JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION 0
ADVANCES IN CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY VOLUME IX
Edited by Melville L. Wolfrom. Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1954. xviii 426 pp. Figs. and tables. 15.5 X 23.5 cm. 810.50.
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THE p r e ~ e n tvolume in thir valuxble series maintains the high standards set by those preceding. In farm it follows the established pattern of international cont~.ihut,ionnand diversified subjectmatter. Carbohydrate speeidista will principally be interested in the sections: "Some implications in carbohydrate chemistry of theories relating to the mechanisms of replacement reactions," by R. V. Lemieux; "Alkali sensitive glycasides," by Clinton E. Rallou; "The 2-hydroxyglycal~," by Mary Grxee Blair; and "The methyl ethers of hexuronie noids," by G. 0. A ~ p i n d l . Of more general biochemical interest are the chapters: "The raffinose family of oligo-osaccharide~."by Dexter French; and "The conjugates of v-glucuronic acid of animal ol.igin," by Robert S. Teague. The industrial carbohydrate chemist may find mare of interest in the sections: "Color and turbidity of sugar products," by R. W. Liggett and Victor R. Deitz; and "C;trhoxymethyleellulose," by J. V. Ksritbinos and Marjorie Hindert. The latter chapter, in particular, contains much of interest to those who want to know about the special properties of this unusual material and the applications in which it proves useful. The final aection, "Paper chromatography of carbohydrates and related compounds," by George N. Kowkabany, is an excellent summary of the methods employed and the results possible with this remarkable technique. Students beginning their study of carbohydrates and teachers who want to extend their knowledge, rts well as others who have thought of using chromatoe; raphy but have never actually done so, will find this chapter of great value. As s n introduction to this volume the editor, M. L. Wolfrom, has written a n appreciative obituary of Dr. Claude Silbert Hudson who, until his death in 1952, daved such a. leading role in rarbohydrate ehemint~yin ~ m ~ r i & . . UN~VERBITY OW MAINE O ~ o u o M*INE ,
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IRWIN B . DOUGLASS
IONOGRAPHY: ELECTROPHORESIS IN STABI~
LIZED MEDIA
H. J. McDonald, Professor of Biochemistry, Stritch Schwl of Medicine of Loyola University. In collaboration with R. 1. Lappe, Loyola University, E. P. Marboch, University of Chicago, R, H. Spitzer, Loyola University, and M. C. Urbin, Corn Products Refining Co. The Year Book Publishers, Inc., Chicago, 268 pp. 29 figs. 8 tahles. 14.5 X 22 cm. $6.50. 1955. X
complexes in solution; for example, the sugar-harate complexes. It is, therefore, an effective analytical tool in many branches of science, particuladv in chemistry, physics, biolog.", and medicine. The apparatus and procedure requitEd for practical separations are r e m a ~ h h l ysimple. As an example, a strip of paper moisterled with a. baakgmurrd electwlytic solution is placed sclass s glass plate, the ends of the &ip dipping into separate vessel^ eont,ainine the electrolytic solution and platinum or graphite electrodee. A small drop of the solution of the mixture is placed in the center of the moist ittrip, which is then covered with another glass or plastic plate, and d.-c. potential is applied to the electrodes. After a suitable time wrying from one to a dozen or more houm, the d.-c. potential is disconnected, and the zones of the constituents oE the mixture are loeat,ed by suit,able nuclear, physical, chemical, or biological tests. Less than a decade ago this sepantory technique wan in its infancy. N o w t h e x are hundreds of art,icles dealing with t,his new subject and its applicxt,ians. Some 670 of these publications are cited in the hihliography of this new book. This hook treats the historical development, the apparat.us and nomenclature, the met,hods and prooedures, the mobility of the migrating substances, and numerous applications to various materials like proteins, lipoproteins, amino acids, carbohydrates, enzymes, hormones, vitamins, and inorganic substances. I t is the most camprehonsivr treatment of the subject that is now iwdilable, and it is a n indippensable guide for everyone who is interested in the resolution of mixtures. HAROLD H . STRAIN AR~ONW N*TION*L E L*BOR*TORY ILLINOIB LEMONT.
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LEHRBUCH DER ORGANISCHEN CHEMIE. BAND I, ZWEITE H ~ T E
Friedrich Kloges, Professor of Organic Chemistry, University of Munich. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, 1953. xv 453 pp. 6 figs. 16 tables. 17.5 X 24.5 cm. DM 62.
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THEh t "half volume" of this series has already been reviewed 32,293 (1955). I n this new part of the work the in THE JOURNAL, author and publisher continue in highly competent fashion to present msjor topics of standard systematic orgmir chemistry in the unified scheme whereby aliphatic, aromatio, and heterocyclic compounds and reactions are fused. Following msjor sections of the book devoted to nitrogen and sulfur compounds there appear representative discussions of special elements from selenium to chromium, together with a. discussion of free radicals. Next is Dresented a comorehensive treatise on cvclic com~ounds.
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IONOGRAPHY, the subject of this monograph, is more widely known by diverse, descriptive names such rts aone electrophore&, paper electrophoresis, differential electrical migration in stabiliaed media, electropherography, and electrochromstogaphy. All these terms are currently applied to a particular analytical technique that serves for the resolution of mixtures of solutes by differential electrical migration from an initially narrow aone in moist porous media like moist paper, m o i ~ tpowders, and gels. Ionography not only facilitates the extensive resolution of complex mixtures, but i t also pmviden the components without, chemical change or alteration. These separated componenk form discrete zones in the migration medium where they may be located, identified, estimated, or recovered by the pmeedures already perfected for the older, anelagous chromatogrwhy. This differential electrical migration technique i~ effective with all kinds of soluble or dispersible charged substances, ranging from the smallest inorganic ions (like lithium) to the largest, colloidal particles (like proteins). This method is also useful with nonionized substances that can he converted into ionized
tion, and degradation. As already noted in Volume 1-1, the author does not include any appreciable amount of the so-called "modern theory," or physical-organic chemistry, in his discussions of standard types of compound or reaction. Such theory is assigned to a succeeding volume. This does not mean omission of chemical principles, however. Neither does it mean that the "Lehrbuch" is a mere abbreviation of Beilstein. Organic compounds are selected for their usefulness in explaining organic chemistry, not because they may happen to he responsible for ten-million-dollar industries. For example, little 01. no attention is devoted to a. toluidine or 1-nitropropme. Designed for the European "doctorant" in chemistry, this work certainly presents classical arganio chemistry, as thoroughly uo to date ss one mieht reasonahlv demand for a. ~rofessionrtl ciemist of present-da; type. I t A l l now he interesting t o see how "Volume 11: Theory" will suit the Anglo-American physical-organic enthusiasts. G. ROSS ROBERTSON
