Other careless errors occur. HCIOI is called perchlorous acid. On page 123 mercury is listed as the only liquid element st room temperature while on page 121 bromine is given as s. liquid. On page 150, the term "halogen" means acid former, but on page 120 it means salt former. On page 118, N&OH is named ammonia. hydroxide. Other out-dated statements have been retained from other editions. "Lysol" is called a cresol mixture. Non-inflammable carbon tetrachloride is given as the safest dry cleaning solvent, but no mention is made of the health hazards which have driven it from the dry cleaning field. The dr.ying of p a i ~ is t attributed to the oxidation of linseed oil which rarely occurs in paint today. No major format change has occurred since edition 5. Part I, Introduction to Chemical Science, contains m expanded se~tionon organic chemistry (four chapters) including chapters on isomerism and cyclic eompounds. Part 11, Physiological and Pathological Chemistry, appears to be much more up-to-date and free of errors than Part I. In this edition much material has been put in small print either for omission or as reference ma.teial. Recause of its many misconceptions and errors, this book does not answer the prayers of chemistry teachers faced with teaching a class of nurses.
chemistry are skillfully integrated with differences frequently rationalized on the basis of electron distribution concepts. Simple molecular orbital diagrams are used where most appropriate. Within each chapter the subject matter is presented smoothly in the "normal" sequence including physical properties (briefly), nomenclature, preparative methods, reactions, and other appropriate topics. Common names of many important compounds are given, and enough systematic nomenclature is presented to illustrate usage and permit application to many straightforward cases (normal hydrocarbons are named through octane). An impressive number of the more important reactions and preparative methods are covered, usually without discussion of limitations and side reactions. Several reaction mechanisms are presented in elementav terms where they serve as useful instructional material, as in displacement reactions and acid catalyeed esterification. Pictorial models are frequently and effectively used. The last chapters cover optical isomerism, carbohydrates, amino acids and nroteins. and natural nroducts.
In general the text is subject to the same criticisms and plaudits as those previously described. I t is still traditional in scope and is a "utilitarirtn text, and on that basis s. good one." J . M. PAPPENHAOEN Kenyon College Gambier. Ohio
Introductory Chemistry
0. W . Nitz, Stout State College, Menomonie, Wisconsin. 2nd ed. D. Van Nostrand Ca., h e . , New York, 1961. viii 631 pp. Figs. and tables. 16.5 X 23.5 cm. $4.95.
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This text is a revision of the first edition which wes reviewed in THIS JOURNAL, 34, A126 (1957). The extensive changes include: a new chapter on compound formation, a more extensive treatment of chemical equations m d reactions, a revised chapter on oxidation and reduction, modernization of the chapter on nuclear trsnsform&ms, more background material on organic chemistry, a eonsiderable increase in the space devoted to biochemistry, updated and reorgani~ed synthesis, and formula or structural dechapters on important industrial fields, terminations. addition of nickel to the limited numbpr of Printing and conceptual errors me rare. MILTONK. SNYDER In general the authors have effectively met& considered, and an improved order The Colomdo College for some d the early chapters. The presented the skeletal concepts of organic Colomdo Springs changes increased the length of the book chemistrv in an interesthe context whieh by 111 pages to over 600 pages. Howpn~vi~lc~n~nplro~rport~~n~t)~f~~rrlal~orrrlior~ ever, since many chapters are not interby thc ir.~lrlwlwr111 fit tlar rrrwl.i uf hi4 dependent, the length is not an objecclass. tionable feature. A Shoe Course in Organic Chemistry C. FREEMANALLEN The selection of illustrations is excellent. Pomona College The chapter summaries are well written Harold Hart and Robert D. Schuetz, Clarmont, California and the inclusion of a section on Principles Michigan State University, East Lanis commendable. The exercises give sing. 2nd ed. Houghton MitRin Co., adequate coverage of quelitatire concepts Boston, 1959. 346 pp. Figs. and and factual material but neglect the tables. 17 X 23.5 em. 56. quantitative aspects of chemistry. A Basic Course in the Theory and The historical material which appears Thir rrxr of :l:U I S H R P ~h;u Iwcn w i t t r n Pmctica of Quadiktive Chemical Anin many places but especially in the early t o prctcrrt O T ~ H I I I V~hcuti.itryto stu~Icnr9 of alysis chapters is skillfully handled and should agriculture, home economics, medicine, help stimulate the reader's interest. and other fields where familiarity with the Robert B. Fischer, Indiana University, The chapter on Common Dangerous more common terminology and concepts Bloomington. W. B. Saunders Co., Materials covers a much-neglected field is required rather than s. chemist's workPhiladeluhia. Pennwlvania. 