J. Org. Chem. 1993,58, 3703-3711
3703
Iodine Monobromide (IBr) at Low Temperature: Enhanced Diastereoselectivity in Electrophilic Cyclizations of Homoallylic Carbonates James J.-W. Duan and Amos B. Smith, 111' Department of Chemistry, the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter, and the Monell Chemical Senses Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 Received February 16,1993
Iodine monobromide affords superior diastereoselectivityin low-temperature electrophiliccyclizations of homoallylic carbonates. Solvent and temperature effects and the scope and limitations of the method are discussed; optimal selectivityis obtained in toluene at -80 to -86 OC. The latter protocol generally furnishes significantly enhanced selectivity, vis-&vis the original procedure employing IZ in acetonitrile at -20 OC; for example, the IBr-induced cyclization of 14 affords a 25.81 mixture of 15 and 16, whereas 12 gives an 8.4:l ratio. An equilibration experiment established that the diastereoselectivity derives primarily or exclusively from kinetic control of the cyclization process. Epoxide moieties serve as important structural elements in many natural products of interest to the chemical and biomedical communities;prominent examples include the periplanones,l@bphyllanthoatatins,'c dynemicins,ldand the neocarzinostatin chromophore AelW In many cases, this functionality is essential for biological activity. Epoxides are also valuable synthetic intermediates because they react efficiently with a variety of carbon, hydrogen, and heteroatom nucleophiles.2 Aa a result, the diastereoselective and asymmetric preparations of epoxides have attracted considerable attention during the last 2 dec a d e ~ . ~ JIn connection with our calyculin synthetic venture: we became interested in the conversion of homoallylic alcohol (+)-lto epoxide 2. Numerous published reports indicated that the direct epoxidation of simple homoallylic alcohols, either with peracids or hydroperoxide-transition metal reagents, generally proceeds with very modest These precedents
foreshadowed the unsatisfactory results obtained in the epoxidation of our calyculin intermediate. For example, reaction of (+)-lwith t-BuOOH/VO(acac)Z' afforded a 3:2 mixture of (-)-2 and the unwanted diastereomeric epoxide.
Our search for a more effective approach led w to the iodocarbonate cyclization. In 1981, Cardillolk first described the diastereoselectiveiodine-induced electrophilic cyclization of homoallylic lithium carbonates [3(R= Li) 4, Scheme 11. One year later, Bartlett reported that similar yields and isomer ratios could be achieved by treatment of the corresponding tert-butyl, benzyl, 6methoxybenzyl, and 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl carbonates with (1)(a) Pereoons, C. J.; Verwiel, P. E.J.; Ritter, F. J.; Talman, R. E.; Nooijen, P. J. F.; Nooijen,W. J. TetrahedronLett. 1976,2056. (b) Still, iodine in acetonitrile at -20 OC.ll The less reactive methyl W. C. J. Am. Chem. SOC.1979,101,2493.(c)Pettit, G. R.; Cragg, G.M.; carbonates (3, R = Me), on the other hand, proved to be Suffness, M. I.; Gust, D.; Boettner, F. E.;Williams, M.; Saenz-Renauld, inferior because higher temperatures were required.1Ob. J. A.; Brown, P.; Schmidt,J. M.; Ellis,P. D. J . Org.Chem. 1984,49,4268. (d)fonishi, M.; Ohkuma, H.; Tsuno,T.;Oki, T.;VauDuyne,G.D.; Clardy, As outlined in Scheme I, the resultant six-membered iodo J. .Am. Chem. SOC. 1990,112,3715.(e)Napier, M. A.; Holmquiat, B.; carbonates 4 are versatile intermediates which readily Strydom, D. J.; Goldberg, I. H. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1979, 89,6v..(f)Koide,Y.;Iahii,F.;Haeuda,K.;Koyama,Y.;Edo,K.;Katamine,furnish (a) epoxy alcohols 5, as required for the calyculins S.;Kitkme,P.;Iehida, N. J.Antibiot. 1980,33,342.(B) Suzuki,H.;Miwa, (3 equiv of K&Os in methanol or Amberlyst 26-A, OHK.; Kumada, Y.;Takeuchi, T.; Tanaka, N. Biochem. Biophys. Rea. form in methano1),lobJ1(b) methyl carbonate derivatives Commun. 1980,94,265. (2)For reviews of preparations and synthetic applications of epoxides, 6 (1.1 equiv of KzCOs in methanol and water)," (c) see: (a) Sharpleas, K. B.;Verhoeven, T . R. Aldrichim. Acta 1979,12,63. Alsosea: Finn,M. G.;Sharplees,K.B.InAsymmetricSynthesis;Morrieon, iodohydrins 7 (1equiv of KzCOs in methanol at 0 OC),ll J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1988;Vol. 5,pp 247-308. (b)Rao, (d) triols 8 (Amberlyst 26-A, Cos2. form in benzene),lob A. 5.;Paknikar, S.K.; Kirtane, J. G. Tetrahedron 1983,39,2323. (c) (e) diols 9 (lithium aluminum hydride),ll and (f) cyclic N i t e r , B.E.In Asymmetric Synthesis; Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic carbonates 10 (tributyltin hydride)." Press: New York, 1988; Vol. 6,pp 193-246.
(3)For leading references to more recent contributions, see: (a) Sharpleas, K. B.;Amberg, W.; Bennani, Y. L.;Criepino, G. A.; Hartung, J.; Jeong, K.-S.; Kwong,H.-L; Morikawa,K.; Wang,Z.-M.; Xu, D.; Zhang, X.-L. J. Org. Chem. 1992,57,2769.(b) Jacobwn, E.N.; Zhang, W.; Muci, A. R.; Ekker, J. R.; Deng, L.J . Am. Chem. SOC.1991,113,7063. (4)(a) Smith, A. B.,III; Duan, J. J.-W.; Hull,K. G.; Salvatore, B. A. TetrahedronLett. 1991,32,4655.(b) Smith, A. B.,III; Salvatore, B.A.; Hull,K. G.; Duan, J. J.-W. TetrahedronLett. 1991,32,4659.(c)Smith, A. B., III; Duan, J. J.-D.; Hull, K. G.; Salvatore, B. S.;Bertouneeque, E. Abstracts of Papera, 203rd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, CA, Spring 1992; American Chemical Society: Wadhgton DC, 1992;ORGN 216. (5)McDonald, R.N.; Steppel, R. N.; Domy, J. E. Org. Synth. 1970, 50,15. 0022-3263/93/1958-37Q3$04.00IO
-
(6)Sharpleas,K. B.;Michaeleon, R. C . J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1973,fX, 6136. (7) (a)Fukuyama, T.;Vraneeic, B.;Negri,D. P.; Kiehi, Y.Tetrahedron Lett. 1978,2741. (b) Mihelich, E.D.; Daniels, K.; Eickhoff, D. J. J. Am. Chem. SOC.1981,103,7690. (8) Bartlett,P. A.; Jembdt, K. K. J . Am. Chem.SOC.1977,99,4829. (9)Roeeiter, B. E.;Sharpleee, K. B. J. Org. Chem. 1964,49,3707. (10)(a) Cardillo, G.; Orena, M.; Porei, G.; Sandri, S.J. Chem. SOC., Chem. Commun. 1981,465. (b) Bo-, A,; Cardillo, G.; Orena, M.; Porzi, G.; Sandri, S. J. Org.Chem. 1982,47,4626. (WBartlett, P. A.; Meadow, J. D.; Brown, E. G.; Morimoto, A.; Jernstedt, K. K. J. Org. Chem. 1982,47,4013. Q 1993 American
Chemical Society
3704
Duan and Smith
J. Org. Chem., Vol. 58, No. 14, 1993
Table I. Optimization of the IBr-Induced Cyclization of (+)-11
Scheme I 0
0
0
II
/ '
O K 0
O K ,
entry 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8
"I+" I2
IBr IBr IBr IBr IBr IBr IBr
(+)-12
(t)-13
conditions CHsCN, -20 "C, 6.5 h CHsCN, -20 "C, 15 min CH2C12,-20 OC, 15 min CH2C12, -85 OC, 15 min CH2C12, -94 O C , 15 min EhO,-110 "C, 15 min PhMe, -20 "C, 30 min PhMe, -80 to -85 OC, 11 hf
(12
yield, %
ratio
+ 13)O
(12/13)
79 67 75 74 83 75 e 85
5.7:lb 3.1:lc 3.31* 7.7:ld 8.7:ld 7.3:ld 6.7:lb 13.91b
After flash chromatography. b Determined by 125-MHz1SCNMR analysis of crude mixture. Determined by separation via flash chromatography. Determined by 5oo-MHz lH NMR analysis of crude mixture. e Not determined. f Reaction time for 52.7 mmol of (+)-11.
