UNIT OPERATIONS The sixth consecutive Chemical Engineering Unit Operations Review is presented on the following pages. Sixteen sections, the same ones appearing in our 1950 review, are represented in this appearance of the annual feature. The 1951 volunle of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry again will carry in September and October, respectively, the fourth Unit Processes and fifth Materials of Construction reviews. These also have become established annual features of the publication since their first appearance in 1948 and 1947.
THE EDlTORS
Molecular Stills Used in
Pilot
Manufacture of Distilled Monoglycerides
COURTESY DISTILLATION PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES
ABSORPTION AND HUMIDIFICATION 41
ADSORPTI0N 46
CENTRIFUGATION 55
CRYSTALLIZATION 58
R. L. PIGFORD received his B.S. from Mississippi State College (1938) and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Illinois (1940 and 1942, respectively). Until August 1947 he was with Du Pont, Wilmington, Del., where he engaged in research and plant design problems in the field of diffusional operations. Since September 1947 he has been chairman of the department of chemical engineering at the Cniversity of Delaware.
B. L. HARRIS (born in Savannah, Ga., 1917) received his B.E. (1938) and Ph.D. (1941) in chemical engineering a t The Johns Hoplcins University. A t present he is assistant professor of chemical engineering a t The Johns Hoplrins University and a consultant in the Office of the Chief, Chemical Corps, U. S. Army. He is e member of the American Chemical Society and associate member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
JAMES 0. MALONEY is head of the department of chemical engineering and director of the Research Foundation a t the University of Kansas. He was born in St. Joseph, Mo., in 1915, and received his B.S.(Ch.E.) from the University of Illinois in 1936 and his M.S. and Ph.D. from The Pennsylvania State College in 1939 and 1941, Maloney is a member of the American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
C. S. GROVE, JR., professor of chemical engineering a t Syracuse University, was born in Oneida, N. Y., in 1905. Grove holds the following degrees: A.B., Lenoir Rhyne College, 1925; B.S. and Ch.E., N. C. State College, 1928 and 1932; M.S., M.I.T., 1934; and Ph.D., University of Minnesota, 1942. He is a member of the American Chemical Society, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and American Society for Engineering Education. JOSEPH B. GRAY (born in 1915 a t Annapolis, Rld.) teaches ehemical engineering a t Syracuse University. He received hi5 B.A. in chemistry from St. John’s College (1936), and B.S. in gas engineering (1938) and Ph.D. in chemical engineering (1941) from The Johns Hoplrins University. Gray is a member of the American Chemical Society, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Sigma Xi, Gamma Alpha, Phi Lambda Upsilon, and Alpha Chi Sigma.
HIGH TEMPERATURE DISTILLATION
T. J. WALSH obtained his B.Ch.E. (1939) and M.Ch.E. (1941) from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Ph.D. (1948) from Case Insti-
63
tute of Technology, where he is associate professor of chemical engineering. Walsh is coholder ( w i t h R. E. Burk) of U. S. patent (assigned t o Standard Oil of Ohio) ‘$Apparatus for Liquid Contracting for Fractionating, etc.” He is a consulting chemical engineer and a member of Alpha Chi Sigma.
HIGH VACUUM DISTILLATION 68
DRYING 70
EVAPORATION
75
I(. C. D. HICKMAN (born in London, 1896) studied a t the Royal College of Science and London University (B.S., Ph.D.). In 1950 Hickman, the inventor of the modern molecular still, received a John Price Wetherill Medal for his work on molecular distillation, particularly for his vitamin distillation work. He is a consultant to Eastman Kodak Company and Arthur D. Little, Inc., and is a member of the American Chemical Society.