1961. 2nd in a clear-cut and interestingstylc. ing knowledge. In selecting topics and 501 pp: Figs'and tables. ed. xi The three chapters devoted to bioexamoles to illustrate chemical nrineinles 16.5 X 24 om. $6.75. chemistry and the f i ~ echapters on the the authors have given preference to procindustrial fields of petroleum, plastics, esses and substances, especially those of This book is the second edition of s n synthetic rubber, coatings and detergents biologicd interest, likely ta be encountered earlier work ( T ~ S JOURNAL, 34, 363 are uniformly excellent for thestudent who by non-chemists. The materid seems to (1957)) and has undergone only minor is primarily learning about chemistry be wisely selected, but it is probably imrevision. rather than leaning chemistry as a basis possible to avoid controversial decisions The following items are examples of for rontinued work. I t is in developing in any short text (thus imides are not some of the changes. Answers to all an understanding of and an appreciation discussed but a page is devoted to saponiproblems (not just the add-numbered tor basir theoretical concepts that the fication and iodine numbers). ones) are given. A two-page passage on author of a book of this type experiences The student using this text should have nonaqueous titrations is included. The his greatest difficulty. In the opinion of a working knowledge of first year college subject matter of Chapter 12, Volumetric this reviewer, the author has reached a chemistry topics such as oxidation-reducPrecipitation and Complex Formation reasonable compromise in the difficulttask Methods, now appears in two separate tion, Lewis structures, and calculation of of selecting fundamental concepts to be chapters. The new laboratory experiempirical and molecular formulas. These presented, but sometimes f d a to develop ments include one an the application of are not reviewed. these concepts with sufficientthoroughness ion exchange techniques and several on Chapters covering the functional classes and neglects subsequent opportunities to of organic compounds begin with bydrothe applications of instrumental techemphasize their usefulness. niques (colorimetry, turbidimetry, eleecarbons, and proceed in sequence through In addition to an over-all evaluation of ethers, alcohols and phenols, halogen comtrometry), and the corresponding theoretia book, a textbook reviewer may serve pounds, aldehydes and ketones, csrboxylic cal treatment of these topics has been to warn the instructor who uses it of acids and their derivatives, fats, oils, waxes somewhat expanded and improved. specific weaknesses and to suggest to the The review questions and problem have and detergents, and smines and diazonium (Catinued on page AiS9) undergone little or no change. compounds. Aliphatic and aromatic
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Journal of Chemical Education
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author possible improvements in future editions. I t is to these onds that the following questions are directed. Why devote considerable space to the periodic law hut fail to follow through by treating a t lesst two families of elements in terms of position in the periodic table? Why include, in the appendix, sections on mathematics, the slide rule and logarithms, hut provide less than fifty numerical problems in the entire text? Why neglect to label numerical quantities with the proper units and t o give some attention to significant figures? Why detract from a good general development of the principles of equilibrium by a very superficial treatment of ionic equilibrium? Why not define hydrolysis correct,ly? This concept is defined in four different places, no two being exactly the same and none being completely adequate. Why not place the excellent chapter on Electrochemistry after the chapter on Oxidation and Reduction and use i t as a logical extension of the concepts of oxidation and reduction? Why discuss freezing point lowering without anywhere defining freezing point? Why, especially in a hook about an exact science, make the statement, "You could never cook potatoes over a campfire a t the top of an extremely high mountain."? Having reasonably demonstrated that he really read the book and was not completely carried away by the publisher's glowing account of the virtues of same, the reviewer now feels free to commend the author on a job well done itnd to recommend the product of his labors for serious consideration as a text for a course about rhemistry in a general education program. University of Toledo Toledo, Ohio
Treotise on Analytical Chemistry. Pmrt 2, Analytical Chemistry of the Elements. Volume 5.
I. M. Kolthoff, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and Philip J.Eloing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Interscience Publishers, h e . , New Yark, 1961. xxi 409 pp. Figs. and tables. 16.5 X 24 em. Subscription price, $13.75. Regular price, $15.50.
