March 1954
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
In June 1952, the total number of commercial and municipal airports in the five states was: IUmois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin
146 120
203 188
150 (10)
In the same year, the total number of miles of airways in each of the states was: Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin
5490 5174 4098 7015
1545 (9)
LITEXATURE CITED
.
Bedt. J. Edwin. “Commodity Oripinn. Traffic and Markets Aceeaaible to Chesgo vm the lllrnols Waterwsay.” pp 1. 5 6. 12. 17. 20, 21. 27. 28. 31, 34, 93, 94. 88. 100, 101. 141-5. 1 5 7 4 . CLcapo. Illrnoia f i v e r Csmers h a m . . 19.52 (2) Carpa of Enpin&. U. S. Army, “Transwrtati& Lines on the Great Lakes.” 1953. (1)
(3) Defense Trsnaport Adminia-
trstion. Washington 25, D. C., “Tank Car Story.” 1951. (4) Dupree. M. C.. Asblsnd Oil Relining Co.. “Importance of River Transportstion to the Petroleum Industry.” presented before National Petroleum Association, Cleveland, Ohio. April 16, 1953. (5) Eastern Railroad Presidenta’ Conferenoe. N. Y.. “Yesrbook of Railroad Information.” 1951 edition, p. 5. (6) Interstate Cornmeroe Commjssion. “Statistioa of Oil Pipe Line Companies for 1951.” Wsshington 25. D. C., p. 9, 1952. (7)Lake Carriers b o i a t i o n . Annual Report. 1952. (8)Petroleum Administration for Defenae, “Transportation of Oil, PP. 12.az-.5.46.47,1951. (9) Stern. Ben. director. 05- of Aviation Information. letter to Civil Aeronautics Administration, U. S. Dept. of Cornmeroe. (101 U . 8. Deot. Commerce. “Statistical Abstract of the United
Labor and Manpower J. S. WILSON CORN PRODUCTS REFINING CO., CHICAQO 6. ILL.
Labor and manpower resources of the East North Central States have been studied with respect to age, education, occupation, and income. Current figu=w are given on employment and unemployment in each state. Bet m n 1940 and 1950 the total population in these states ins& from 26,600,000 to 30,400,000 and is still increasing. The increase in total n o n h work force ha. been far greater than the population increase might indicate. The nu&r of technically trained men and women and the extent of their unemployment are estimated. T h e effect of Koma on the amount and type of immigration fmm other s t a t r and from outnide the United States is shown. Economic statistic. on several occupatiolvl a m giVRn, am well aa statistics on the income of the general population. These states have shown a surprising ability to muster the necessary wozk force for the increase in industrial employment that each of them has experienced. FuFther major increase in the total work force appears to be dependent on an increase in the number of female workers and on additional shifting of the population.
T
HE East North Central States have a total population of
over 31,000,000 of which approximately 14,000,000were employed in May 1953. Unemployment in the total area appeared to he under 2% in May 1953 and was down t o nearly 1% in some of the largest industrial centers. Most of the data in this paper were compiled from information published by the Bureau of the Census far 1950 and by the individual employment commissions of each state for the mouths of March, April, and May 1953. The people of these states are engaged in such diverse means of earning a living that few sweeping generalbations cnn be made about their occupations and wage rates. Self-employed persons, managers of large businesses, farmers, domestics, and members of the Armed Forces will not generalty be available to operate new
chemical plants. All the figures given for nonagricultural employment exclude members of the foregoing gmups.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LABOR FORCE There is much similarity io the population of all the East North Central States with respect tb the age and education of the work force. About 55% of the total population was over 14 years of age in 1950,and nearly all this group is potentially available for employment. Actually about 40% of the population over 14 years of age was included in the total work force in 1950. About 24% of the population was over 50 years of age, and 9% was past 65. Only Michigan’s population varied appreciably fmm these averages with slightly fewer persans in the last two age groups. Between 1 and 2% of the total population of these states over 25 years of age bad no formal schooling. The mediau years of education completed for adults over 25 in these states varied from 9 to 10 years. Fifty per cent of the total population under 30 years of age is still attending formal academic classes, exclusive of trade schools. The number of technically trained men and women in these state8 could not be established with satisfactory accuracy because of the wide discrepancies in the definitions used for technical training. At any rate, there is certainly no surplus. In 1950 some 13% of the total population 25 years of age and over had completed the 8th grade; an additional 13% had completed high school; another 4% had completed 1 to 3 years of college, and anot,her 3.3% had completed 4 years of college. The extent of unemployment amongthetotalworkforcereported for April in the 1950 Census varied from a low of 2.9% in Wisconsin to B high of 5.4% in Michigan. During the past 3 years the total work force in these states is estimated by the author to have increased 15%. Ohio appears to have had the greatest increase percentagewise and Wisconsin the lowest. However, unemployment in these states in April 1953 must have been under 2% which is probably the lowest over-all figure since 1944.
