colloid science, intended for undergraduate students and far conscientious instructors who feel an obligation to provide such students with an opportunity for challenging independent study. The book consists of 112 pages of textual matter and a good index. The first chapter deals with the limits of dimensions in the colloidal state, the importance of interfaces, and enough history to provide an essential perspeotive. The classification of colloidal systems is also considered. The second chapter is concerned with lyophobic sols, which, following K. J. Mysels, are classified as diuhLmnl if they persist substantially unchanged for long periods and as wducovs if they have a short lifetime. Methods of preparing sols are described, as well as the theory of sol formation. Electrokinetic phenomena are discussed in relation to zeta potential. The third chapter deals with lyophilic colloids, i.e., substances which form true solutions although composed of molecules large enough to be in colloidal range, such as the proteins and the nucleic acids. The discussion of the osmotic pressure of such solutions leads to consideration of tbe Donnan effect and the need for adding a swamping electrolyte in determining the molecular weights of polyelectrolytes from osmotic measurements. Other topics d i e cussed include swellimg and gelation, light scattering, ultracentrifugation, and the viscosity of lyophilic systems. The fourth chapter considers association colloids, i.e., substances whose molecules aggregate spontaneously in a given solvent to form thermodynamically stable particles of colloidal dimensions. These include most of the surface-active substances used as detergents or as wetting, suspending, or emulsifying agents. The authors discuss the structure of spherical mieelles, the critical micelle concentration, electrical eonductivity of ionizable association colloids (says Kerol Mysels: "I measure the conductivity of micelles in my cells"), solubilisation (the phenomenon so extensively studied by McBain), coacervation and the mesomorphic state. In the 6fth chapter the authors give attention to interfacial phenomena, surface tension being a special case of the interfacial tension resident in any mobile interface. Applications considered here include the spreading of liquids, the wetting of solids, ore flotation, dyeing, and detergency. The Gibbs relation between adsorption and interfacial tension is considered, as well as monolayers on liquid surfaces (the work of Agnes Pockels, Irving Langmuir, and their successors). The authors devote the h a 1 chapter to a. description of a few colloids that have achieved theoretical, industrial, or hitorical importance. Bentonite is considered because of its thixotropic character which finds application in drilling muds; included are the alkyl ammonium bentonites (organophilic clays), used in specialty lubricating greases and in thixotropic paints. Sulfur sols are considered because of their prominence as "typical" lyophobic sols in the early history of colloid chemistry and because LaMer and his colleagues have recently applied nucleation theory to the production of monodisperse sulfur sols. Finally, some of the remarkable properties
The fourth chapter deals with modes of bonding in inorganic complexes, Five pages are devoted to the Lewis-SidgwrckLAWRENCE P . EBLIN Pauling valence bond theory, including Ohio Unive~sitY hybridization. Eight pages are utilized Athens for the discussion of crystal field theory. Two pages are devoted to =-bonding and one paragraph to "sandwich" compounds. In the 6fth chapter, Properties and Chamcteristic Reactions, eight pages are devoted to stereochemistry. Separation Inorganic Complex Compounds of isomers, the differencesbetween geometrical isomers, cis trans isomeriaation, and R. Kmt M w n n , University of Misracemiat~tionare discussed. Other topics: souri, Columbia. Selected Topics in stabilization oi unusual oxidation states; Modern Chemistry. Reinhold Pubthe acid-base properties of complex ions; lishing C o p , New York, 1964. viii ligand exchange, including the use of 120 pp. Figs. m d tables. 12.5 X isotopically labeled ligands for the study 18.5 em. Paperbound. $1.95. of substitution mechanisms; and the reactions of coordinated ligands. Like the other volumes in this series, The final chapter gives brief mention t,o Professor Murmann's little book is written some of the more common applications of more in the style of a monograph than in coordination chemistry and closes with a the manner of a textbook. In a book inthree-page discussion of the role of metal tended to serve as a supplement to a complexes in biochemistry. The use of standard textbaok, this style seems structural formulas here again points up appropriate. There is, of course, the the need for making sure that the students implication that such supplementary have some knowledge of organic chemistry re%ding is not intended for students who cannot follow their textbooks. before they attempt to explore inorganic In the first chapter the historical decomplexes in depth. velopment of the subject is followed by a The effectiveness of this little book as a supplement to a freshman textbook will discussion of the difficulty of defining codenend on the timing of its use and the ordination compounds. The existence of eakful planning of the course. complexes in situations often regarded as "simple" is illustrated by the reaction of LAWRENCE P . EBLIN cesium(1V) with tin(II), where it is well Ohio Uniwraify known that these hare ions do not actually Athens exist in aqueous solution. The species present in a solution containing Ce(1V) as the chloride inolude [Ce(H20),14+, [Ce(HsO).Cl] a+, [Ce(H~O),CL]?