Books
Ion Transport from a Physical Point of View The Principles of Ion-Selective Elec trodes and of Membrane Transport. W. E. Morf. χ + 420 pp. Elsevier Scien tific Publishing Company, 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017. 1981. $83
Reviewed by Richard P. Buck, De partment of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N.C. 27514 This new volume by Werner E. Morf fits nicely alongside of N. Lakshminarayanaiah's "Transport Phenom ena in Membranes" (Academic Press, 1969) and K. S. Cole's "Membranes, Ions and Impulses" (U of California Press, 1972). The book addresses ion transport (and neutral species trans port) through materials that are prin cipally ion conductors as opposed to electronic conductors. The physical thickness of systems considered covers
Chapter 14 on dynamic response theory is of course the "last word," because Morf has made major contributions to the theory.
the range from charged, thin phases (bilayers) to electrically neutral, thick phases. The materials treated are pas sive and can be generally considered ion exchangers and salt-extracting, immiscible phases. Morf approaches the field from long experience with ion-selective elec trodes and an association with W. Si mon's group. The point of view is physical rather than biological, and the tendency is to deal with model systems. This is not to say that the book is highly theoretical. In fact, it is full of data on experimental systems, including many classical examples from the conductivity literature. This breadth is not surprising because it is impossible to discuss membrane transport without considering the ex terior electrolytes and transport through homogeneous electrolyte bulk as well as across liquid junctions. The book is in two parts. The first, from Morf s Habilitationschrift, brings the theory up-to-date and adds a new dimension to Lakshminarayanaiah's treatment and to Buck's
chapter on similar subjects in H. Prei ser's "Ion-Selective Electrodes in Ana lytical Chemistry, Volume 1" (Plenum Press, 1978). The second half is a de tailed analysis of ion-selective elec trode responses. The latter supple ments P. L. Bailey's "Analysis with Ion-Selective Electrodes" (Heyden, 1982, 2nd éd.), Κ. Cammann's "Work ing with Ion-Selective Electrodes" (Springer Verlag, 1979), and N. Lakshminarayanaiah's "Membrane Elec trodes" (Academic Press, 1976). Sev eral chapters and sections are particu larly impressive. Section 1.3 on single ion activity coefficients and chapter 5 on liquid junction potentials are excel lent. Chapter 12, on neutral carriers, and chapter 13, on glass electrodes, provide the best critiques of the most recent, and not yet well-known, re sponse theories in relation to the more conventional, textbook treatments. Chapter 14 on dynamic response theo ry is of course the "last word," because Morf has made major contributions to the theory. Morf's volume will satisfy the most discriminating members of the ionselective electrode fraternity, but it is an ideal source, for those workers on ion-exchanger-coated modified elec trodes, of the modern theory of interfacial and bulk ion exchange pro cesses. Applications of Lasers to Chemical Problems. Ted Evans, Ed. xi + 291 pp. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1982. $55
Reviewed by Robert B. Green, De partment of Chemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Ark. 72701 "Applications of Lasers to Chemical Problems" is the most recent volume in the "Techniques of Chemistry" se ries. This series is devoted to a com prehensive presentation of techniques important for chemistry. The authors present background theory, describe methodology, and discuss the merits and limitations of the techniques in volved. This volume focuses on the "most important" applications of la sers at the present time: chemical analysis, UV/VIS, and IR photochem istry. In addition, the first chapter in troduces the properties and practical aspects of lasers.
I was least satisfied with the first chapter of this book. The need was to provide practical information, ground ed in theoretical descriptions, about the properties of lasers and the reali zation of these properties as laborato ry devices. The discussion of laser properties is understandably brief but the coverage is slanted, e.g., coherence is stressed while monochromaticity is mentioned in passing. Other omissions are equally inexplicable, e.g., excimer lasers are not mentioned as pumping sources for dye lasers; only the fre quency-doubled and -quadrupled emission from a Nd:YAG laser is indi cated for dye laser pumping when the third harmonic (355 nm) is commonly used. Several statements also bear ex planation, e.g., "C.W. lasers have less obvious application to chemistry than do pulsed lasers . . . " ; " . . . a limited number of dyes exhibit laser action by flashlamp pumping." Although the author suggested the "Laser Focus" buyer's guide as a good source of cur rent information, I wish that he had mentioned that many of the more ex otic aspects of laser operation, such as frequency doubling and gas handling for excimer lasers, have been packaged in user-oriented units. I am afraid this introduction will not dispel the mys tique of laser operation. Over half of this book is devoted to the chapter on analytical applications of lasers by John C. Wright. I have not seen a better, more comprehensive re view. There are almost 400 literature citations with references as recent as 1981. A large portion of the chapter is devoted to laser-induced fluorescence, both atomic and molecular, and coher ent Raman processes. The consider able mathematics associated with co herent Raman techniques is treated intuitively to both explain and unify them. The various laser-based absorp tion methods, photoionization and photodissociation, and two-photon spectrometry are also included. Be sides the figures that are reproduced from the literature, many new figures are included that clarify the text. This chapter presents a cogent statement about the importance of lasers in ana lytical chemistry and the exciting prospects for the future. Of the chapters in this book, Ted R. Evans's discussion of UV/VIS laser
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 55, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 1983 · 309 A
Books
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photochemistry provides the most practical information. Over 30% of the chapter is devoted to instrumentation, including lasers, sample cells, and de tectors. This information should be in valuable to the novice. I believe that this chapter most nearly accomplishes the goals of the "Techniques of Chem istry" series. The balance of the chap ter concentrates on laser-induced chemistry, beginning with a discussion of kinetics and concluding with a dis cussion of multiphoton effects, with many examples from the literature. The author also points out the impor tance of the laser as a "probe" and as a " p u m p " for photochemical processes. Bond-selective chemistry has long been a dream of chemists. The laser provides the best avenue to accom plish this goal. This research area is explored by A. M. Ronn in the last chapter. The experimental methodol ogy and progress in this area are dis cussed in a historical context. The search to demonstrate unambiguous reaction rate enhancement due to spe cific vibrational excitation is present ed in an informative and thoroughly absorbing manner. The exponential growth of the field since the advent of multiphoton dissociation is reviewed. The chapter closes with an interesting discussion of the economics of using laser photons. Analysis leads the au thor to conclude that lasers would be economically competitive for the pro duction of fine chemicals. Some, but not all, of the deficiencies of the introductory chapter are over come in subsequent chapters. Infor mation about lasers, geared to various needs and levels of training, is widely available. Perhaps readers of laser ap plications books would be better served by inclusion of an annotated list of suggested reading rather than by an obligatory introductory chapter. Overall, this book is exceptionally readable and lucid. Because of the di versity of topics, readers may choose not to purchase the book; however, reading the chapter of interest is rec ommended.
Books Received Methods in Protein Sequence Analysis. Marshall Elzinga, Ed. xxvi + 589 pp. The Humana Press, Inc., P.O. Box 2148, Clifton, N.J. 07015. 1982. $64.50 Advances in Chromatography. Vol. 20. J. Calvin Giddings et al., Eds. xv + 286 pp. Marcel Dekker Inc., 270 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1982. $45
