Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders of the Global Chemistry

Chapter 1

Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders of the Global Chemistry Enterprise: An Overview Downloaded by GAZI UNIV on March 17, 2016 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date (Web): September 2, 2015 | doi: 10.1021/bk-2015-1195.ch001

H. N. Cheng,*,1 Bradley Miller,2 and Marinda Li Wu3 1Southern

Regional Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1100 Robert E. Lee Boulevard, New Orleans, Louisiana 70124 2Office of International Activities, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 20036 32013 ACS President, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 20036 *E-mail: [email protected].

The global chemistry enterprise continues to be active and contributes substantially to the gross domestic products and employment in many countries. This article provides an overview of the issues of jobs, collaborations, and women leaders of the global chemistry enterprise. The availability of jobs is a significant contributor to the attractiveness of chemistry and chemical engineering as a career and ongoing job satisfaction of professionals working in this area. Included in this article are the issue of supply and demand of chemistry jobs, women as professors and professionals, and increased access to international career opportunities offered by ACS International Activities. Collaboration has always been known to be an effective method to stimulate and accelerate innovation. With increasing globalization, international collaboration is becoming increasingly important. A large number of successful international collaborations are provided in the chapters in this book and summarized in this article. The chemistry profession has often been difficult for women because of various forms of bias and competing priorities of family and career. Yet, a number of women scientists over the years have overcome difficulties and achieved notable success in scientific scholarship and/or professional leadership. Examples of successful women scientists, engineers, and leaders are © 2015 American Chemical Society Cheng et al.; Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders in the Global Chemistry Enterprise ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.

cited in this article and described in detail in this book. All the information has been taken from the lectures given in two international symposia at the ACS national meeting in San Francisco in August 2014.

Downloaded by GAZI UNIV on March 17, 2016 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date (Web): September 2, 2015 | doi: 10.1021/bk-2015-1195.ch001

Introduction The global chemistry enterprise continues to be very active with new products and processes developed in industrial and government laboratories and ongoing research and education in academia worldwide. The key to the success of the enterprise is the people involved. Some of the major challenges and opportunities facing the chemistry practitioners include jobs and careers, research and innovation, collaborations, leadership, and diversity. A schematic showing these issues is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1. Some major issues facing chemistry professionals today.

Many of the issues in Figure 1 have been dealt with in two earlier books of this series (1, 2). In the first book (“Vision 2025, How to Succeed in the Global Chemistry Enterprise”), 10 presidents of chemical societies around the world, together with leaders in academia, industry and government, share their perspectives on the future of the chemistry enterprise (1). The second book (“Careers, Entrepreneurship and Diversity: Challenges and Opportunities of the Global Chemistry Enterprise”) provides expert guidance on different career paths, including entrepreneurship and new business start-up, as well as diversity issues in the workplace (2). This third book is based on two symposia that took place at the 247th national ACS meeting in San Francisco in August 2014: 1) “Innovation from International Collaborations”, and 2) “Women Leaders of the Global Chemistry Enterprise.” The symposia speakers (and authors of the chapters in this book) are all leaders in the global chemistry community, and many are accomplished scientists and engineers. These global leaders share their valuable perspectives and experiences in this book. This article provides an overview of the topics: jobs, collaborations, and women leaders in the global chemistry enterprise. These are important and timely issues affecting chemistry practitioners today. Jobs certainly rate near 2 Cheng et al.; Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders in the Global Chemistry Enterprise ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.


the top of most people’s list of priorities. Jobs are also important to ACS as it seeks to help its members find and retain jobs. In the interconnected, globalized world today, collaboration is becoming an increasingly useful tool for career success. Collaboration can facilitate research, decrease time and cost, and permit risk-sharing. With faster and easier electronic communication, international collaboration is growing as an attractive option to facilitate innovation, access global talent, and produce better results. As recent as 25 years ago, women faced a lot of obstacles to pursue and continue a scientific career. Since then, some progress has been made, but further improvement is still needed. The 16 chapters written by women in this book serve as valuable documentation of the various challenges faced by women scientists and engineers in the past and the present and how they managed to overcome them. Because all the authors in this book are accomplished scientists and leaders in the global chemistry enterprise, their perspectives and experiences on the current topics should be of great interest to working chemistry professionals and students alike.