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For reviews of earlier volumes of the treatise see THIS JOURNAL37, 108J1960); 38, A842, A844, (1961); 39, A52 (1962). The present volume continues consideration of the systematic analytical chemistry of the elements. The chapter on Titanium (60 pages) is written by Edward R. Scheffer. Zirconium and hafnium are thoroughly covered in the 77-page chapter by Richard B. Hahn. F. S. Grimddi bas written the 77-page chapter on thorium, while A. J. Clear and Milton Roth have discussed (99 pages) the analytical chemistry of nitrogen. William Rieman, 111, and John
A132 / Journal of Chemicol Education
Beukanksmp have collaborated in presenting the 85-page chapter on phosphorus. Each chapter follows the organizational plan noted in earlier volumes of this section. Discussions include the oecurrence of the element, its properties and uses. sneeial samnlinx nroblems. auslitx-
several selected laboratory procedures conclude each chapter. Each chapter is well indexed and very thoroughly doeumented. The individual chapters are well written and show evidence of careful editing. The treatment of eaeh element is thorough, though. not exhaustive. Particularly useful is the section in eaeh chapter devoted to critically selected methods. Here the expprience of the individual authors is evident and their judgments merit careful ronsideration. The teacher of analytical chemistry is certain to find much interesting material and many illustrative examples of analytical techniques in this treatise. The chemist faced with an analytical problem involving one of the elements here treated will probably find no better starting place inplanninghis attack.
JOHNR. HAYES l'he Pmnsylvania Slate Uniterstt?~ University Park
Physical Chemistry for Pharmacy and Biology
Students of
S . C. Wallwork, University of Nottingham, England. 2nd ed. Longmans, Green & Co., Inc., New York, 1960. xiv 354 pp. Figs. and tables. 14 X 21.5cm. Paperbound. $3.75.
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Author Wallwork purposes in his hook "to cover 811 the topics in physical chemistry which are required by students of pharmacology and biology." Though shortcomings do exist, he has more than average success in that objective, and his volume ia certain to recruit users from the ranks of premedical and predental students as well. When any standard presentation is adapted to a supporting role, the author faces the question of what elementary explanations to introduce, what advanced topics to omit, and how professionallyoriented t o make the examples. The first of these oonsiderations is served by the opening chapter, Mathematical Preparation. In a dozen pages it reviews the concepts of graphs, exponents, derivatives, and integrals. Even so, the remainder of the hook shows admirable restraint in this respect, using mathematical equations judiciously itnd effectively. The Properties and Constitution of Matter covers in 21 Pages the physical As t o states and phase transitions. choice of coverage, the section on gases for example uses the equation of state fully, hut presents the van der Wads equation without numerical application. Chapters 3 itnd 4 do an excellent job on atomic and molecular structure.
Chapter 5 is devoted to kinetics and catalysis. Mathematical treatment includes the two simplest rate equations, energy of activation by collision theory, and the adsorption isotherm. Special attention is given the latter as extended to enzyme systems. Chapter 6 gives a fairly classic treatment of solutions and their colligative properties; heterogeneous solution equilib ria are included. The rich physiological implieatiom of the chapter are well developed. Equilibrium, moleoular equilibria, and solubility product are quickly disphsed of, then ~ r i n c i ~ aconsideration l is eiven to electrolysis, transport numbers, and conductance. The find 10 pages present entropy and free energy, and develop the reaction isotherm and the Gihbs-Helmholtz equation. Acids and Bases uses Br#nated nomenclature throughout with excellent effectiveness. Pharmacological implications are numerous, and well exploited. Surface Chemistry is the subject of Chapter 10, with adsorption, chromatography, and ion exchange included. Principal emphasis goes however t o the properties and reactions of surf- film.. The chapter, which includes one page on the biological significance of adsorption, is almost entirely qualitative in its approach. The hook concludes with an exeellent 30-page chapter on Colloids. The presentation is well-rounded, even with the expected emphasis on Donnan equilibria. Also logical is the plentiful use of illustrai tions from living systems. Ten detailed laboratory experiments are interspersed through the hook. The experiments are chosen to illustrate basic relationships in physical chemistry, yet to involve no specialized equipment. The list is reminiscent of the laborato~.y work undertaken currently by the special section often set up for the science talented student in general chemistry. A bibliography of 20 specialized sourcea (very largely British) appears in the appendix, but no titles for reading or further study are suggested a t the end of individual chapters. Each ehapter haa a selection of problems, theanswers to which are available in the appendix. The author's writing style is lucid and uncomplicated. British spelling, vocabulary, and usage are of course noticeable, aa "index" and "gradient" for "exponent" and "slope" respectively, and many others. More serious is the repeated use of "strength" or "quantity," when "eoncentration" is the desired meaning. I n any such hook the topics selected for inclusion, and the relative weight given eaeh, are necessarily matters of opinion. Wallwork has chosen wisely and laid his emphases well. It may be mildly regretted that absolute rate theory, as well as the concepts of work and maximum work go unmentioned, while four pages are devoted to multiple fractional extraction. Very serious underemphasis is given the topic of radiochemistry. Neither that word nor "tracer" appears in the index; the brief treatment given (less than a page) is found under "isotopes."
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(CmUinucd on page A134)