For our calyculin program, the iodine-induced carbonate cyclization of 11,the tert-butyl carbonate derived from 1, furnished an encouraging 5.7:l isomer ratio (uide infra). In an effort to enhance the diastereoselectivity of this transformation, we next investigated the use of iodine monobromide (IBr) as electrophile.12J3 In this full account, we describe the development of a highly effective new protocol for low-temperature, IBr-induced cyclization of diverse homoallylic carbonates. Iodine Monobromide-InducedCyclization: An Interesting Interplay of Solvent and Temperature Effects. Because the cationic leaving groups (e.g., tertbutyl, benzyl) have previously exerted little effect on selectivity," tert-butyl carbonates were employed throughout this study. As noted above, exposure of carbonate (+)-11to Bartlett's original donditions (iodine in acetonitrile at -20 "C) furnished a 5.7:l mixture of the desired and the epimer (+)-1314(Table I, entry 1). isomer (+)-W4 We anticipated that the selectivity could be improved by lowering the reaction temperature; however, even at -20 "C the cyclization proceeded relatively slowly, suggesting that a more reactive electrophilic reagent might be required. The relatively high melting point of acetonitrile (-48 "C) prompted us to consider alternative solvents as well, but the 1 2 cyclizationsreportedly proceeded smoothly only in CHsCN; other solvents such as CHzCl2 and CC4 afforded low yields of intractable mixtures.'l Iodine monobromide,l5 a potent electrophile toward olefinic bonds,16reacted readily with (+)-lla t -20 "C in acetonitrile; indeed, the dramatic rate increase relative to (12) Fora preliminary communication,see: Duan,J. J.-W.; Sprengeler, P. A.; Smith, A. B., 111. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33,6439. (13) Taken in part from the PbD. dissertation of J. J.-W. Duan, University of Pennsylvania, 1992. (14) All new compoundsgavesatisfactoryinfrared, ~m-O) l 5 'HNMR, and 125-MHz 1% NMR spectra, as well as appropriate parent ion identification by high resolution mass spectrometry. (15) Iodine monobromidewas purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc. and used without purification. (16) White, E. P.; Roberson, P. W. J. Chem. SOC. 1939, 1059.
iodine led to complete conversion within 15 min (Table I, entry 2). This result set the stage for the investigation of new solvents and lower temperatures. In contrast with molecular iodine, iodine monobromide induced efficient carbonate cyclization in methylene chloride. As the temperature was decreased from -20 to -94 "C (liquid nitrogen/hexane bath), the isomer ratio improved from 3.3:l to 8.7:l (entries 3-5). We also carried out the reaction at -110 "C (liquid nitrogen/carbon disulfide bath) in ether (entry 61, but this variation offered no advantage. It is noteworthy that the IBr cyclizations in both CH&N and CHzClzat -20 "C were less selective than Bartlett's method (3.1-3.3:l vs 5.7:1, entries 1-3). Thus, the enhancement achieved at -94 "C with IBr in CHzC12 derived solely from temperature effects. Interestingly, when the IBr-induced cyclization of (+)11 was performed in toluene at -80 to -85 "C (dry ice/ diethyl ether bath),17the selectivity improved significantly to 13.9:l (Table I, entry 8). The superiority of toluene as solvent was further demonstrated by the generation of a 6.7:l mixture of (+)-12 and (+)-13 at -20 "C (entry 7; cf., entries 2 and 3). At this temperature, IBr in toluene also provided better selectivity than the Bartlett iodine/ acetonitrile protocol (cf., entry 1). Solvent effects in the IBr cyclizations were further investigated with the readily available carbonate (~k1-14,~~ as summarized in Table 11. Best results (25.8:l ratio of diastereomeric iodocarbonates (f)-1514and (f)-16,1495 % yield) were again obtained in toluene at -80 to -85 "C (entry 5). DME proved inferior to both toluene and methylene chloride (entry 3), whereas THF not unexpectedly led to a complex product mixture (entry 2). The (17) In view of the limitedsolubilityof iodine monobromidein toluene at low temperature, the cyclizationwas not attempted at temperatures below -85 "C in this solvent. At -80 to -85 OC, increases in scale necessitated longer reaction times. For example, the cyclization of 6.2 mmol of (+)-I1 was complete within 6 h whereas a 52.7-mmol reaction with this substrate required 11 h. However, the selectivity remained consistent.
-
Electrophilic Cyclizations of Homoallylic Carbonates Table 11. Iodocarbonate Cyclizations of (*)-la
A
mu0
Q
-
lodoarb#ul.
cydi"
(4-14
0
0
yield, % ratio entrv *I+* conditions (15 + 16)" (15/16)b . . . . 1 IBr hexane, -80 to -85 OC, 30 min, 73d 7.7:l then -45 OC, 30 minC IBr THF, -80 to -85 O C , 30 min e e IBr DME, -80 to -85 OC, 30 min 89 10.01 IBr CH2C12, -80 to -85 "C, 30 min 90 12.3:l IBr toluene, -80 to -85 OC, 30 min 95 25.81 CHaCN, -20 "C, 30 min 90 8.4:l 12 IC1 CH2C12, -80 to -85 OC, 30 min 85 5.8:l a After flashchromatography. b Determined by 125-MHz W NMR analysis of crude mixture. IBr did not dissolve in hexane at -80 to -85 OC. Some 14 also recovered. e Complex product mixture.
utility of hexane as solvent is limited by the extremely low solubility of IBr at low temperature (entry 1). Finally, we note that iodine monochloride in dichloromethane at -80 to -85 "C furnished significantly lower selectivity than IBr under similar conditions (5.8:lvs. 12.3:1,entries 7 and 4). Treatment of iodocarbonate (+)-12 withKzC03(3equiv) in dry methanol furnished the desired epoxide (-)-214 required for our calyculin synthesis, in 83% yield (Scheme 11). In contrast with the 3:2 diastereomer mixture generated in the t-BuOOH/VO(acac)zepoxidation of (+)-l, the three-step sequence employing the new cyclization protocol provided the epoxide in 60% overall yield with 13.9:l selectivity. Scheme I1
1
a) nBuU. E120 b) BCGON. THF
(+)-11
(01%)
(+)-12
Evaluation of IBr and I2 in the Cyclization of Diverse Homoallylic Carbonates. We next compared the published Iz/CH&N procedure with our IBr/CHZClz and IBr/PhMe protocols for the cyclization of structurally diverse substrates. The results are summarized in Tables I11 and IV. The cyclizations outlined in Table I11 were effected with 3 equiv of iodine in acetonitrile at -20"C for 5-10 h or with 1.5-2.0equiv of iodine monobromide at -80
J. Org. Chem., Vol. 58, No. 14, 1993 3705
to -85 "C,either in methylene chloridela for 30 min or in toluene for 0.5-1 h. In the latter experiments, the limited solubility of IBr in toluene at -80 to -85 "C necessitated the addition of the reagent as a 1.0 M dichloromethane solution. I3r generally furnished higher diastereomer ratios in toluene than in methylene chloride, whereas iodine in acetonitrile was the least selective. The functionalized substrates (+)-26 and (+)-28 (entries 6 and 7) cyclized readily upon exposureto iodine monobromide;the factors responsible for diminishedselectivity in these cases remain to be elucidated. In contrast, (+)-26 failed to react with iodine, even at room temperature. Iodine reportedly reacts smoothly with diene carbonate (*I-30 to give the desired cyclization product (f)-31with 6.51selectivity (Table IV, entry l).I1 Unfortunately, the IBr protocols led to complex mixtures of products with this substrate (entries 2 and 3). Addition of IBr to the isolated olefin in (f)-30 was competitive even when only 0.75 equiv of the electrophile was used (entry 3). Thus, IBr cannot usually be employed for the cyclizations of polyolefinic substrates. Carbonates 33 and 34 also failed to react cleanly with IBr or I2 under various conditions, presumably because these substrates are both sterically hindered and unusually labile.
I
1 O Y O 0-CBU
33: P-PMB 34: P-Ac (BPS I CBUPh?SI)
Kinetic vs Thermodynamic Control. As noted earlier, cyclization of (f)-14 with IBr in CHZC12 at -80 to -85 "C for 30 min furnished a 12.3:l mixture of (f)-15 and (*)-16 in 90% yield. To probe for equilibration, an equimolar mixture of starting tert-butyl carbonate (f)-14 and the minor product isomer ( i ) - l 6 was resubmitted to the reaction conditions. The recovery of a 0.941.0mixture of (*)-Eand (f)-16 indicated that the selectivity in the IBr-induced cyclization derives primarily or exclusively from kinetic control. Stereochemical Assignments for the Cyclic Iodo Carbonates. The relative configurations of cyclic carbonates 18, 19,21,22,24, and 25 (Table 111, entries 3-5) were determined spectroscopically via comparison with data reported in ref 11. For 27a,b and 29a,b (Table 111, entries 6 and 7) the relative stereochemistry was not elucidated. Initialassignmenta for 12,13,15,and 16 (Table 111,entries 1 and 21,based upon literature precedents for similar reactions,lOJ1were supported by analysis of the lH NMR coupling constants for the carbonate rings (Table V). Specifically, carbonate (+)-12 is likely to adopt achair conformation with small axial-equatorial couplings for H1-H3 and Hz-Hs; the coupling constants both proved to be 2.7 Hz. In contrast, carbonate (+)-13would be expected to assume a twist-boat conformation, in accord with the observed HI-H~and Hz-H3 coupling constants of 5.4 and 6.7Hz, respectively. Similarly, the chair conformation of (18)Although optimal Selectivity with iodine/dichloromethae was obtained at -94 O C (liquid nitrogen/hexane bath), a dry icelether bath afforded superior temperature regulation (-80 to -86 "C).
Duan and Smith
3706 J. Org. Chem., Vol. 58, No. 14, 1993
Table 111. Evaluation of the I*/CH&N, IBr/CHzCla, and IBr/PhMe Protocols for Cyclization of Diverse Homoallylic Carbonates entry starting material products14 conditione ratie yield,b % 9 ?! R IdCHaCN 5.7:l 79 8.7:l Gr/CkzC12 83 reuoX0r PA? 85 IBr/PhMe 13.91 OBn
oy$%oen
Ia/CHgCN IBr/CH&12 IBr/PhMe
8.41 12.31 25.81
90 90 96
Ia/CHsCN IBr/CH&lZ IBr/PhMe
101' 141 21.1:l
77 87 89
IdCHaCN IBr/CH&l2 IBr/PhMe
6-61' 18.81
91 87 87
Ia/CH&N IBr/CH&12 IBr/PhMe
4 '1 6.61 6.4:l
88 89 86
Ia/CH&N IBr/CHzClz IBr/PhMe
-
no rxn*
1.7:lf 3.41
w
Ia/CHaCN IBr/CH&lZ IBr/PhMe
-
h 61J h
12ld
1.6lf
-
61
NMR analysis of crude mixture unless otherwise stated. Total yield (both diastereomers) after flash 0 Determined by 125-MHz chromatography. Result reported in ref 11. Reaction performed at -94 "C. e No reaction after 8 h a t -20 "C and 1 h at room temperature. f Ratio determined via separation by flash chromatography. 8 Relative configurations of products not determined. h Reaction not carried out. i Overall yield for two steps from corresponding diol.