SAMUEL J. FRIEDMAN joined the Du Pont staff in 1941. Much of his time has been devoted to research and development work in the fields of heat transfer and drying. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1918 and educated a t Case Institute of Technology (B.S. and M.S.). He is a licensed professional engineer and a member of the American Chemical Society, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
W. L. BADGER, author of “Heat Transfer and Evaporation” and coauthor of ‘(Inorganic Chemical Technology” and “Elements of Chemical Engineering,” was born in Minneapolis in 1886. He attended the University of Minnesota, M.S., 1909. Badger is a consulting chemical engineer and a member of the American Chemical Society, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and the Executive Committee on Heat Transfer of the National Research Council. R. A. LINDSAY was born in Detroit in 1915; he attended the University of Michigan and obtained his B.S. in 1939 and M.S. in 1940. Since 1941 he has worked with W. L. Badger on heat transfer and evaporation at Dow Chemical Company and is now a t their main office in Midland, Mich. With coauthors, Lindsay has published several papers on heat transfer. He is a member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
SOLVENT EXTRACTION 79
FILTRATION a5
ROBERT E. TREYBAL (born 1915, New York) is professor of chemical engineering a t New York University. He received his B.S.Ch.E. (1935)and M.S. (1936)from New York University and his Ph.D. (1942)from Columbia University. Treybal has published the results of many researches in extraction, and a book entitled “Liquid Extraction” is in preparation. He is a member of the American Chemical Society and Sigma Xi.
SHELBY A. MILLER was born in Louisville, Ky., in 1914. He received degrees of B.S. from the University of Louisville in 1935, and of Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1944. His present position is professor of chemical engineering, University of Kansas. Miller is a licensed professional engineer and a member of the American Chemical Society, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and the American Society for Engineering Education.
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FLUID DYNAMICS 90
3IAX LEVA (born 1913 near Ludwigshafen, Germany) is a consulting chemical engineer. He studied a t the University of Cincinnati (B.S.) and Carnegie Institute of Technology (M.S.). While with the Bureau of Mines Leva directed research on fluid flow, heat flow, and fluidization. He is a member of the American Chemical Society, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and is a registered professional engineer. 11UHRAY WEINTRAUB (born in New k’orli, 1918) received his l3.Y. in chemical engineering from The Cooper Union Institute of Technology. He spent four years with the chemical operations rlirision of the Huntsville Arsenal and since 1945 has been engaged in engineering research and process development with the Bureau of htines. Weintraub is a memher of the American Chemical Society and American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
HEAT TRANSFER 99
BON EXCHANGE 102
MATERIALSHANDLING 108
MIXING 111
SIZE REDUCTION 114
GEOHGE T. SKAPERDAS (born in New York C i t y in 1914) studied chemical engineering at McGill University (B.Eng., 1936) and at RIassachusetts Institute of Technology (S.M., 1938 and Sc.D., 1940). He is now working on process and equipment development and design with The R.1. W. Kellogg Company, New York, N . Y. Sliaperdas is a member of the American Chemical Society, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and Sigma Xi.
ROBERT ICLNIN (born in West New York, N. J., in 1918) recei.red his B.S. (1939) and Ph.D. (1942) from Kutgers University. M e supervises research and development of ion exchange resins for the Resinous Product Division, Rohni & Haas Company. Kunin spent two years as research chemist for TVA, a year a t Mellon Institute on the Petroleum Refining Fellowship, and two years during the war on the Manhattan Project a t Columbia University.
ROBERT E. WRIGHT (born in Oconto, Wis., 1917) received his B.S.3I.E. from the Cniversity of Wisconsin in 1940. Since then he has been with Monsanto Chemical Company, working on design and construction of chemical plants. Wright is a contributing editor of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry on the subject of materials handling. He is a memher of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and is a registered professional engineer.
.J. IIENHY RL SHTON, professor of chemical engineering is director of the department a t Illinois Institute of Technology and director of research for Mixing Equipment Company, Rochester, N. Y. He attended the University of Pennsylvania (B.S. and Ph.D.). Rushton is the author of numerous scientific articles. He is a member of the American Chemical Society, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and Society of Chemical Industry.
LlNCOLN T. WORK (born 1898, Hartford, Conn.) received his A.B., Ch.E., and Ph.D. degrees from Columbia University. Early in 1949 Work resigned as director of research a t Metal & Thermit Corporation to engage in private consulting work. He is a consulting engineer and his offices are with Singmaster and Bre5er. Work was chairman of the Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry of the American Chemical Society for 1950.