Jobs, Careers, and Global Mobility A key element in the issue of jobs is the supply of and the demand for jobs. An ACS Presidential Task Force was appointed by 2013 ACS President Marinda Wu to look at this issue. It was headed by Tiffany Hoerter of ACS Committee on Economic and Professional Affairs (CEPA). The task force did a great job. Among their findings (Chapter 2) (3), the chemical employment landscape seems to be shifting and starting salaries are declining. Moreover, the increased supply of bachelor’s degree chemists has not been met with an adequate increase in demand. The task force recommends that the focus of ACS leaders, volunteers, and staff should be on the alignment of skills with employment needs. There is also a need for increased vigilance to remain at the forefront of chemical employment and economic trending (3). Over the past forty years, the number of women in the chemistry enterprise has steadily increased; currently almost one-third of the chemistry workforce are women. Kimberly Woznack (4) has provided a chapter on “Mothers who are Chemists in American Academe: Resources to Support Academic Parents in Chemistry.” She investigates the unique challenges and rewards present for women chemists working in academia, particularly highlighting some of the literature helpful to various specific affinity groups at the intersection of gender, profession, parental status, and discipline. As the world is becoming progressively more globalized, international education and work experience is considered valuable by many employers. Brad Miller, in his chapter (5), describes the efforts that ACS has made to facilitate global mobility and international experience. He delves in detail on two ACS programs: ACS International CenterTM and International Research Experience for Undergraduates (IREU). Both programs have been very successful, and many students and younger scientists have benefited from these programs. 3 Cheng et al.; Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders in the Global Chemistry Enterprise ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.


Innovation and International Collaboration – ACS-Related Programs and Activities In the current environment, innovation can often be facilitated by international collaboration. According to the figures reported by the Royal Society, more than 35% of scientific articles today are the results of international collaborations among researchers from different countries. In view of these trends, ACS has developed more programs and opportunities to increase international collaboration and innovation. In this book several chapters provide many examples of such programs. William Carroll, in his chapter (6), gives an overview of ACS international activities and the mechanisms used to advance member-serving global engagement. He touches on ACS International Chapters, ACS strategic alliances and partnerships, international collaborative conferences (such as the Chemical Sciences and Societies Summits and Global Innovation Imperatives meetings), global outreach programs (e.g., BOOST program in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand, and Festival de Quimica in Latin America and China), and leadership coordination efforts to address human rights issues. One of the successful examples of international collaboration was the International Year of Chemistry (IYC) in 2011. In the chapter provided by Bryan Henry (7), he reviews some of the successes of IYC, the various events and activities held around the globe, and how the global chemistry community can build upon IYC’s achievements. As another example, ACS has collaborated with the Pittsburgh Conference (Pittcon) since 1995 to improve analytical instrumentation expertise of early and mid-career analytical chemists from developing and transitional countries. In his chapter, Richard Danchik (8), who has been instrumental in this ACS-Pittcon collaboration, discusses how this collaboration started, and how it created new networking and educational opportunities for the participating chemists. Morton Hoffman and Zafra Lerman, in their chapter (9), discuss the Malta Conference, which is another excellent example of international collaboration. These conferences have taken place biennially since 2003, and they transcend geopolitical boundaries and international politics to provide a forum to discuss scientific and educational issues important to the Middle East and the world. Hoffman and Lerman describe how using science as diplomacy has created a bridge toward peace in conflicted regions of the world and has led to innovative products, processes, and educational resources. A good example of successful international collaboration involving an ACS technical division is the Pacific Polymer Federation (PPF), a cooperation initially between ACS Polymer Division (POLY), Society of Polymer Science in Japan (SPSJ), and Royal Australian Chemistry Institute (RACI), and now joined by several other chemical organizations. William Daly, in his chapter (10), provides the history and an overview of the founding, evolution, and operation of this organization and the ways it has stimulated international collaboration and innovation in the Pacific Rim region.

4 Cheng et al.; Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders in the Global Chemistry Enterprise ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.


