and Neumann, 2. nnorg. allgem. Chem., 208, 293-303 (1932). (367) Ruff and Rlugdan, Ibid., 117, 147-71 (1921). (368) Huff and Schiller, Ibid., 72, 3 2 S 5 7 (1911). (369) Ruff and Schmidt, I b i d . , 117, 172-90 (1921).
549
(370) Ibid., 123, 83-S (1922). (3711 R u f f , Schmidt, and Xlugdan, 2 . a n o r g . all17em. ( ' h e m . 123, 83-8 (1922). (372) Ruff and Tschirch, Ber., 46, 929-49 (1913). (373) Rushton and Daniels, J . Am. C h e m . Soc.. 48, 384-9 (1926). (374) Russ, 2 . physik. Chem., 82, 217-22 (1913). (375) Russ and Pokorny, .lfonatsh., 34, 1027-61) (1913). (376) Russell, Rundle, a n d Y o s t , J . S m . C h e m Soc., 63, 2825-8 (1941). (377) Ryschkewitsch, 2 . Elektrochem., 31, 54-6.3 (1925). (378) Scheel and Heuse, Ann. P h y s i k , [4] 29, 723-37 (1909). (379) Ibid., [ 4 ] 31,715-36 (1910). (380) Scheffer and Treub, 2. physik. Chem., 81, 308-32 (1913). (381) Scheffer and Voogd, Rec.trav. chim., 45, 214-23 (1926). ( 3 8 2 ) Schenck and l l b e r s . Z . c ~ u o r g . alloem. Chem.. 105, 135-66 (1919). (383) Schenck and Imker, Ber., 58B, 271-2 (1925). (384) Schenck, Mihr, and Banthien, Ibid., 39, 1506-21 (1906). cheuer, A n r . A k a d . Wiss. T i e n , 48, 304 (1911). rhlesinger. Sanderson. and Burg, J . Am. Chem. SOC.,62, 3421-5 (1940). (387) Schmidt and Walter, l n n . P h y s i k , 72, 565 (1923). (388) Schunib and .Anderson, J . ,4771. Chem. Soc., 58, 994-6 (1936). (389) Ibid., 59, 651-3 (1937). (390) Schumb and Bickford. Ihid.. 56, 852-4 (1934). (391) Schumb and Gamble, Ihid.. 53, 3191-2 (1931). (392) Ihid.. 54,583-90 (1932). 1393) I b i d . . 54, 3943-9 (1932). (394) Scott, P h i l . .Uag., [6]47,32-50 (1924). (395) Scott and Brickwedde, P h y s . Rev.,[ 2 ]48 483 (1935). (396) Scott et al.. J . Chem. P h y s . , 2,454-64 (1984). (397) Shirado. Bull. Chem. Soc. J a p a n , 2, 85-95 (1927). (398) Simons. J . Am. C h c m . Soc.. 46,2179-83 (1924). (399) I b i d . , 52,3488-93 (1930). (400) Simons and Hildebrand, I b i d . , 46, 2 1 8 3 4 1 (1924). (401) Sinozaki, Hara, and Mitsukuri, Tech. Repts. Tbhoku I m p . C 7 i i i r . ,6, 157 (1926). (402) Sniellie, J . Soc. Chem. I n d . , 42, 466-8 (1923). (403) Smith and Calvert, J . Am. Chem. SOC.,36, 1363-82 (1914). (404) Smith and Mennies, Ibid.. 32, 907-14 (1910). (4051 Pinits and Beljaars. Proc. Acad. S e i . ..lmsterdam, 34, 1141 (1931). (406) Smits and Bokhorst, Z . physik. Chem., 91. 219-312 (1916). (407) Smits and Dienum, Proc. A c a d . Ski. A m s f e r d a m , 33, 514-25 (1930). (408) Smits, Sleyer, and Beck, T-erslag I k u t l . 