+, and [Ce (H20).(OH)]B+, as wellas dimers and polyInorganic Ion Exchangers mers having OH and CL bridges. The existence of metal complexes in situations C. B. Anphlelt, Atomic Energy Research which nobody ever imagined to he simple Establiihment, Harwell, Great Britain. is illustrated by the presenceof coordinated American Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc., iron in hemin, magnesium in chlorophyll, New Yark, 1964. Topics in Inorganic and cobs.lt in vitamin Ba. and General Chemistry, Monograph The discussion of methods of discerning 141 pp. Figs. and tables. No. 2. x complex formulation should he very bene14 X 21.5 cm. $6.50. ficial to the student who is intorested in evidence: for example the faihm of Ion exchange was investigated on inFe(OH)* to precipitate upon addition of organic materials in soils over a century OH- to a solution of Fe(I1) in the presago. The first synthetic exchangers were ence of EDTA; the ability of an anionic inorganic; but a greater interest in organic exchange resin to take up [ZnCIJ- alion-exchange resins developed and little though unable to take up Znzf; evidence attention was given to inorganic materials based on molar conductivity; and so an. until recent years. Prompted by the The first chapter includes an explnnar need for ion exchangers which are more tion of haw formulas for com~lexesare stable at high temperatures and in the presence of ionizing radiation new materials have been developed. Inorganic ion exhangera are classified of isomerism found among these cominto two types: exchangers with wellpounds. There is nothing in this chapter defined crystal structures (the two dimenthat is heyond a good freshman student. sional layer-lattice structures, such as the For the most part, however, the subday minerals, and three dimensional sequent chapters require more backcage structures exemplified by the zedites) ground (or greater effort). The second and poorly crystalline materials (hydrous chapter, entitled Thermodynamic Star oxides of polyvalent metah and acid bility of Complex Compounds, employs salts of palyvalent metals and polybasic thermodynamic terminology and also reacids). A group of miscellaneous ellquires that the student know enough orchangers are mentioned including uranium ganic chemistry to distinguish between micas and merearbide salts. Chapter 2 primary, secondary and tertiary amines, covers the clay minerals systematicdy by and to recognize such terms as acetylacetype, including montmorillonite, attatonate. The third chapter, Reaction pulgite, mica, vermiculite and kaolinite. Speeds of Complex Species, cannot be The use of these minerals for treatment of properly appreciated by 8, student who radioactive waste solutions is disoussed. does not know how to perform integrat,ion. Chapter 3 discusses the zeolites including a
of the commercially important silica gel are described.
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summruy of molecular sieve properties, their behavior as ionic sieves, exchange equilibria and kinetics. This chapter would he better if it included data on moleoular sieve 13X and references to the more recent literature. I t is already somewhat out of date. Chapter 4 is on the heteropolyacid salts and is largely concerned with ammonium molybdophosphate. The separation of cesium is discussed. The largest section, Chapter 5, is on hydrous oxides and insoluble salts, and is concerned mainly with airconium oxide and zirconium phosphate. Inorganic ion exchangers in water purification systems and ion exchange membranes are treated very briefly. With the exception of a brief discussion in the introduction, the first synthetic inorganic materials of the permutite type are not discussed. It appeared to this reviewer that the literature wverage is inconsistent; the chapter on hydrous oxides is the beat documented and contains the most recent references. The book is well illustrated and well written. AIthough it is intended to serve as a guide to the subject of inorganic ion exchangers, it should he welcomed by anyone interested in the auhject. Small in size, it is a big book in terms of content. In summary, this little monogrsph is a. fine addition to the series "Topics in Inorganic and General Chemistry!' D. W. BRECK Union Carbide Corp. Tarrytom, New Ywk
Principles and Methods of Chemical Analysis
Harold F. Wallon, University of Colorado, Boulder. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1964. m i 484 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. $10.95.