Innovation and International Collaboration – International and Business Perspectives Certainly ACS is not the only organization to recognize the benefits of increased international collaboration. A number of other organizations and businesses have been working to develop collaborative programs and activities in order to facilitate innovation and to further the organization’s strategic goals. The Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ) has been promoting the progress of chemistry in Brazil through a number of programs, including international collaborations. In his chapter Adriano Andricopulo (11) describes the successful “Science Without Borders” program, which funds Brazilian students to study science and engineering abroad and top foreign researchers to work in Brazil for academic or research purposes. He also indicates that Brazil will host for the first time the IUPAC World Chemistry Congress in 2017. Andy Hor, in his chapter (12), looks at Asia’s growing economy, its emergence, and the opportunities for continued partnership between ACS and Federation of Asian Chemical Societies (FACS). Several possible approaches are suggested, e.g., faculty and student exchange, industrial consortia, trilateral agreements with a third party, and collaborative programs with individual chemical societies within FACS. In a chapter provided by Marcus Behnke (13), he showcases a successful multilateral funding program managed by the Committee on Chemistry Research Funding under IUPAC. They have developed a robust system that overcomes administrative barriers to international collaborative research. Sanjeev Katti and Ajit Sapre (14) report in their chapter that Reliance, one of the largest refining and petro-chemical companies in the world, is undergoing a major transformation with emphasis on R&D to support their businesses. They have embraced the open innovation concept and have engaged in sponsored R&D, collaborations, and joint development programs with appropriate Indian and international institutes and universities, national labs, start-up and established companies world-wide. Peter Koelsch (15) provided a chapter illustrating 3M’s successful product development processes. Globally 3M strives to have over 30% of its sales derived from products introduced during the past 5 years. In order to accomplish this, effective sharing of technology, capabilities, and customer insights around the globe is critical. He describes some important practices and provides some examples of how a global technical network collaborates and fosters innovation. Eloise Young (16) works at NineSigma, and she discusses in her chapter how open innovation is a proven method for creating fruitful partnerships that can reduce time to market and uncover innovations that often lie at the intersection of two industries, or two technical disciplines. She has provided examples that show how successful international connections and discoveries have been made as a result of open innovation, and addresses the fundamentals of building an open innovation program. In a chapter provided by Lewis Whitehead, et al (17), they discuss Novartis’ Fellows program for African academic scientists. The program provides a 9 week-long industrial immersion experience at the Novartis lab in Cambridge, MA, 5 Cheng et al.; Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders in the Global Chemistry Enterprise ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.


in partnership with Seeding Labs. The Fellows learn new laboratory techniques and improve their science communication skills. In particular, computational chemistry has minimal requirements and is ideally suited as an area for scientific capacity building in Africa. This work was partly funded by an ACS International Activities Committee Global Innovation Grant. Jorge Colón, in his chapter (18), discusses the workshops held in Puerto Rico and Haiti following the the 2010 Haiti earthquake in order to assist Haiti’s future development and reconstruction efforts. The report that came out of those workshops is titled: “Science for Haiti: A Report on Advancing Haitian Science and Science Education Capacity.” He presents an update of current international collaborations to advance Haitian science, as well as science education capacity and innovation.

Women Leaders of the Global Chemistry Enterprise In the global chemistry enterprise, women have played an increasing role over the years. Of course, these successes have not been achieved without difficulties or challenges. In this book 16 distinguished women scientists and engineers provide first-hand accounts of their personal experiences of how to meet and overcome these challenges. These stories are truly inspiring and helpful to readers who may encounter these same challenges in the future. Darleane Christian Hoffman, in her chapter (19), recounts the role women have played in chemistry and how they inspired her to pursue a career in the field. She describes the profound impact chemistry has made on her life, and the opportunities given her even after marriage and having children. Through diligence and intelligence, she distinguished herself in transuranium chemistry and became the second female recipient of the Priestley Medal, the highest honor that ACS provides. Drawing on nearly 45 years as a leader in the chemistry community and chemical communication, Madeleine Jacobs in her chapter (20) describes her life’s journey, from a young girl growing up in her grandmother’s house in Washington, D.C., to becoming the Chief Executive Officer of ACS, the world’s largest scientific society. In her chapter, she provides insights on how to build a satisfying career and personal life. Zafra Lerman, in her chapter (21), describes her chemistry experience and how she realized, while conducting research on isotope effects that she wanted to make chemistry accessible to all. Her tenant in life is that equal access to science education is a human right. She has developed a method of teaching chemistry using art, music, dance, and drama, which has attracted students at all educational levels. Her work has also led her to the creation of the Malta Conferences, discussed in an earlier chapter. Ann Nalley (22) was born to poor cotton farmers in the early 40s, became a chemist, and was elected to be the 2006 President of ACS. She described in her chapter the obstacles she had to overcome as a woman as she earned a Ph.D. in Chemistry and the successes she celebrated along the way. She also shared success stories in undergraduate research and how these have contributed to her success. 6 Cheng et al.; Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders in the Global Chemistry Enterprise ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.