Table IV. Iodocarbonate Cyclization of Diene (*)-30 0 C S " 0 ~ 0
(*I-=
(f1-31
entry 1
conditions 12 (3equiv), CHsCN, -20 "C
IBr (2 equiv), CH2C12, -78 OC, 30 min 3 IBr (0.75equiv), PhMe, -80 to -85 "C, 3 h 'Result reported in ref 11. 2
result 69% yield, 31/32 = 6.51' complex mixture complex mixture containing (d+30
(*I-15 gave rise to two large axial-axial couplings (H1-H4 and Hz-H4, both 11.8Hz) and two small axial-equatorial couplings (HI-H~and Hz-H3, both 3.0 Hz). All coupling constants for (*)-16 were in the range 4.7-6.8 Hz, probably indicative of a twist-boat.
Preparation of the Homoallylic Carbonates. In general, the homoallylic tert-butyl carbonates employed in this study were prepared from the corresponding hydroxy compounds. Alcohols (+)-land (+)-35, the carbinol precursor of 28, serve as synthetic intermediates in our calyculin pr0ject.k Both 1-hepten-4-01 [(i)-36] and 4-penten-2-01 [(i)-371 are commercially available. trans-2-Hepten-5-01 [(*)-381 was obtained in two steps from 1,2-epoxybutane [(*)-39, Scheme 1111: boron trifluoride etherate-promoted epoxide openinglo with propynyllithium furnished alcohol (i)-4014in 81% yield, and reduction of the latter with lithium in liquid ammonia20 then furnished (*)-38 (84%). Sulfide (+)-4214was prepared in 73% yield from the known aldehyde 4121 by sequential treatment with 2-[Y-(MOM0)allylldiisopinocamphey1boranea and trimethylamineN-oxide.29 Noteworthy here is the selective oxidation of the boronate complex in the presence of a sulfide moiety. (19) Eis, M.J.;Wrobel,J. E.; Ganem, B. J. Am. Chem. SOC.1984,206, 3693. (20) (a) Birch,A. J. Quort.Reu. 1950,4,69. (b)Harvey,R. G. Synthesis 1970,161. (21) Chu, D. T. W. J. Org. Chem. 1983,48,3571. (22) Brown, H. C.; Jadhav, P. K.; Bhat, K. S . J.Am. Chem. SOC.1988, 110,1535. (23) Kabalka, G. W.; Hedgecock, H. C., Jr. J. Org. Chem. 1976,40, 1776.
Electrophilic Cyclizations of Homoallylic Carbonates
J. Org. Chem., Vol. 58, No. 14, 1993 3707
Table V. lH NMR Coupling Conrtantr (Hz)for Cyclic Carbonates 12, 13, 15 and 16.
2.7 5.4 H1-H3 Hl-HI 2.7 HrHs -6.7 HZ-H4 a Determined via 500-MHz 1H homonuclear decoupling. H3 and H c not distinguished.
*
3.0
4.9,6.8*
11.8
4.7. 6.5b
3.0
11.8
Table VI. Preparation of tert-Butyl Carbonate Derivatives of Homoallylic Alcohols alcohol carbonate" yield: entry substrate ( R = H ) (R=BOC) % 1 y (+)-l (+)-11 91 Bn
i
2
3 4 41
5
\ 1a-j
A
(&)-36
(*)-14
96
2
(&)-37
(1)-17
94
(*)-38
(&)-23
96
(+)-42
(+)-26
95
a
(+W
tert-Butyl carbonated4 11, 14, 17,23,26, and 28 were prepared in excellent yields from the corresponding homoallylic alcohols via deprotonation with n-butyllithium followed by reaction with 2-[[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)oxylimino]-2-phenylacetonitrile [BOC-ON, 1.1equiv] (Table VI). Carbonate (A)-20, the cis-isomer of (*)-23, was prepared from alcohol (*)-40 via tert-butyl carbonate formation with n-butyllithium/BOC-ONfollowed by palladium/barium sulfate-catalyzed ~emihydrogenation~~ (Scheme IV). Scheme IV Et@, JHF (61%)
2) Ha PY rW-8.soI (83%)
OC. After 30 min the cold reaction mixture was quickly transferred through a 12-gaugecannula to a solution of BOC-ON (10.01 g, 40.7 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (40 mL) at 0 O C . The resultant mixture was stirred for 4 h at room temperature and then washed with 2 N aqueous NaOH (2 X 75 mL) and brine (75 mL). The combined aqueous phases were extracted with ether (2 X 60 mL), and the combined extracts were dried (MgSO,),
-/A
1) t~-BuLl,BOC-ON
(f)-M
a Typicalreactionconditions:n-butyllithium (1.1equiv)was added to an ethereal solution of substrate at -78 "C. After 30 min the cold mixture was quickly added via a cannula to a THF solution of BOCON (1.1equiv) at 0 OC. The resultant mixture was then stirred a t room temperature for 4 h. After flash chromatography. Bis(carbonate) formation.
bBu0
(*I-
Summary. A new protocol employing iodine monobromide in toluene or methylene chloride at low temperature furnishes significantlyenhanced diastereoselectivity in cyclizations of homoallylic tert-butyl carbonates. We anticipate that IBr may also afford increased selectivity in iodocarbonate cyclization of allylic substrates,1° i o d o l a c t ~ n i z a t i o nand , ~ ~ i~o~d~o e t h e r i f i c a t i ~ n . ~ ~ ~ Experimental Section% tert-Butyl Carbonate (+)-11. n-Butyllithium (2.5 M in hexane, 16.3 mL, 40.7 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of alcohol (+)-l& (8.138 g, 37.0 mmol) in ether (100 mL) at -78 (24) (a) Cram, D. J.; Winger, N. L. J.Am. Chem. SOC. 1966,78,2518. (b) Johnson, F.; Paul, K. G.; Farara, D. J. Org. Chem. 1982,47, 4254. (26) (a) For a review of halolactonhation,see: Dowle, M. D.; Davies, D. I. Chem. SOC. Rev. 1979,8, 171. (b) Bartlett, P. A. In Asymmetric Synthesis;Morrison, J. D., Ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1984; Vol. 3, pp 411-454. (c) Semple, J. E.; Joulli6, M. M. Heterocycles 1980,14, 1825. (d) Rychnovaky, S. D.; Bartlett, P. A. J.Am. Chem. SOC.1981,103, 3963. (e)Marek, I.; Lefrancois,J.-M.; Normant,J.-F. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992,33, 1747.
(26) Materials and Methods. Reactions were carried out in oven- or flame-driedglasswareunder an argonatmosphere,unless otherwisenoted. AU solventswere reagent grade. Diethylether and tetrahydrofuran(THF) were freshly distilled from sodium/benzophenoneunder argon. Dichloromethane and benzene were freshly distilled from calcium hydride. n-Butyllithium was standardized by titration with menthol/triphenylmethane. Unlessstated otherwise, all reactionswere magnetically stirred and monitored by thin-layer chromatography using E. Merck 0.25." precoated silica gel plates. Flash Chromatographywas performed with the indicated solventsusing silica gel-60 (particle size 0.040-0.062 mm) supplied by E. Merck. Yields refer to chromatographically and spectroscopically pure compounds, unless otherwise stated. Melting points were determined on a Bristoline heated-stage microscope or a ThomasHoover apparatusand are corrected. IR and NMR spectrawere measured in CHCg and CDCla solutions, respectively, unless otherwise noted. Infrared spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer Model 283B spectrometerwith polystyreneas externalstandard. 1H and '*C NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AM-500 spectrometar; chemical shifts are reported relative to internal tetramethylsilane(8 0.00) and chloroform (8 77.0), respectively. Optical rotations were obtained with a Perkin-Elmer Model 241 polarimeter in the indicated solvent. High resolution mass spectra were measured at the University of Pennsylvania Mass Spectrometry Service Center on either a VG Micromass70/70Hor VG ZAB-E spectrometer. Microanalyseswere performedby RobertsonLaboratories, Madison, NJ. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was carried out with a Ranin analytical/semipreparativesystem.