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
502
Table I.
Vol. 46, No. 3
Population Data for East North Central States Based on U. S. Census Reports, 1950
Population 14 years a n d older % 50 years and olde;, % 65 years and older, Education Eighth grade High school College 1-3 years 4 years hIedian years schooling Labor force Unemployed, $6 hIale, 70 Female. % Konwhite, c/o On private wage a n d salary, % Government employees, % Self-employed, %
Ohio 7,946,627 53.5 24.1 8.9
Indiana 3,934 224 53:s 23.7 9.2
Illinois 8,712,116 55.4 24.8 8.7
hIlClllgdll
Kisconsin
6,371,160 53.8 21.6 7.2
3,434,675 54.7 24.5 9.0
1,080,85Z 1,097,685
583,475 537,560
1,424,920 1,134,915
802,015 801,750
>99,365 408,905
321,480 271,140 9.9 3,201,109
146,010 119,505 9.6 1,567,227 3.1 74 26 4.4 73.9 7.7 17.0
383,325 318,480 9.3 3,693,948 4.0 71 29 7.6 77.4 8.0 13.7
251, m n 193,883 9.9 2,639,0130 0 ,4 7 .i
145,845 107,670 8.9 1,396,383 2.9 73 27 1.2 07.4 7.8 20.3
4.4
73 27
6.5
77.4 8.5 13.1
2J
7.1 7 7 .:i 8 .4 18.8
Table 11. Total Wage and Salary Nonagricultural Employment in Private Industry Based on Individual Employment Commission Reports, 1953 Sonagriculture employees Nonnianufacturing employees
Ohio 3,061,300 1,633,200
Indiana 1,407,400 731,400
Tllinois 3,372,800 2,031,200
LIichignn 2,366,000 1 , 0 8 0 .on0
Xiaconsin 1 .OO4,100 718.000
1\Ianufacturing Tvork week R a t e per hour Total employees
41.1 81.93 1,408,100
41.3 S1.85 G76,000
41.8 $1.84 1,841,600
42.2 $2.01 I 280.000
.i I h ,100
Durable goods x o r k week Rate per hour Total einployees
1 ,044,500
42.5 51.88 896,500
1.093,000
41.5 $1,97
41.7 530; i o 0
._. ...
42.3 $1.81
.-,
42.7
S1.87 ~8.400
Sondurable goods work week Rate per hour Total employees
39.8 $1.81 363,600
14;;500
40.2 81.77 445,100
1 8 7 ,ocn
41.5 $1.67 127,700
Chemical industry work week Rate per hour Total employees
41.3 $2 no 35,000
39.3 S1.86 21,000
41 .O 41.79 54,000
41.3 $1 91 44 ,030
11.2 11.73 I ,500
40.3 $2.30 13,000
40.1 $2.16 16,000
... i4:ooo
...
Petroleum and coal u o r k week Rate per hour Total employees Construction workeis Kate per hour Total employees 0
a
36.6 82.62 1:3,000
39.8
13i:ooo
4 1 .o ,