Marinda Li Wu (23) once dreamed of becoming a scientist or ambassador. She chose to be a chemist and had a very successful career first at Dow Chemical, and then as an entrepreneur and owner of her own business while volunteering for ACS. The challenges she faced as an Asian-American woman strengthened her leadership skills. She just completed three years in the ACS Presidential succession. In her chapter, she tells her story of how destiny and determination impacted her journey to getting elected as the 8th woman and first Asian American President of ACS. Even now she continues to be a global “ambassador”, advocating for science, education, and diversity. In Brazil, the scientific profession has recently opened its doors to women. Vanderlan Bolzani (24) provides data in her chapter to show that despite improvements, female scientists in Brazil continue to face an uphill battle against discrimination, unequal pay, and funding disparities. She also gave a brief overview of the research on natural products chemistry from Brazilian biodiversity and her significant contributions in that field. She has proven that with enough passion and dedication, it is possible to overcome difficulties and achieve scientific leadership in her field and professional leadership in chemical societies. Lydia Galagovsky, in her chapter (25), recalls the two dreams she had when she was a secondary school student: to become a teacher and to succeed as a medical scientist. As it turned out, she chose chemistry in college and obtained a PhD in organic chemistry that led to a career in both medicinal chemistry and chemical education in Argentina. Thirty years later, she has multiple achievements and realized both of her dreams. She also provides two pieces of advice for a researcher: work hard and persevere in the face of setbacks. In her chapter, Barbara Loeb (26) tells the story of her personal life as a mother and her professional life as a faculty member at the P. Universidad Católica de Chile. She reflects on the challenges and opportunities of a woman faculty member, and her joy of teaching and “bringing up” teenagers to adults. She looks at both her personal and her professional life, and how much the two lives crossed paths and influenced each other. Noemí Elisabeth Walsöe de Reca, in her chapter (27), recounts her experience studying chemistry, from early childhood to adulthood and motherhood. The author reflects on how hard work and dedication have led her to achieve her goals and earn several awards. She is active in research in Argentina with 300 papers and 33 PhD students. She has also raised three sons and is a busy grandmother as well. Gheorghiţa Jinescu (28) presents in her chapter a brief story of her professional life, portraying chance and destiny on the road of becoming the first woman-professor of chemical engineering in Romania. She attributed her success to the help of her professors, her persistent hard work, her dedication to teaching, and her service to her profession. She has been active in professional activities and has made special efforts to help women engineers in their careers. Mama El Rhazi (29) recounts in her chapter her chemistry experience: first earning a bachelor’s degree in Morocco, Master’s and PhD degrees in Paris, beginning her professional career teaching chemistry in France, and returning home to contribute to scientific development. She currently is a full time Professor 7 Cheng et al.; Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders in the Global Chemistry Enterprise ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.