3708 J. Org. Chem., Vol. 58, No.14, 1993 filtered, and concentrated. Flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate, 95:5) furnished (+)-ll(10.66 g, 90% yield) as a colorless oil: Rf 0.61 (hexane/ethyl acetate, 8020); [Ct]=D +33.7' (c 1.07, CHCl3); IR (CHCb) 3070 (w), 3060 (w), 3020 (w), 3000 (m), 2970 (m), 2940 (m), 2860 (m), 1740 (81,1640 (w), 1495 (w), 1475 (w), 1450 (m), 1405 (w), 1390 (m), 1370 (s), 1280 (s), 1255 (s), 1155 (s), 1090 (s), 1020 (w), 990 (w), 915 (m), 845 (m), 685 (w) cm-l; lH NMR (500 MHz, CDCls) 6 1.04 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 3 H), 1.47 (8, 9 H), 1.80-1.85 (m, 1 H), 1.89-1.95 (m, 1 H), 2.43-2.48 (m, 1 H), 3.46-3.54 (m, 2 H), 4.48 (ABq, Jm = 11.9 Hz, A Y = ~6.4 Hz, 2 H), 4.77 (ddd, J = 3.1,6.4,9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.03-5.08 (m, 2 H), 5.76 (ddd, J = 7.2, 10.1, 17.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.25-7.33 (m, 5 H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) 6 15.3, 27.8, 31.8, 41.8, 66.9, 73.1, 77.4, 81.6, 115.6,127.5,127.7,128.3,128.4,139.4,153.5; high resolutionmass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 338.2364 [(M + NH4)+,calcd for ClsH32NO4 338.23321. Anal. Calcd for C1sHa01: C, 71.22; H, 8.81. Found: C, 70.97; H, 8.64. Iodo Carbonates (+)-12 and (+)-13. Method A: Iodine in Acetonitrile. A solution of tert-butyl carbonate (+)-11(751 mg, 2.35 mmol) in acetonitrile (30 mL) at -20 "C was treated with iodine (1.97 g, 7.76 mmol) and stirred for 6.5 h. The cold bath was replaced with a room temperature water bath, and an aqueous solution containing 20% NazS203,5 % NaHCOs (25mL), and ether (50 mL) were then added. The organic phase was washed with brine (25 mL), the combined aqueous layers were extracted with ether (2 X 10 mL), and the combined organic solutions were dried (MgSOd),filtered, and concentrated. NMR analysis (125MHz l3C) showed that the crude product comprised a 5.7:l mixture of iodo carbonates (+)-12 and (+)-13. Flash chromatography (hexane/ethylacetate, 75:25) afforded amisture of (+)-12 and (+)-13 (723 mg, 79% yield) as a yellow liquid. Method B: Iodine Monobromide in Dichloromethane. A solution of (+)-11 (9.06 g, 28.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (250 mL) at -94 OC (liquid nitrogen/hexane bath) was treated with iodine monobromide (11.7 g, 56.6 mmol) and stirred for 30 min. After the cold bath was replaced with a room temperature water bath, an aqueous solution containing 20 % NazS203,5 % NaHCO3 (300 mL), and ether (500 mL) was added. The organic phase was washed with brine (300 mL), the combined aqueous solutions were extracted with ether (2 X 100mL), and the combined organic layers were dried (MgS04), filtered, and concentrated. NMR analysis (125 MHz 13C) indicated that the crude product comprised an 8.7:l mixture of (+)-12 and (+)-13. Flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate, 75:25) gave pure (+)-12 (8.03 g, 73% yield) as a yellow liquid. Method C: Iodine Monobromide in Toluene. Iodine monobromide (1.0 M in dichloromethane, 94.9 mL, 94.9 mmol) was slowly added dropwise to a solution of (+)-ll(16.9 g, 52.7 mmol) in toluene (600 mL) at -80 to -85 O C (dry ice/ether bath). After 11 h the mixture was warmed to 0 OC and an aqueous solution containing 20% NazSaOa, and 5 % NaHC03 (300 mL), and ether (500 mL) were added. The organic phase was washed with brine (300 mL), the combined aqueous layers were extracted with ether (2 X 100 mL), and the combined organic solutions were dried (MgSOd), filtered, and concentrated. NMR analysis (125MHz W) showed that the crude product comprised a 13.91 mixture of (+)-12 and (+)-13. Flash chromatography (hexane/ ethyl acetate, 75:25) furnished pure (+)-12 (16.3 g, 79% yield) as a yellow liquid. Major Diastereomer (+)-12: yellow liquid; Rf0.50 (hexane/ ethyl acetate, 50:50); [aI2'D +36.1° (c 1.00, CHC1,); IR (CHCb) 3020 (w), 3000 (w), 2920 (w), 2860 (w), 1750 (81,1450 (w), 1365 (m), 1225 (w), 1190 (m), 1166 (w), 1110 (s), 1040 (w) cm-l; lH NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) 6 0.92 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3 H), 1.85-1.92 (m, 1 H), 1.98-2.04 (m, 1 H), 2.39-2.45 (m, 1 H), 3.11 (dd, J = 9.9,lO.l Hz, 1H), 3.37 (dd, J = 5.5,lO.l Hz, 1H), 3.62 (td,J = 4.9, 9.6 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (dt, J = 4.1, 9.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.51 (ABq, Jm = 11.8 Hz, Avm = 21.5 Hz, 2 H), 4.67 (ddd, J = 2.9,5.5,9.9 Hz, 1H),4.72 (ddd,J = 2.5,4.4,8.8Hz,lH),7.28-7.38(m,5H);13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) 6 0.7, 3.3, 31.4, 32.5, 65.3, 73.4, 79.6, 81.8, 127.7, 127.8, 128.5, 137.9, 148.0; high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NHs) m/z 408.0638 [(M + NH4)+,calcd for C1bHaIN04 408.06721. Minor Diaetereomer (+)-13. An analytical sample was prepared by HPLC (hexane/ethyl acetate, 67:33): yellow liquid; Rf 0.41 (hexane/ethyl acetate, 5050); [(Y]%D + 44.0' (c 1.11, CHC13);IR (CHCls) 3020 (w), 3000 (w), 2960 (w), 2920 (w), 2860
Dum and Smith (w), 1750 (e), 1450 (w), 1380 (m), 1300 (w), 1180 (m), 1160 (m), 1110(m, br), 1080 (m),1020 (w) cm-l; lH NMR (500 MHz, CDCls) 6 1.06 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 3 H), 1.87-1.92 (m, 2 H), 2.39-2.42 (m, 1 H), 3.40 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 2 H), 3.62-3.70 (m, 2 H), 4.18 (td,J = 5.4, 5.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.52 (ABq, JAB= 11.8 Hz, AYM 16.8 Hz, 2 H), 4.63 (dt, J = 3.8,6.7 Hz, lH), 7.28-7.37 (m, 5 H); '3C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) 6 5.1, 11.8, 31.2, 32.9, 65.4, 73.4, 75.6, 81.4, 127.7, 128.5, 137.9, 148.0; high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NHs) m/z408.0691 [(M + NH,)+,calcd for C1&l~IN0~408.06721. tert-Butyl Carbonate (*)-14. Via a procedure analogous to that employed in the preparation of carbonate (+)-ll, alcohol (f)-36 (3.307 g, 29.0 mmol) was converted to (*)-14. Flash chromatography (hexane/ether, 97.52.5) gave the product (5.983 g,96% yield) asapaleyellowliquid R10.53 (hexanelethylacetate, 90:lO);IR (CHC13) 3020 (w), 3000 (w),2960 (m), 2930 (w), 2870 (w), 1735 (s), 1645 (w), 1465 (w), 1455 (w), 1390 (w), 1370 (m), 1280 (s), 1250 (m), 1155 (s), 1090 (w), 910 (w), 820 (w) cm-1; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) 6 0.92 (t,J = 7.3 Hz, 3 H), 1.30-1.46 (m, 2 H), 1.48 (8, 9 H), 1.49-1.62 (m, 2 H), 2.32-2.35 (m, 2 H), 4.684.73 (m, 1H), 5.05-5.12 (m, 2 H), 5.74-5.82 (m, 1H); '3C NMR (125 MHz, CDCls) 6 13.9, 18.6,27.8,35.8,38.8,76.4,81.6,117.6, 133.7, 153.5; high resolution maas spectrum (CI, NHs) m/z 232.1914 [(M + NH4)+,calcd for ClaHpsNOa 232.19121. Iodo Carbonates (*)-15 and (*)-16. Method A Iodine in Acetonitrile. Via a procedure analogous to that employed in the preparation of (+)-12 and (+)-13, a solution of carbonate (f)-14 (276 mg, 1.29 mmol) in acetonitrile (12 mL) was treated with iodine (983mg, 3.87 mmol) at -20 OC for 9 h. NMR analysis (125MHz 13C) showed that the crude product comprised an 8.4:l mixture of (k)-lS and (*)-16. Flash chromatography (hexane/ ether, 2080) gave (f)-15 and (*)-16 (330 mg, 90% yield) as a partially separable mixture. An analytical sample of each isomer was obtained by collecting nonoverlapping fractions. Method B: IodineMonobromideinDichloromethane. Via a procedure analogous to that employed in the preparation of (+)-12 and (+)-13, a solution of carbonate (f)-14 (1.70 g, 7.92 mmol) in dichloromethane (60 mL) was treated with iodine monobromide (3.28 g, 15.8 mmol) at -80 to -85 OC (ref 18) for 30 min. NMR analysis (125 MHz lac)indicated that the crude product comprised a 12.31 mixture of (*)-l5 and (*)-16. Flash chromatography (hexane/ether, 2080) afforded (*I-15 and (*)16 (2.04 g, 91% yield) as a partially separable mixture. An analytical sample of each isomer was obtained by collecting nonoverlapping fractions. Method C: Iodine Monobromide in Toluene. Via a procedure analogous to that employed in the preparation of (+)12and (+)-13,asolutionofcarbonate(*)-14 (107mg,0.500mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was treated with iodine monobromide (1.0 M in dichloromethane, 0.75 mL, 0.75 mmol) at -80 to -85 OC for 30 min. NMR analysis (125 MHz l9C) revealed that the crude product comprised a 25.81 mixture of (h1-15 and (*)-16. Flash chromatography (hexane/ether, 20:80) furnished (f)-15 and (*)16 (135 mg, 95% yield) as a partially separable mixture. An analytical sample of each isomer was obtained by collecting nonoverlapping fractions. Major diastereomer (f)-15: viscous, pale yellow oil; Rf0.30 (hexane/ether, 20:80); IR (CHCb) 3010 (w), 3000 (w), 2950 (m), 2920 (w), 2860 (w), 1740 (s), 1390 (m), 1225 (m), 1180 (m), 1020 (m), 1000 (m) cm-1; lH NMR (500MHz, CDC&)6 0.97 (t,J = 7.3 Hz, 3 H), 1.41-1.80 (m, 5 H), 2.38 (td,J = 3.0,14.1 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (dd, J = 7.4, 10.