FUNDAMENTALS ,
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T h e review inaugurated in t h i s issue was organized t o fulfill t h e need for a n annual survey of t h e research in basic phenomena t h a t control chemical engineering processes. It complements t h e Unit Processes and Unit Operations Annual Reviews w i t h a more complete coverage o f fundamental papers o n thermodynamics, chemical rate processes, fluid dynamics, and mass and heat transfer t h a n was appropriate in t h e other reviews. In addition, t h e literature on colloidal and surface phenomena, computers, statistics, and mathematics, n o t covered in o u r previous reviews, is represented by suitable sections in t h e new feature. THE EDITORS Petroleum “Pipe Organ” Polymerizes Propylene
COURTESY SHELL O I L
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CHEMICAL RATE PROCESSES a94
R. H. W I L H E L M (born i n 1905 in New York City) received his Ph.D. from Columbia University, and is now professor of chemical engineering at Princeton. He is associated with the Forrestal Research Center and is an industrial and government consultant. Wilhelm has received the Walker and Professional Progress awards of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and is a member of the ACS, New York Academy of Sciences, Tau Beta Pi, and Sigma Xi. M. BOUDART was born i n Brussels, Belgium, in 1924, and was educated there at the University of Louvain. He came t o Princeton University in 1947 (M.A., 1949 and Ph.D., 1950) under the sponsorship of the BelgianAmerican Educational Foundation (successor to Hoover’s Committee for Relief in Belgium). Boudart is now at the James Forrestal Research Center at Princeton, where his field of research is homogeneous and heterogeneous kinetics.
E. F. JOHNSON is assistant professor of chemical engineering at Princeton University, where he directs research on the molecular transport properties of rocket fluids. H e received his B.S. from Lehigh and Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania. Johnson is an industrial consultant and a member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, ACS, American Society for Engineering Education, Tau Beta Pi, and Sigma Xi. C. E. BIRCHENALL was born in Coatesville, Pa., in 1922. H e received his A.B. degree from Temple University in 1943 and his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1946. Formerly a member of the staff of the Metals Research Laboratory at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, Birchenall is now associate professor of chemistry at Princeton University. He is a member of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers and Sigma Xi.
COM PUTERS, STAT IST ICS, AND MATHEMAT ICS 933
ARTHUR ROSE, associate professor of chemical engineering at The Pennsylvania State College and president of Applied Science Laboratories, Inc., State College, Pa., has numerous publications on distillation theoryand mathematics. WithE.G. Rose he is co-author of theWondensed Rose is Chemical Dictionary” and “Distillation index and Abstracts.” chairman of the ACS Council Committee on Publications and member of the Subcommittee on Aids to Mechanization of Chemical Abstracts.
JOAN A. SCHILK is a research assistant and computer specialist at The Pennsylvania State College. Recently, she has been engaged i n vaporliquid equilibrium studies under vacuum, part of the Department of Agriculture sponsored research on fatty acid derivatives being carried on at Penn State. She has participated in research on batch distillation and a chief interest is theory of mass transfer in simple two-phase systems. R. CURTIS JOHNSON, assistant professor of chemical engineering at Washington University in St. Louis, graduated from the University of Illinois. During World War II Johnson was research assistant on a NDRC munitions development project at Illinois and received his M.S. degree there i n 1946. His doctorate research was done at The Pennsylvania State College, where he participated i n the development of automatic digital computer techniques for chemical engineering problems.
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COLLOIDAL A N D SURFACE PHENOMENA 912
FLUID D Y N A M ICs 941
GEOFFREY BROUGHTON was born in England and received an M.Sc. from the University of London (1934) and Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was employed by the Eastman Kodak Co. from 1938 to 1949, with a leave of absence to the Office of Scientific Research and Development during 1944 and 1945. Broughton is now chairman of the department of chemical engineering at the University of Rochester.
THOMAS BARON attended the University of Illinois where he received his B.S. degree in 1943 and his Ph.D. i n 1948. He was an assistant professor of chemical engineering at the same institution until 1951 and was also engaged as a consultant with the U. S. Army Chemlcal Corps. Baron has authored a number of papers on fluid mechanics; he i s now employed by the Shell Development Co., Emeryville, Calif.
A. K. OPPENHEIM received his diploma i n aeronautical engineering from the Warsaw Institute of Technology i n 1943, Ph.D. from the University of London, and D.I.C. (Imperial College) i n 1945. H e served on the faculties of the City and Guilds College (London) until 1948 and Stanford University from 1948 to 1950. Oppenhelm is assistant professor of mechanical engineering at the University of California (Berkeley) and consultant to Shell Development Co.
HEAT TRANSFER 951
MASS TRANSFER 957
E. R. 0. ECKERT (born in Prague in 1904)studied at the Prague Institute of Technology (engineering degree, 1927, and doctor's degree, 1931). He taught at Danzig University and the Prague Institute of Technology before becoming a research engineer at Wright Patterson Air Force Base (1945 to 1940) and Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory (1949 to 1951). Eckert i s now professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Minnesota.
R. L. PIGFORD received his B.S. degree from Mississippi State College in 1938 and his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Illinois i n 1940 and 1942, respectively. Until August 1947 he was employed by Du Pont, Wilmington, Del., where he engaged i n research and plant design problems in the field of diffusional operations. Since September 1947, Pigford has been chairman of the department of chemical engineering at the University of Delaware.
THERMODYNAM I C s
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J. M. S M I T H was born in Sterling, Colo., in 1916. He received his B.S. degree from the California Institute of Technology in 1937 and the Sc.D. from M I T i n 1943. Smith is now professor of chemical engineering a t Purdue University. He is the author of a text on thermodynamics and a member of the ACS, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Ssciety for Engineering Education, and Sigma Xi.
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