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Abstracts from American and Foreign Journals.
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solution is allowed t o stand for forty-eight hours, it is decomposed into mannitetetrasulphuric acid. A longer standing produces a further decomposition. Dulcite dissolves in S0,HCl with the formation of dulcitane, which in turn yields dulcitanepentasulphuric acid. This acid could not be obtained pure, and its barium salt forms a hygroscopic amorphous powder Grape sugar, dextrine, starch and cellulose, dissolve in chlorsnlphuric acid, and form one and the same crystalline compound, dextrosemonochloridetetrasulphuric acid, C,H,O(SO,H),Cl, which rotates the plane of polarization strongly to the right, is deliquescent, and is easily decomposed by water, yielding a salt free from chlorine. T h e aqueous solution of the acid, after standing a day, is changed into dext rosetrisulphuric acid. Inuline acts very energetically on clilorsiilphnric acid, and seems to form it like levulosesulphuric acid, but owing to the ease with which it is decomposed, it could not be prepared. Cane sugar is split up into dextrose and levulose by the action of S0,HCl. Milk sugar yields a crystalline compound corresponding to dextrosechloridetetrasulphiiric acid. O n the Presence of Bacteida, or tlteir Germs, i n the Organs of Healthy, L i e i n g A?&imals,AI. NENCKI and P. GIACOSA(20, 34).-The authors describe a number of experiments in which they recognized such presence. Results of the Norwegian North Sea Expedition, H. T O R N ~ E author has estimated the amount of carbonic acid a t different depths and in different degrees of latitude, without finding, however, any law governing the amount of acid. The neutral-comhined carbonicacid varied from 51.4 to 55.4 mgrms per liter, and the acid-combined, from 39.7 to 47.9 mgrms per liter. (20, 44).--The
O u tlhe Recovery of S I C Z ~ I LfItW ' o i i b SulpIttimtis Acid and SulpIbiwetted Wydr*ogen,J, STINGI. and TH. MIORA\VSICI (20, 76).-The autliors investigated the method of Schaffner and Helbig for the recovery of sulphur and carbonate of lime from soda residues. This method consists i n treating the fresh soda residues with a corresponding amount of magnesium chloride, i n hermetically closed iron retorts, a t an elevated temperature, whereby magnesium hydrate and sulphuretted hydrogen are obtained : Cas MgCI, 2H,O = CaCI, Mg(OH), H,S. The sulphuretted hydrogen then coming in contact with siilphiirous acid and a solution of magnesium or calciuni chloride, deposits 8111-
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phur in a flocky, quickly subsiding precipitate. The same solution of CaCI, or MgCI, may be used repeatedly. Sting1 and Morawski have found, that according to the concentration at a higher or lower temperature, the magnesium chloride and calcium sulphide react on each other, producing a magnesiuni sulphide, probably Mg4S6, which, in turn, a t an elevated temperature ill contact with water, is resolved into Mg(OH),, with the forniatiori of H,S. I n the action of sulphuretted hydrogen on sulphurous acid, sulphur and pentathionic acid are formed, the yield of sulphur being largest when the 13,s is in excess, and the solution of sulphurous acid is very dilute. Pentathioriic acid, the authors state, is decomposed by the carbonates of the alkalies and the alkaline earths, i n the cold, t o tetrathioriic! acid, but in the heat, to tetrathionic acid and sulphur. T h e sulphur precipitated in these reactions quickly sthttles in flakes when a salt is present. Contribution to the Chemistry of’ the Ciwom-Ammonia Compounds, S. M. J ~ R G E N S E (20, N 10d).