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.40 (dd, J = 4.3, 10.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.42-4.50 (m, 2 H); 13CNMR (125 MHz, CDCh) 6 5.4,13.6,17.7, 33.2, 37.1, 77.1, 78.2, 148.4; high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 302.0223 [(M + NH,)+,calcd for C&hINO3 302.02521. Minor diastereomer (*)-16 viscous, pale yellow oil; Rf 0.45 (hexane/ether, 20:80); IR (CHCb) 3020 (w), 2960 (w), 2920 (w), 2860 (w), 1750 (e.), 1380 (w), 1245 (w), 1190 (w), 1170 (w), 1100 (m) cm-1; 1H NMR (500MHz, CDCb) 6 0.98 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3 H), 1.41-1.64 (m, 3 H), 1.78-1.85 (m, 1H), 2.12-2.17 (m, 1H), 2.202.25 (m, 1H), 3.32 (dd, J = 8.3,10.5 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (dd, J = 4.7, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 4.50-4.55 (m, 1H), 4.58-4.63 (m, 1H); lSC NMR (125 MHz, CDCb) 6 4.7, 13.5, 18.1, 30.4,36.5, 75.2, 76.0, 148.3; high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 302.0231 [(M NH4)+, calcd for C&I1,INOa 302.02521. Epoxide (-)-2. A solution of iodo carbonate (+)-12 (6.87 g, 17.6 mmol) in dry methanol (50 mL) at room temperature was treatedwith potassium carbonate (7.48 g, 54.2 mmol) and stirred
+
Electrophilic Cyclizations of Homoallylic Carbonates
J. Org. Chem., Vol. 58, No. 14,1993 3709
1 H); 1SC NMR (125MHz, CDCh) 6 9.6,17.9,26.5,27.8,37.0,78.2, 81.4,126.0,128.1,153.5; high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 215.1636 [(M + H)+, calcd for ClzHzsOa 215.16471. tert-Butyl Carbonate (+)-26. Via a procedure analogousto that employed in the Preparation of carbonate (+)-11,alcohol (+)-42 (5.00 g, 16.9 "01) was converted to (+)-26. Flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate, 92:8) furnished the product (6.35 g, 95% yield) as a viscous colorless oil: Rf0.47 (hexane/ethyl acetate, 8020);[CrI2OD+32.4' (c 1.18,CHCla); (CHCl3) 2980 (m), 2930 (w), 2890 (w), 1740 (a), 1580 (w), 1480 (m), 1440 (w), 1390 (w), 1370 (m), 1340 (w), 1280 (a), 1260 (a), 1160 (a), 1090 (m), 1020 (a), 940 (w), 910 (w), 680 (w) cm-l; lH NMR (500MHz, CDCb) 6 1.14 (e, 3 H), 1.16 (a, 3 H), 1.46 (a, 9 H), 3.13 (ABq,Jm = 12.4 Hz, A v ~52.1 Hz, 2 H), 3.37 (s,3H), 4.35 (dd, J = 4.2,7.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.61 (ABq, Jm = 6.9 Hz, A v =~ 67.2 Hz, 2 H), 4.79 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.27-5.32 (m, 2 H), 7.27-7.37(m,5H);~3CNMR(125MHz,CDCl~)611.1,33.7,41.5, 5.68-5.74 (m, 1 H), 7.13-7.16 (m, 1 H), 7.23-7.26 (m, 2 H), 7.3546.5,54.4,69.6,73.4,73.5,127.7,127.8,128.5,137.7;highresolution 7.37 (m, 2 H); 13CNMR (125MHz, CDCh) 6 23.9,24.0,27.7,39.4, mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 237.1483 [(M + H)+, calcd for 44.1,56.3,76.3,81.8,81.9,93.7, 119.3,125.7,128.8,129.3,134.8, C, 71.16;H, 8.53. Cl4HzlO3 237.14901. Anal. Calcd for C&&a: 137.9,153.7;high resolution mass spectrum (CI, methane) m/z Found C, 70.91;H, 8.36. 396.1983 [M+, calcd for CZIH~ZOSS 396.19701. tert-Butyl Carbonate (&)-17. Via a procedure analogousto Dicarbonate (+)-28. n-Butyllithium (1.6M in hexane, 0.371 that employed in the preparation of carbonate (+)-ll,alcohol mL, 0.594 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of diol (+)-35 (f)-37(1.498g, 17.4 mmol) was converted to (f)-17. Flash in ether (2mL) at -78 OC. The dry ice/ (101.5mg, 0.270 "01) chromatography(hexane/ether,982)furnishedthe product (3.053 2-propanol bath was replaced with a dry ice/CClr bath and the g, 94% yield) as apale yellow liquid Rf0.55(hexane/ethylacetate, reaction stirred for 10min at -20 OC, the cold bath was removed, 9010);IR (CHC13)3020 (w), 2980 (m), 2930 (w), 1735 (a), 1640 and a solution of BOC-ON (146 mg, 0.594 mmol) in tetrahy(w), 1450 (w), 1390 (w), 1370 (m), 1365 (m), 1280 (a), 1250 (a), drofuran (1 mL) was added immediately. The resultant mixture 1230 (m), 1155 (a), 1120 (m), 1085 (w), 1050 (w), 990 (w), 915 (w), was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. Following dilution with 860 (w), 820 (w) cm-l; lH NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) 6 1.26 (d, J ether (10mL), the mixture was washed with 10% aqueous NaOH = 6.3 Hz, 3 H), 1.48 (a, 9 H),2.26-2.32 (m, 1 H), 2.37-2.43 (m, (2X 1.5 mL) and brine (1.5mL). The combined washings were 1 H),4.76 (tq, J = 6.3,6.3Hz,1 H),5.07-5.12(m,2H),5.74-5.82 extracted with ether (3 X 3 mL), and the combined organic (m, 1 H); 13CNMR (125MHz, CDCl3) 6 19.4,27.8,40.3,73.1,81.7, solutions were dried (MgSOd),filtered, and concentrated. Flash 117.8,133.5,153.1; high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NHs) m/z chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate, 8812) provided (+)-28 204.1596 [(M + N&)+, calcd for Cl~zzNO3204.15991. (146.2mg,94%yield) asayellowoil: Rf0.61(hexane/ethylacetate, 7030);[(UI~D +71.9' (c 0.91,CHC13); IR (CHCl3) 3020 (w), 3000 tert-Butyl Carbonate (f)-20. Via a procedure analogousto (w), 2980 (m), 2930 (w), 2870 (w), 1730 (a), 1470 (w), 1450 (w), that employed in the preparation of (+)-ll,alcohol (*)-40(5.00 1390 (w), 1370 (a), 1280 (a), 1250 (a), 1160 (a), 1100 (a), 1080 (a), g, 44.6 mmol) was initially converted to the corresponding 1040 (w), 1010 (m), 980 (w), 960 (w), 910 (w), 830 (w) cm-l; 1H carbonate. Flash chromatography (hexane/ether, 97.52.5)furNMR (500MHz, CDCla) 6 0.92 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 3 H), 1.00 (8, 3 nished the product (7.72g, 82% yield) as a yellow liquid: Rf0.54 H), 1.06 (a, 3 H), 1.46 (a, 18 H), 1.55-1.62(m, 1 H), 1.71-1.87 (m, (hexane/ethyl acetate, 9010);IR (CHCl3) 3020 (w), 3000 (w), 4 H), 3.68-3.72 (m, 2 H), 4.39 (td,J = 2.5,10.