'Tetenschappen, 24, a m /io1 m (309) Smits, Meyering, and l i a m e r n ~ a ~ iProc. s . .Icutl. Sei. Amsterdam, 34,1327-39 (1931). (410) Ibid..35,193-6 (1932). (41 1I Smits and Moerman, Z . p h y d : . Cham., B35, 69-81 (1937). (412) Smits and Shoenmaker, J . Chem. SOC.,125, 2554-73 (1924). (413) Smythe and Engel. J . Am. Chem. SOC.,51,, 2646-70 (1929). (414) Spangenberg, Z . p h y s i k . Chem., 119, 419-38 (1926). (415) Steele and Bagster, J . Chem. SOC.,97, 2607-20 (1911). (416) Steele. McIntosh, and Archibald, 2 . physik. Chem., 55, 129-99 (1906). (417) Stein, J . Chem. Soc., 134,2134-8 (1931). (418) Stelzner. dissertation. Erlangen (1901). (419) Stock and Friederici. Brr., 46, 1959-71 (1913). ock. Henning, and Kusa. Ibid., 54, 1llE1-29 (1021). ock and Kuss, Ibid., 47, 3113-5 (1914). id..50, 159-64 (1917). '423) Ibid., 56B, 789-808 (1923,. (423) Stock, Kuss. and Priess, I h i d . , 47, 3115-49 (19141. ( 3 2 5 ) Stock and Massenez, I b i d . . 45, 3539-68 (1912). 1426) Ibid., 59, 2210-5 (1926). (427) I b i d . , 59,2215-23 (1926'). 428) I t i d . , 62, 90-9 (1929). 429) Stock and Praetorius. Ihid.. 45, 3568 (1912). (430) Stock and Priess, Ibid.. 47, 3109-13 (1914). (431) Stock and Somieski, I b i d . , 49, 111;57 (1916). (432) Ibid.,50, 1739-54 (1917). (433) I b i d . , 54,740-58 (1921). (434) Stock, Somieski, and Wintgen, I b i d . , 50, 1.751-64 (1917). (435) Stock and Stoltzenberg, Ibid., 50, 498-502 (1917). (436) Stock and Willfroth, Ibid., 47, 144-54 (1914). (437) Stock and Zeidler, Ibid., 56, 986-97 (1923). (438) Stock and Zimmermann, .Ifonatsh., 53-54, 786-90 (1929). (439) Ibid., 55, 1-2 (1930). (440) Strassmann, dissertation, Hanover (1929). (441) Stull, IND. ENG. CHEJI.,39,517 (1947). 1442) Tamman, "Kristallisieren und Schmelaen: ein Bertrag zur Lehre der Anderungen des Aggregatzuatandes", p. 289, Leipzig, Barth, 1903. Y""
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(443) Taylor iiiicl Jungers, J . A m . ( ‘ h t m .,Yoc., 55, 5057 \ ;I!I:~:+), (444) Terwen, 2. p h y s i k . Chem., 91, 489-99 (191t;). (445) Thiel and Ritter, 2. anorg. alloem. Chem., 132, 125 32 i l:i2:%! (446) Thiele, Ann. P h y s i k , [ 5 ] 14, 937-70 (1932). (447) Thornton, Burg, and Schlesinper. J . d m . Cherrr. .SIIC.. 55, 3177 82 (1933). (448) Trautz, 2 . Elektrochem, 14, 271 2 (1‘308). (449) Ibid.,14,534-44 (1908). (450) Trautz and Badstubner, I b i d . . 35, i%--Su% (1%?9,,, (451) Trautz and Gerwig, 2. anory. a l l g e m . C h m . , 134, 4 0 ~-I 1 t i I W ’,~ (452) I b i d . , 134, 417-20 (1921). (453) Trautz, Rick, and Acker, 2 . Elekti.uchcr,i.. 35, 122 4 I ! I ~ ! I # , (454) Travers and Jacquerod, Tmris. Roy. .Sot. ( L ( j t l d o ~ o200A. , 1.i.i (1903).
(455) (456) (457) (458) (469) (480) (461)
(462) (483) (464)
(465) (466) (487) (468) (409) (470) (471)
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