-The author begins with chloropurpureochromium chloride, which is best prepared by allowing the chroniium chloride to oxidize in an ammoniacal solution of ammonium chloride, and by precipitating the same by boiling with hydrochloric acid. A t the same time, minute traces of luteochromium chloride are formed. The chloropurpureochromium chloi*ide, (CI,[Cr,l oNH,])Cl,, precipitated by hydrochloric acid, forms red, anhydrous, microscopic, octahedral crystals, that are soluble with difficulty in cold water. T h e neutral aqueous solution is very unstable, light quickly decomposing it with the separation of hydrated oxide of chromium. Boiling the aqueous solution changes it partly into the roseochroniium chloride. The ammoniacal solution, on boiling slowly, deposits hydrated oxide of chromium j the presence of ammonium chloride, however, prevents the decomposition. The alkaline solutions of the salt are violet colored I n acids the chloropurpureochromium chloride is insoluble; i n fact, the acids precipitate it from its salts. Nitrate of silver precipitates only 4C1, the otiier t w o atoms are only precipitated on boiling. I n this respect i t behaves exactly like the corresponding cobalt compound. T h e author goes on to describe the action of various substances, such as KCN, K,Cr04, Na.&$O,, K,Cr,O,, H,S, &c., on the chromium salt. T h e platinum double salt, CI,[Cr,loNH,](PtCI,),, is a brown, crystalline precipitate. T h e other salts, which correspond to the general formula (Cl,[Cr,loNH,])R,, are obtained by adding the
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aqueous solution of chloropurpureochromium chloride (prepared in t h e cold) t o the necessary acid. The bromide, (Cl,[Cr,loNH,])Br,, forms carmine red needles; the mercury double salt, Cl,[Cr,loNH,](Hg,CI,),, long insoluble needles, that decompose in the light, &c. On the Constltution of DesoxaZic Acid, JOSEPHKLEIN(20, 146).-In 1861, Loewig, by the reduction of oxalic: acid ether with sodium amalgam, obtained a crystalline substance, having the formula C,,H,,O,, which he regards as triethyl ether of the tribasic desoxalic Brunner, however, regards the same substance as POHacid, C,H,O,. T h e author, on insessing the formula, C,,H,O, = C,H,(C,H,),O,. vestigation, confirms the results of Loewig in every respect. He has prepared the monacetyl, the diacetyl, the monobenzoyle and the dibenzoyle compounds, in the form of thick, syrupy uncrystalline bodies. P r e p a r a t i o n of Nitro Acids of the Fattv Series, LEWKOWITSCH (20, 159).-The author has prepared the corresponding nitro compounds by treating iodo-acetic ether, &propionic ether and /rpropionic acid, with argentic nitrite. T h e nitropropionic ether obtained is a colorless, mobile liquid, of an etherial odor, that boils a t 161-165'. P-nitropropionic acid forms crystals possessing a mother of pearl lustre, that melt a t 66-67", T i n and hydrochloric acid reduce it to &alanine. The Teuchinys of Chemical Valence a n d their R d a t i o n t o the Electro-Chemical Theory, ALnREciiT RAU(20, 209).-The article does not admit of abstraction. Contribution to the Knowledge of Sulphonniline Acid, C. LAAR(20, 242).-?'lie author finds that the acid crystallizes in two well defined modifications, the one in rhombic plates with one molecule of H,O, the other in monosymmetrical plates with two molecules of H,O. He makes his research, Iiowever, more especially on the salts of the acid, and has prepared a number of the same. The soda salt, Na.C,H,.NH,.SO,.2H2O, crystallizes in leaves ; the potash salt, with 1+H,O, in rhombic prisms ; the baryta salt, with %jH,O, in rhombic prisms ; the copper salt, with 4tI,O, in blackish-green prisms, that lose their water of crystallization a t loo', and become reddish-brown in color. T h e aniline salt Crystallizes in needles, and on heating to 150' in its dry condition, loses its aniline, and the acid remains behind. T h e author, however, has more particularly studied the action of phosphorus pentachloride on the potash salt of the sulplioaniline acid. On adding phosphorus pentachloride to potassium sulphoaniline beneath dry benzole, after the evaporation of the ben-
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zole, small, spindle-shaped crystals are obtained, that melt a t 158'. T h e body is very unstable. T h e analysis gives the formula :
I n order to p r e p r e the ether corre\poiiding to this chloride, the author heats on the water b,itli a d r y mixture of potassium sulphoaniline with phosphorus pentachloride. T h e ram product was then poured into abiolute alcohol, filtered and mixecl with w