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.54 (a, 2970 (m), 2930 (w), 2910 (w), 1740 (a), 1455 (w), 1390 (w), 1370 2 H), 4.69-4.75 (m, 2 H), 4.86 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1 H), 5.00-5.04 (m, (s), 1280 (a), 1255 (a), 1160 (a), 1090 (w), 860 (w) cm-l; lH NMR 1 H), 5.20-5.23 (m, 1 H), 5.81-5.88 (m, 1 H), 7.25-7.37 (m, 5 H); (500MHz, CDCls) 6 0.94 (t,J 7.4 Hz, 3 H), 1.49 (s,9H), 1.67'3C NMR (125MHz, CDCl3) 6 10.3,16.4,22.8,27.1,27.8, 27.9, 1.81 (m, 5 H), 2.42-2.48 (m, 2 H), 4.61-4.66 (m, 1 H); l3C NMR (62.5MHz, CDCl3) 6 3.5,9.5,23.9,26.1,27.7,74.2,76.6,77.6,81.8, 32.9,34.8,49.9,63.5,67.7,72.9,75.7,81.4,81.9,81.9,83.6,106.5, 117.4,127.4,127.7,128.2,135.1,138.8,153.4,153.8;highresolution 153.2;high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 230.1742 mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 594.3610 [(M + NH4)+,calcd for [(M + NH4)+, calcd for C12HuN03 230.17551. CazHszNOe 594.36421, Hydrogen was bubbled into a suspension of 5% palladium on Iodo Carbonates (f)-18and (f)-19. Method B: Iodine barium sulfate (1.00g) in pyridine (100mL) at room temperature. MonobromideinDichloromethane. Viaa procedureanalogous After 5 min a solution of the above carbonate derivative (2.00g, to that employed in the preparation of (+)-12and (+)-13,a 9.43 "01) in a small amount of pyridine was added and the solution of carbonate (*)-17 (0.514g, 2.76 mmol) in dichlohydrogenation continued for 2 h at room temperature. The romethane (20mL) was treated with iodine monobromide (0.859 catalyst was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was diluted g, 4.15 mmol) at -80 to -85 OC for 30 min. NMR analysis (125 with hexane/ether (l:l,400 mL) and washed with water (5 X 20 MHz W) showed that the crude product comprised a 14:lmixture mL) and brine (20mL). The organic layer was dried (MgSOd), of (*)-18and (*)-19. Flash chromatography (ether) furnished filtered, and concentrated. Flash chromatography(hexane/ether, (f)-18and (f)-19(0.617g, 87% yield) as a partially separable 982)gave (*)-20(1.68g, 83% yield) as a colorless liquid Rf0.57 mixture. An analytical sample of each isomer was obtained by (hexane/ethyl acetate, 9010); IR (CHCl3) 3010 (w), 2960 (m), collecting nonoverlapping fractions. 2920 (w), 2870 (w), 1730 (a), 1470 (w), 1450 (w), 1390 (w), 1370 Method C Iodine Monobromide in Toluene. Via a (m), 1310 (w), 1280 (a), 1250 (m), 1160 (a), 1110 (w), 1090 (w),950 procedure analogousto that employed in the preparation of (+)(w), 850 (w), 830 (w) cm-1; 1H NMR (500MHz, CDCl3) 6 0.93 (t, 12 and (+)-13,a solution of carbonate (*)-17 (93.0mg, 0.500 J = 7.4 Hz, 3 H), 1.48 (a, 9 H), 1.60-1.66 (m, 5 H), 2.33-2.36 (m, mmol) in toluene (5mL) was treated with iodine monobromide 2 H), 4.60 (quin, J = 6.3 Hz, 1 H), 5.37-5.42 (m, 1 H), 5.54-5.60 (1.0M in dichloromethane, 0.75 mL, 0.75 mmol) at -80 to -85 (m, 1 H); laC NMR (125MHz, CDCl3) 6 9.7,12.9,26.5,27.8,31.2, "C for 30 min. NMR analysis (125MHz 13C)indicated that the 78.3,81.4,125.0,126.7,153.3; high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 232.1878 [(M + NH4)+,calcd for ClzH&Os 232.19121. crude product comprised a 21.1:l mixture of (*)-18and (*)-19. Flash chromatography (ether) gave (*)-l8 and (*)-19 (114mg, tert-Butyl Carbonate (&)-23. Via a procedure analogousto 89% yield) as a partially separable mixture. An analytical sample that employed in the preparation of carbonate (+)-ll, alcohol of each isomer was obtained by collecting nonoverlapping (&)-38 (425 mg, 3.73 mmol) was converted to (*)-23. Flash fractions. chromatography (hexane/ether, 982)afforded the product (768 Major Diastereomer (*)-la viscous colorless oil; Rf 0.26 mg, 96% yield) as a colorlessliquid Rf0.54(hexane/ethyl acetate, (ether); IR (CHCl3) 3010 (w), 2980 (w), 2920 (w), 1745 (e), 1390 9010);IR (CHCh) 2960 (m), 2920 (w), 2860 (w), 1730 (a), 1450 (w), 1360 (w), 1330 (w), 1235 (m), 1180 (m), 1115 (m), 1090 (m) (w), 1390 (w), 1365 (m), 1280 (a), 1250 (m), 1155 (a), 1090 (w),960 cm-1; 1H NMR (500MHz, CDCla) 6 1.45(d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3 H), 1.69 (m), 850 (w) cm-1; 1H NMR (500MHz, CDCb) 6 0.92 (t, J = 7.4 (td,J = 11.6,14.2Hz, 1 H), 2.41 (td, J = 3.0,14.2Hz, 1 H), 3.27 Hz, 3 H), 1.48 (a, 9 H), 1.55-1.66 (m, 5 H), 2.25-2.28 (m, 2 H), (dd, J = 7.5, 10.6 Hz, 1 H), 3.41 (dd, J = 4.3, 10.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.57 (quin, J = 6.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.36-5.42 (m, 1 H), 5.47-5.54 (m,
for 6 h. The mixture was partitioned between ether (300mL) and saturated NazSz03 and NaHCO3 solutions (60mL each). The aqueous layer was then extracted with ether (3 x 60 mL), and the combined extracts were washed with brine, dried (MgS04), filtered, and concentrated. Flash chromatography (hexane/ethylacetate, 6535)provided epoxide (3-2(3.93g, 83% yield) as a yellow liquid: Rf0.31 (hexane/ethyl acetate, 5050); [#D -7.8O (c 1.01,CHC13);IR (CHCla) 3490 (a, br), 3000 (a), 2970 (a), 2940 (a), 2920 (a), 2860 (a), 1495 (w), 1480 (m), 1455 (a), 1415 (m), 1360 (a), 1310 (w), 1255 (m), 1230 (m), 1090 (a), 1020 (m), 900 (e), 850 (w), 815 (w), 690 (m) cm-l; lH NMR (500MHz, CDCh) 6 1.03 (d, J = 6.9Hz, 3 HI, 1.43-1.47 (m, 1 HI, 1.70-1.75 (m, 1 H), 1.83-1.90 (m, 1 H), 2.60 (dd, J = 2.8,4.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.76 (dd, J = 4.0,4.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.94 (ddd, J = 2.8, 4.0,6.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.08 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.66 (ddd, J = 3.8,9.1,9.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.75 (td,J = 4.7,9.2Hz, 1 H), 3.86-3.96 (m, 1 H), 4.53 (a, 3 H),
3710 J. Org. Chem., Vol. 58,No. 14, 1993 4.43-4.48 (m, 1 H), 4.57-4.64 (m, 1 H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CDCla) 6 5.2, 21.0,34.9, 74.8, 77.2,148.3;high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 273.9910 [(M + NH4)+,calcd for CeH13IN03 273.99391. Minor diastereomer (*)-19: viscous colorless oil; Rj 0.36 (ether); IR (CHCl3) 3000 (w), 2970 (w), 2920 (w), 1750 (a), 1380 (m), 1350 (w), 1240 (m), 1190 (w), 1150 (m), 1130 (w), 1105 (m), 1050 (w), 1010 (w) cm-1; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCla) 6 1.48 (d, J = 6.5Hz, 3 H), 2.09-2.14 (m, 1 H), 2.22-2.28 (m, 1 H), 3.30 (dd, J = 8.5,10.5Hz, 1 H), 3.46 (dd, J = 4.6,10.5Hz, 1 H), 4.60-4.65 (m, 1 H), 4.68-4.74 (m, 1 H); l9C NMR (125MHz, CDCl3) 6 4.4, 20.6,31.9,72.6,75.1, 148.2;high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 273.9937 [(M + NH,)+, calcd for CsHlsINOs 273.99391. Iodo Carbonates (*)-21 and (*)-22. Method B: Iodine Monobromidein Dichloromethane. Via a procedureanalogous to that employed in the preparation of (+)-12and (+)-13, a solution of carbonate (i)-20(1.28 g, 5.99 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was treated with iodine monobromide (1.86 g, 9.00mmol) at -94 "C for 30 min. NMR analysis (125MHz 13C) revealed that the crude product comprised a 121 mixture of (&)-21and (*)-22. Flash chromatography (hexane/ether, 2575, then 2080)provided (f)-21and (f)-22(1.48g, 87% yield) as a partially separable mixture. An analytical sample of each isomer was obtained by collecting nonoverlapping fractions. Method C: Iodine Monobromide in Toluene. Via a procedure analogous to that employed in the preparation of (+I12and (+)-13,asolution of carbonate (*)-20(150mg,0.701 mmol) in toluene (7mL) was treated with iodine monobromide (1.0M in dichloromethane, 1.40 mL, 1.40mmol) at -80 to -85 "C for 1 h. NMR analysis (125MHz l3C) showed that the crude product comprised an 18-81 mixture of (*)-21 and (*)-22. Flash chromatography (hexane/ether, 25:75,then 2080) gave (*)-21 and (i)-22(174mg, 87% yield) as a partially separable mixture. An analytical sample of each isomer was obtained by collecting nonoverlapping fractions. Major diastereomer (*)-21: viscous yellow oil; Rj 0.25 (hexane/ether, 2080);IR (CHCls) 3000 (w), 2960 (w), 2930 (w), 1750 (a), 1440 (w), 1390 (m), 1380 (w), 1360 (w), 1340 (w), 1230 (m), 1190 (m), 1165 (w), 1120 (m), 1100 (m), 1060 (w) cm-l; lH NMR (500MHz, CDCl3) 6 1.04 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3 H), 1.70-1.85 (m, 3 H), 1.95 (d, J = 6.9 Hz,3 H), 2.28 (td,J = 3.0, 14.