in the department of chemistry at the University of Sciences & Technologies in Mohammedia. She has been President of the Moroccan Society of Analytical Chemistry for sustainable development and Vice President of the Federation of African Societies of Chemistry. Bice Martincigh (30) recounts her experience in her chapter growing up in South Africa, studying chemistry and later becoming associate professor in the School of Chemistry and Physics at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban. The author offers advice to aspiring female chemists through the lessons she learned: find an area that you really like, explore the field, rely on your own efforts and determination, and stand up for your beliefs. In her chapter, Samira Ibrahim Islam (31) describes her decision to pursue science as a result of encouragement, inspiration, hard work, and perseverance. She completed her education abroad and became the first Saudi woman ever to complete secondary education, obtain a Bachelor and Ph.D. degree, and become a Professor of Pharmacology. She recounts her chemistry experience and the profound impact it made on women pursuing science in Saudi Arabia. In her chapter, Mannepalli Lakshmi Kantam (32) retraces her life’s journey, opting to pursue chemistry (instead of medicine), and becoming the first female director of a major research institute in India. She has been successful in designing and developing catalysts and innovative green and economical chemical processes. She has 290 research publications, 43 international patents, and numerous recognitions for her achievements. She attributes her success to her willingness to work and strong will to make decisions. In Japan today, more women are encouraged to study science and engineering and work throughout their careers. This change is not easy because Japanese society has the long-held tradition that men and women serve different roles in society. In a chapter provided by Kazue Kurihara (33), she describes her efforts to change the traditional roles, and how she has successfully worked as a chemist through the Japanese system. Supawan Tantatayanon (34) describes in her chapter her multiple roles as a daughter, wife, mother, teaching professional, and leader in the global chemistry community. She is strong, capable, confident, and adaptable. After earning a Ph.D. in chemistry, she taught and performed chemistry research in Chulalongkorn University in Thailand. She set up several new graduate programs, served in numerous science foundations and societies, and became the first female President of the Chemical Society of Thailand and the Federation of Asian Chemical Societies. In research, she made notable contributions in polymer chemistry, small-scale chemistry, and green chemistry.

Acknowledgments Thanks are due to all the contributors of this ACS symposium book for their hard work and inspiring stories. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 8 Cheng et al.; Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders in the Global Chemistry Enterprise ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.

References Vision 2025: How to Succeed in the Global Chemistry Enterprise; Cheng, H. N., Shah, S., Wu, M. L., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 1157; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2014. 2. Careers, Entrepreneurship, and Diversity: Challenges and Opportunities in the Global Chemistry Enterprise; Cheng, H. N., Shah, S., Wu, M. L., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 1169; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2014. 3. Hoerter, T.; Brgoch, J.; Ewing, W. R.; Glasgow, K.; Geenblatt, L.; Kosbar, L.; Rios-Mckee, B. Supply and Demand of Chemists in the United States. In Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders of the Global Chemistry Enterprise; Cheng, H. N., Miller, B. D., Wu, M. L., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 1195; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015; Chapter 2, pp 15−33. 4. Woznack, K. A. Mothers who are Chemists in American Academe: Resources to Support Academic Parents in Chemistry. In Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders of the Global Chemistry Enterprise; Cheng, H. N., Miller, B. D., Wu, M. L., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 1195; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015; Chapter 3, pp 35−45. 5. Miller, B. D. How does ACS promote international experience and global mobility? In Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders of the Global Chemistry Enterprise; Cheng, H. N., Miller, B. D., Wu, M. L., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 1195; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015; Chapter 4, pp 47−56. 6. Carroll, W. F. ACS International Activities: Mechanisms to Advance Member-Serving Global Engagement. In Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders of the Global Chemistry Enterprise; Cheng, H. N., Miller, B. D., Wu, M. L., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 1195; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015; Chapter 5, pp 59−65. 7. Henry, B. R. International Year of Chemistry: Our Celebration. In Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders of the Global Chemistry Enterprise; Cheng, H. N., Miller, B. D., Wu, M. L., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 1195; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015; Chapter 6, pp 67−73. 8. Danchik, R. S. International collaborations: Pittcon/ACS international visiting scientists program. In Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders of the Global Chemistry Enterprise; Cheng, H. N., Miller, B. D., Wu, M. L., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 1195; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015; Chapter 7 pp 75−80. 9. Hoffman, M. Z.; Lerman, Z. M. The Malta Conferences: Fostering International Scientific Collaborations toward Peace in the Middle East. In Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders of the Global Chemistry Enterprise; Cheng, H. N., Miller, B. D., Wu, M. L., Eds.; ACS Symposium Series 1195; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015; Chapter 8, pp 81−95. 10. Daly, W. H. Pacific Polymer Federation: A Model for International Cooperation. In Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders of the Global


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Jobs, Collaborations, and Women Leaders of the Global Chemistry

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