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The author claims in the preface that "This hook is about the 'chemistry' in analytical chemistry!' He goes on to state that "The 'chemistry' in analytical chemistry has developed greatly since the first edition of this book appeared in 1952. As a result the book has had to be extensively revised. New chapters have been added on precipitation from homogeneous solution, solvent extraction, aeidbase titrations in nonaqueous solvents, and linear titration methods, and sections on complexometric titrations and ionexchange separations have been rewritten. To save space the earlier chapter on electrolytic methods of analysis has been dropped (though same of its contents have been incorporated into Chapter 22) and material on some of the older chemical methods has been omitted or curtailed." Chapters 1, 2 and 3 on Solubility, Physical Form, and Impurities in Prcipitates are almoet identical with the lirst three chapters of the first edition p u b lished in 1952. The last section of Chapter 3 in the fimt edition, an Precipitation from Homogeneous Solutions, has
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been expanded into a chapter in the second edition. Chapter 5, Drying and Ignition of Precipitat,es, appears to he very similar to Chapter 4 by the same title in the earlier edition. Chapter 6 on Organic Precipitants and Extractants has been expanded and improved. Brief discussions of the 1,lO-phenanthrolines and related compounds and of charge transfer spectra have been added. Chapter 8 on Ion Exchange in Analytical Chemistry has been improved by rewriting. Chapter 9 on Separations by Vaporisation and Exbractions in the first edition has been expanded into two chapters. Chapter 9 on Separations by Vaporieation is very much like the previous presentation. However, an interesting and informative discussion of the Schaniger method has been added. The discussion of Seoaratiions hv Solvent Extraction has bsnu completely nwrirten 1 1 d tqunded I a n I . Tlw prrdent:cmn rs a definite improvement over the previous edition. Additional topics such as Liquid Ion Exchangers and the Craig Counter-Current Extraction Method have been included. However, it is very diappointing to find only one sentence devoted to organophosphorus compounds other than tributyl phosphate. A discussion of the chemistry and applications of tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and related neutral bifunctional organophosphorus compounds should certainly have been included. Chapters 11 and 12 on Titrimetric Analysis and Oxidation-Reduction Potentials, respectively, have not been changed significantly. (Even the same error appears on p. 212 as was present in the first edition.) Chapter 13 on Methods of Potentiometric Titration has been expanded and improved as has Chapter 14 on AcidBase Titrations. Chaoter 15 on Acid-Base Titrations in ~ b n a ~ i w Solvents us is new and represents a significant improvement aver the previous sketchy presentation. Chapters 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 on AcidBase Indicators, Oxidation-Reduction Titrations, Titrimetrie Oxidation-Reduo tion Methods in Organic Chemistry, Oxidation-Reduction Indiestors, and Precipitation Titrations, respectively, re main essentially unchanged. Chapter 21 on Complex-Forming Titrations has been expanded, especially the discussion of Titration with Chelating Agents. The final chapter on Linear Titration Methods is good and includes much of the material ppreviously dkoussed under the chapter headings of Electrolytic Methods of Analysis and Conductometric Titrations. The word "sampling" is not even mentioned in the Subject Index and does not appear to he discussed in the text. I t is not clear why the author chose ta completely neglect such an important subject as sampling. This second edition is a definite improvement over the first and should find acceptance as a textbook for advanced undergraduates or for an introductory course at the graduate level. Caanms V. BANKS Iowa Slate University Ames
Solubilities of Inorganic and Organlc Compounds. Volume 2, Ternary and Multicomponent Systems, Part 2 Edited by H. Stephn and T . Stephen. Maemillan Co. ( a Pergamon Press hook), New York, 1964. 1106 pp. Tables. 15 X 22.5 om. $28.50. This volume is part of a comprehensive survey of the solubility of elements and compounds. Volume 2 is limited to ternary and multiwmponent systems. All data, are presented in table form. Compounds are named by the IUPAC system, and extensive indexing facilitates easy reference. J.V.D.
Molecular Complexes in Organic Chemistry Lawrence J . Andrews and Raymond M . Keefer, both of the University of California, Davis. Holden-Day, Ina., San 196 pp. Figs. Francisco, 1964. viii and tables. 18 X 25.5 em. 88.75.
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The imoortance of molecular wmnlexes and the poetilble slgmficanre which' they nr.v play ul several tl~acipl~nesof che~niatry Ld probably uot uq fu~niliorto or irnderatood by researchers as may he desired. In view of the active research carried out over the past several yeara in this area, the appearance of hooks devoted to this subject is lone overdue. The names of Andrews and I k f w nre read3y fauuliar to workers in tt1i.i area, a d 111 light of them scieul~fic cuutrtbutiuls they should be well qunl~fird to write such a hook. The title of the hook implies that the material is restricted to organic chemistry. Although it may have been written primarily with organic chemists needs in mind, there are many inorganic wmppoudds diacumed which form molecular complexes. Furthermore, applications of complex formation and their pomible significance to numerous fields such aa biochemistry, catalysis and kinetics, spectroscopy and polymers are discussed to varied degrees throughout the hook. From the variety of molecular complexes which can farm in solution (possibly to some extent in the gaa phaae), it seems that it is difficult to avoid moleeulrtr aasaciation of some form in moat all chemical systems. For this reason it is necessary that all chemists he a t least familiar with the subject. The book being reviewed is a. good first start in this endeavor, hut not complete in itself. In one sense the title may be misleading in that o n b so-called donor-acceptor or charge transfer complexes are considered by the authors. Other types or classifications of inter- and intra-molecular interaction, such as hydrogen bonding, have