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.22-4.28 (m, 2 H), 4.40-4.44 (m, 1 H); 13C NMR (125 MHz, CDC13)68.8,22.7,25.4,28.0,30.7,79.2,81.1, 148.7;highresolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 302.0257 [(M + NH4)+,calcd for Ca17INOs 302.02521. Minor diastereomer (*)-22: viscous yellow oil; Ri 0.35 (hexane/ether, 2080),IR (CHCls) 3000 (w), 2960 (w), 2920 (w), 2870 (w), 1750 (a), 1460 (w), 1440 (w), 1390 (m), 1375 (m), 1330 (w), 1270 (w), 1230 (w), 1190 (m), 1170 (w), 1140 (m), 1120 (m), 1090 (m), 1080 (m), 1060 (w) cm-l; lH NMR (500MHz, CDCla) 6 1.05 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3 H), 1.63-1.72 (m, 1 H), 1.86-1.95 (m, 1 H), 1.96 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3 H), 2.11-2.23 (m, 2 H), 4.25-4.32 (m, 2 H), 4.46-4.51 (m, 1 H); 13C NMR (125MHz, CDCl3) 6 9.6,22.9, 25.7,27.6,28.8,78.3,78.3,148.8; high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 302.0231 [(M + NH4)+, calcd for Ca17INOs 302.02521. Iodo Carbonates (f)-24and (f)-25. Method B: Iodine Monobromidein Dichloromethane. Via a procedureanalogous to that employed in the preparation of (+)-12q d (+)-13,a solution of carbonate (Ab23 (817 mg, 3.82 mmol) in dichloromethane (35mL) was treated with iodine monobromide (1.42 g, 6.87 mmol) at -80 to -85 OC for 30 min. NMR analysis (125 MHz 13C) showed that the crude product comprised a 6.5:l mixture of (f)-24and (&)-25. Flash chromatography (hexane/ether, 2575,then 15:85)afforded (*)-24and (*)-25(961mg, 87% yield) as a partially separable mixture. An analytical sample of each isomer was obtained by collecting nonoverlapping fractions. Method C: Iodine Modobromide in Toluene. Via a procedure analogous to that employed in the preparation of (+)12and (+)-13, a solutionof carbonate (*:)-23(150mg, 0.701mmol) in toluene (7mL) was treated with iodine monobromide (1.0M in dichloromethane, 1.40 mL, 1.40 mmol) at -80 to -85 "C for 1 h. NMRanalysis (125MHz W)indicated that the crude product comprised a 6.4:l mixture of (f)-24and (*)-25. Flash chromatography (hexane/ether, 2575,then 1585)gave (*)-24and (*)25 (172 mg, 86% yield) as a partially separable mixture. An
Duan and Smith analytical sample of each isomer was obtained by collecting nonoverlapping fractions. Major diastereomer (f)-24:yellow liquid; Rj 0.27 (hexane/ ether, 2080);IR (CHC13) 3010 (w),2970 (w), 2930 (w), 2880 (w), 1750 (a), 1450 (w), 1395 (w), 1385 (w), 1230 (m), 1195 (m), 1165 (w), 1105 (m), 1070 (w) cm-1; 1H NMR (500MHz, CDCh) 6 1.04 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3 H), 1.67-1.82 (m, 3 H), 2.00 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 3
H),2.45(M,J=2.8,14.2Hz,lH),4.15-4.21(m,2H),4.36-4.41 (m, 1 H); 13C NMR (125MHz, CDCls) 6 8.8,23.7,26.9,28.0,32.4, 79.2,81.7,148.5;high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 302.0237 [(M + NH4)+,calcd for CaH17IN03 302.02531. Minor diastereomer (i)-25:yellow solid; mp 56.5-58.0 "C; Rf0.44 (hexane/ether, 2080); IR (CHCh) 3005 (w), 2970 (w), 2930 (w), 2880 (w), 1750 (a), 1450 (w), 1375 (m), 1230 (m), 1190 (m), 1160 (w), 1115 (m), 1105 (m), 1060 (w) cm-'; lH NMR (500 MHz, CDCls) 6 1.05 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3 H), 1.64-1.73 (m, 1 H), 1.82-1.91 (m, 1 H), 2.03 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3 H), 2.23 (ddd, J = 4.9, 6.2,14.5Hz, 1 H), 2.31 (ddd, J = 4.9,7.3,14.5Hz, 1 H), 4.23 (ddd, J = 6.2,8.2, 13.7 Hz, 1 H), 4.31-4.35 (m, 1 H), 4.41-4.45 (m, 1 H); 13C NMR (125MHz, CDCls) 6 9.3,24.0,26.2,27.6,30.4,77.8, 79.6,148.3;high resolutionmaw spectrum (CI,NH3) m/z 302.0261 [(M + NH4)+, calcd for C&7IN08 302.02531. Iodo Carbonates (-)-27a and (+)-27b. Method A: Iodine in Acetonitrile. Iodine (826mg, 3.25 mmol) was added in one portion to a solution of carbonate (+)-26(429mg, 1.08 mmol) in acetonitrile (12mL) at -20 OC. The mixture was stirred at -20 "C for 8 hand then at roomtemperature for 1 h. TLC monitoring indicated that no reaction occurred. The reaction was worked up in the usual fashion and carbonate (+)-26was recovered. Method B: Iodine Monobromide in Dichloromethane. Iodine monobromide(1.18g,5.69mmol) was added in one portion to a solution of carbonate (+)-26 (1.50 g, 3.79 mmol) in dichloromethane (30 mL) at -80 to -85 "C. After 30 min additional iodine monobromide (1.18g, 5.69 mmol) was added, and the mixture was then stirred 30 min further and worked up as described for the preparation of (+)-12and (+)-13. NMR analysis (125 MHz W) indicated that the crude product comprised a 1.7:l mixture of diastereomers. Flash chromatography (hexane/ether, 4060)provided iodo carbonates 27a,b (1.53 g, 87% yield) as an inseparable mixture. An analytical sample of each isomer was obtained by HPLC (hexane/ether, 4060). Method C: Iodine Monobromide in Toluene. Iodine monobromide (1.0M in dichloromethane, 0.75 mL, 0.75 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of carbonate (+)-26 (198mg, 0.500 mmol) in toluene (5mL) at -80 to -85 OC. After 30 min additional iodine monobromide (1.00mL, 1.00mmol) was added, and the mixture was then stirred 30 min further and worked up as described for the Preparation of (+)-12and (+)-13. NMR analysis(125MHz l3C)revealedthat the crude product comprised a 3.41mixture of diastereomers. Flashchromatography (hexane/ ether, 40:60) gave iodocarbonates 27a,b (161mg, 69% yield) as an inseparable mixture. An analytical sample of each isomer was obtained by HPLC (hexane/ether, 4060). Major diastereomer (-)-27a: viscous colorless oil; Rj 0.17 (hexane/ethyl acetate, 8020);[CUI%-15.7' (c 1.25,CHCh); IR (CHCla)3000 (w),2960 (w),2930 (w), 1760 (a), 1580 (w), 1480 (w), 1470 (w), 1440 (w), 1370 (w), 1350 (m), 1220 (w), 1190 (m), 1150 (m), 1100 (a), 1060 (w), 1030 (m), 990 (w), 910 (w) cm-l; lH NMR (500MHz, CDCl3) 6 1.14 (8, 3 H), 1.21 (8, 3 H), 3.14 (ABq, JAB = 13.1 Hz, AVD = 112.6 Hz, 2 H), 3.33-3.40 (m, 2 H), 3.42 (a, 3 H),4.32 (t, J = 1.3 Hz,1 H),4.42 (d, J = 1.3 Hz,1 H),4.48 (ddd, J = 1.3,5.6,g.O Hz,1 H), 4.79 (ABq, JAB= 6.4 Hz, A v =~29.1 Hz, 2 H), 7.19-7.21 (m, 1 H), 7.26-7.30 (m, 2 H), 7.38-7.40 (m, 2H);l3CNMR(125MHz,CDCls)60.6,22.8,23.1,38.8,44.5,56.9, 70.1, 82.2, 84.6, 99.1, 126.5, 129.1, 129.8, 136.6, 147.5; high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 484.0595 [(M + NH4)+, calcd for C17HdNOeS 484.06541. Minor diastereomer (+)-27b: white solid; mp 81-83 OC; Rf 0.17 (hexane/ethyl acetate, 80:20);[(U]%Di-5.9"(c 1.67,CHCls); IR (CHCl3) 2990 (w), 2950 (w), 2930 (w),2890 (w),1760 (a), 1580 (w), 1480 (w), 1435 (w), 1380 (w), 1360 (w), 1300 (w), 1220 (w), 1180 (m), 1150 (m), 1110 (m), 1100 (m), 1030 (m), 990 (w), 910 (w) cm-1; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCla) 6 1.15 (a, 3 H), 1.23 (a, 3 H), 2.92-2.97 (m, 2 H), 3.31-3.34 (m, 2 H), 3.42 (a, 3 H), 4.31 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.33 (t, J = 1.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.69 (ddd, J = 1.3, 5.4,9.5Hz, 1 H), 4.75 (ABq, JAB= 7.1 Hz, A v =~18.6 Hz, 2 H), 7.17-7.21 (m, 1 H), 7.27-7.30 (m, 2 H), 7.40-7.42 (m, 2 H); 1%
Electrophilic Cyclizations of Homoallylic Carbonates
J. Org. Chem., Vol. 58, No. 14, 1993 3711
NMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) 6 1.0, 22.9, 23.5, 38.6, 44.2, 56.7, 70.5,
were successivelyadded dropwise. After an additional 1h at -78 "C, the cold bath was removed. Saturated aqueous NaHC03 (250 mL) was then added, the aqueous layer was extracted with ether (3 X 100 mL), and the combined organic extracts were dried (MgSO4),fiitered,and concentrated. Flash chromatography (hexane/ethyl acetate, 8515) furnished alcohol (f)-40 (18.9 g, 81% yield) as a colorless liquid: Rf 0.31 (hexane/ethyl acetate, 8020);IR (CHCl3) 3660 (w), 3450 (w, br), 3000 (m), 2960 (s), 2920 (81,2880 (m), 1460 (w), 1430 (w), 1390 (w), 1230 (w), 1090 (w), 1050 (w), 1015 (w), 970 (m) cm-l; lH NMR (500 MHz, CDC18) 6 0.95 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 3 H), 1.51-1.60 (m, 2 HI, 1.81 (t,J = 3.6 Hz, 3 H), 1.93 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 1H), 2.22-2.28 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.41 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.65 (m, 1H); 13CNMR (125 MHz, CDCl3) 6 3.4,9.9, 21.2, 29.0, 71.5, 75.3, 78.2; high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 113.0955 [(M H)+, calcd for C7H130 113.09661. Alcohol (+)-42. s-Butyllithium (1.19 M in cyclohexane,148.7 mL, 177 mmol) was added over 50 min to a solution of methoxymethylallyl ether (23.55 g, 231 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100mL) at -78 OC. After 1h the resultant bright yellow solution was treated with a solution of (+)-B-methoxydiisopinocampheylborane [(Ipc)zBOMe, 56.09 g, 177 mmol] in tetrahydrofuran lH),3.21(dd,J=5.1,9.9Hz,lH),3.46-3.53(m,3H),4.29-4.32 (150 mL), added dropwise over 70 min. The mixture was stirred (m, 1 H), 4.34-4.37 (m, 1H), 4.46-4.52 (m, 3 H), 4.66 (dd, J = 2 h further, and freshly distilled boron trifluoride etherate (29.04 mL, 236 mmol) and 2,2-dimethy1-3-(phenylthio)propionaldehyde 2.9, 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.83 (dd, J = 1.3, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.36 (m, 5H);'3CNMR (125MH~,CDCl3)6-0.8,9.9,16.4,22.4,26.6,27.9, (41,34.34 g, 177 mmol) were then successivelyintroduced. The 30.0,33.0,51.4,66.8,66.9,71.3,72.3,74.5,81.7,87.6,107.8,127.3, reaction was stirred for an additional 3 h a t -78 OC and gradually 127.3, 128.3, 138.8, 147.8, 153.2; high resolution mass spectrum warmed to room temperature. Following addition of trimeth(CI,NH3)m/z647.1753[(M+ H)+,calcdforC&IO~647.1717]. ylamine N-oxide dihydrate (58.94 g, 531 mmol), the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h, heated to reflux for 1h, and Minor diastereomer of 29b: white solid; mp 81-83 OC; Rf cooled. Saturated NH&1 solution (400 mL) was added, volatile 0.27 (hexane/ethyl acetate, 7030); IR (CHCl3) 3000 (w), 2980 materials were removed under reduced pressure, and the aqueous (w), 2930 (w), 2870 (w), 1775 (s), 1740 (s), 1455(w), 1390 (w), 1370 residue was extracted with ether (3 X 400 mL). The combined (m), 1285 (a), 1240 (m), 1170 (m), 1160 (m), 1115 (m), 1075 (m), extracts were washed with brine, dried (MgSO,), filtered, and 1030 (m), 990 (w) cm-l; lH NMR (500MHz, CDCls) 6 0.91 (d, J concentrated. Most of the isopinocampheol was carefully re= 7.1 Hz, 3 H), 0.97 ( ~ ,H), 3 1.21 (a, 3 H), 1.48 ( ~ , H), 9 1.61-1.69 moved by vacuum distillation (ca. 2 mmHg) using a 6-inch column (m,1H),1.7&1.88(m,4H),3.10(dd,J=6.9,11.0Hz,1H),3.25 with the head temperature below 100 "C. Flash chromatography (dd, J = 4.3, 11.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.44-3.48 (m, 1 H), 3.52-3.56 (m, 1 H), 4.30-4.38 (m, 3 H), 4.47 (a, 2 H), 4.60 (dd, J = 5.1, 6.1 Hz, (hexane/ether/dichloromethane, 701515) then gave (+)-42 (38.16 g, 73 % yield) as a pale yellow oil: Rf 0.30 (hexane/ethyl acetate, 1H), 4.69-4.71 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.35 (m, 5 H); 13CNMR (125MHz, CDCl3) 62.3,10.1,16.3,22.5,26.8,27.9,31.3,33.7,51.0,64.8,66.3, 8020); [a]%+ 6 9 P (c 0.97, CHCl3); IR (CHCU 3560 (m), 3065 (w), 2990 (s), 2960 (s), 2930 (s), 2895 (s), 2820 (w), 1580 (m), 1470 72.5, 74.8, 75.2, 77.7, 82.1, 86.1, 108.2, 127.5, 127.6, 128.3, 138.5, (m), 1435 (m), 1385 (m), 1230 (m), 1145 (s), 1085 (s),1020 (s), 930 149.0, 153.2; high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z (m), 900 (m) cm-1; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) 6 1.08 (8, 3 H), 647.1747 [(M H)+, calcd for CzaHgIOe 647.17171. trams-Alkene (A)-38. A 100-mL two-necked flask equipped 1.11( ~ , H), 3 2.73 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 3.10 (ABq, JAB= 12.2 Hz, Aum = 75.3 Hz, 2 H), 3.38 (e, 3 H), 3.53 (dd, J 3.9, 6.3 Hz, 1 with a dry ice-acetonecondenser was cooled to -40 OC and charged H),4.19(dd,J=3.6,8.4H~,lH),4.65(ABq,Jlg=6.7H~,Aum with liquid ammonia (20 mL) and ether (5 mL). Lithium wire = 98.2 Hz, 2 H), 5.25-5.31 (m, 2 H), 5.84 (ddd, J = 8.4, 10.3,17.2 (194 mg, 27.7 mmol) was added and the resultant mixture stirred Hz, 1 H), 7.12-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.26 (m, 2 H), 7.36-7.38 (m, for 15 min. A solution of alkyne (*)-40 (620 mg, 554 mmol) in 2 H); "C NMR (125 MHz, CDC13) 6 23.1, 24.0, 39.2, 45.0, 56.3, ether (2 mL) was then added dropwise. After 3 h at -40 OC, the 76.7, 78.2, 93.5, 119.3, 125.6, 128.7, 129.2, 136.2, 138.2; high reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH4C1 solution resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 297.1495 [(M + H)+, (15 mL), gradually warmed to room temperature, and extracted calcd for c l ~ 2 S O S s297.15241. with ether (3 X 15 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried (MgS04),fiitered,and concentrated. Flash chromatography Acknowledgment. Support for this workwas provided (hexane/ethyl acetate, 9010) afforded tram-alkene (A)-38 (530 by the National Institutes of Health (National Cancer mg, 84% yield) as a colorless liquid: Rf0.38(hexane/ethylacetate, Institute) through grant no. 19033. T h e authors wish t o 20230); IR (CHC13)3670 (w), 3460 (w, br), 3010 (w), 2970 (m), thank Dr. Christopher S. Shiner and Mr. Paul A. Spren2940 (m), 2880 (w), 1460 (w), 1450 (w), 1440 (w), 1380 (w), 1220 geler for helpful suggestions and critical comments. I n (w), 1005 (w), 970 (s) cm-1; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDC13) 6 0.95 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3 H), 1.45-1.53 (m, 2 H), 1.56 (br s, 1 H), 1.69 (d, J addition, we thank Dr. George T. Furst and Mr. J o h n = 6.3 Hz, 3 H), 2.02-2.08 (m, 1H), 2.21-2.26 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.53 Dykins of t h e University of Pennsylvania Spectroscopic (m, 1H), 5.41-5.47 (m, 1H), 5.53-5.58 (m, 1H); l3C NMR (125 Service Centers for assistance in securing and interpreting MHz, CDC13) 6 9.9, 18.1, 29.5, 40.2, 72.3, 127.1, 128.9; high high-field NMR a n d mass spectra. resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 132.1382 [(M NH4)+, Supplementary Material Available: 13CNMR spectral data calcd for C,HlaNO 132.13881. at 125 MHz for 2, 11-26, 27a,b, 28, 29a,b, 38, 40, and 42 (25 Alcohol (f)-40. A solution of propyne (47 mL, 0.830 mol) in pages). This material is contained in libraries on microfiche, tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) at -78 "C was treated with n-butylimmediately follows this article in the microfilm version of the lithium (2.5 M in hexane, 167 mL, 0.417 mol) and the resultant journal, and can be ordered from the ACS; see any current mixture waa stirred for 30 min. 1,2-Epoxybutane (39,17.9 mL, masthead page for ordering information. 0.208 mol) and boron trifluoride etherate (28.2 mL, 0.223 mol)
79.2,80.7, 96.1,126.5, 129.0, 129.7, 136.4,147.7; high resolution mass spectrum (CI, NH3) m/z 484.0616 [(M + NHI)+, calcd for C1,HnINOsS 484.06541. Iodo Carbonates 29a,b. Method B: Iodine Monobromide in Dichloromethane. Via a procedure analogous to that employed in the preparation of (+)-12 and (+)-13,carbonate (+)-28 [from 0.0816 mmol of diol (+)-351 in dichloromethane (2.5 mL) was treated with iodine monobromide (83.6 mg, 0.404 mmol) at -85 "C for 30 min. Flash chromatography (hexane/ ether, 3070) gave the minor diastereomer 29b (12.6 mg, 24% yield for two steps) followed by the major diastereomer 29a (19.8 mg, 38% yield for two steps). Major diastereomer of 29a: colorless oil; Rf 0.18 (hexane/ ethyl acetate, 7030); IR (CHCU 3020 (w), 3000 (w), 2980 (w), 2930 (w), 2870 (w), 1765 (s), 1730 (s), 1470 (w), 1450 (w), 1390 (m), 1370 (m), 1280 (s), 1250 (w), 1230 (w), 1170 (m), 1100 (s), 1070 (w), 1020 (m), 990 (w), 970 (w), 920 (w), 900 (w), 880 (w), 850 (w) cm-1; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) 6 0.91 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 3 H), 0.98 (s,3 H), 1.19 (s,3 H), 1.49 (s,9 H), 1.63-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.78 (dd, J = 3.7,15.0 Hz, 1H), 1.91-1.97 (m, 2 H), 2.01-2.07 (m,
+
+
+
