book reviews
throughout all phases of the text does make for interestine and informative resdine:
found in most general chemistry textbooks, since industrial processes are described rather in detail wherever it is possible throughout the book. In fact; the instructor using the hook will have to pick and choose some of the material and perticulmly only portions of the exercises since over a thousand are available at the end of the chapters. Teachers of beginning college chemistry who are concerned with the problems of accepting average students into a program which is destined to serve as a science requirement and in preparation for more chemistry should find this book very helpful. The explanations me clear and concise, and the illustrations are particularly well done. The separation of the problem examples from the text by a colored line, emphasizes the importance of the quantitative nature of chemistry and can be used extensively, or left out by choice. The inchion of the features mentioned above, plus the absence of typographical errors and misstatements makes it easier for the student and the teacher to select an adequsteprogramfor general chemistry.
presentation. There has been considerable reorganiaation in the presentation of material. C h a p ters have been shifted around, and some topics have been placed in new and s e p arate chaoters. The text now consists
in the earlier text. Major changes are found in the following chapters: Density and Specific Gravity (material now in a separate chapter), Spectrophotometry (formerly, Colorimetry), Theory and Praetice of Titrimetry Based on the Formation of a Precipitate, Theory and Practice of Titrimetry Based on the Formation of a Slightly Dissociated Compound (material on precipitates and slightly dissociated compounds was previously found in a single chapter). The remaining chapters include revisions of various degrees; such revisions including the deletion of some topics (for example, titrstions with bromate and indirect analysis), plus the inclusion of new topics (for example, single-pan balances and relative standard deviation). JAMESF. C ~ R W I N As in the earlier hook, answers to the numerical problems are not included. Antioch College The book includes brief, but valuable, Yellow Springs, Ohio 46387 passages celled Notes at the end of a number of chapters. New laboratory experiments include the determination of aluminum in brass, using EDTA, and determination of calcium and magnesium in the analysis of limestone, using EDTA. Quantitative Analysis: Elementary The laboratory procedures throughout the Principles and Practice book appear to be quite good. In the revision process some attempts Haruey Diehl, Iowa State University. have been made to update the descriptive Oakland Street Science Press, Ames, material by using modern terms and 454 pp. Figs. Iows, 1970. vii phrases; for example the use of titrimetric and tables. 29.2 X 22.5 cm. $12.50. in place of volumetric and the use of nanometer. I t is unfortunate that not all This introductory textbook presents a striking appearance. The book is exsuch changes were made; for example A F is still used in place of AG and molar extremely well bound, rests flat when opened tinction coefficient is still used. Much of to any page, contains wide margins for the material is still presented in a. very making notes, and contains well presented elementary form. The reviewer questions figures and tables. After the initial exthe statement that the activity of elecamination of the book, the reviewer looked trolytes "is properly a subject for the for the Preface. There is no Preface to course in physical chemistry" (p. 131). explain the author's "purpose or philosIntroductory courses can introduce such a ophy." An examination was then made concept, and it is misleading to introduce of the book, "Quantitative Analysis," by H. Diehl and G. F. Smith (THIS the discussion of the Nernst equation by defining and using only molar concentra30, 321 (1953)) in order to comJOURNAL, tions (p. 196). The passages on rtcids and pare the two texts. It became apparent immediately that, although modifications bases do not make use of the BronstedLowry concept. The subject presentahad been made, the two texts were very tions in the chapters are generally written similar. Much of the written descriptive with clarity. More literature references material, including meny numerical prohcould have been given. Although the lems, figures, lab experiments, tables, plus organization of material is quite good, much of the Appendix, and the Glossary, some orders of presentation might have has been taken from the 1952 text. This been improved. Thus, peptieation is book, therefore, becomes essentially a mentioned in Chapter 7 (General Operarevision of an earlier ane-a revision with the following major change: "A fair tions of Quantitative Analysis), graviamount of the history of chemistry has metric determinations are presented in been incorporated into the text. This is Chapter 8, and separation by precipitation a, distinct departure from American praeis discussed in Chapter 21. tice and places this text in the forefront This text will he recogniaed as a revision of the trend in undergraduate education by those familiar with the 1952 book. away from the premature presentation of For those not familiar with the earlier text, advanced technical material and toward it should be noted that the present text a more humanistic and cultural approach." contains the traditional material presented The inclusion of much such material in an elementary form. The criticisms
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A38
/
Journal o f Chemical Education
mentioned above are not serious ones; the present hook does not differ markedly from the trsditional texts currently available and compares well with them. The book contains sufficient material for a onesemester or two-quarter course in quantitative analysis for freshmen or sophomores (it is used a t Iowa State University as s. text for a two-quarter course giien to freshmen students majoring in chemistry), but does not contain sufficientmaterial for a. second or more advanced course, such as "instrumental analysis."
J. M. PAPPENHAQEN Kenyon College aambier, Ohio @OB
Analytical Determinations and Separations: A Textbook in Quantitative Analysis
C. T. Kenner, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas. Assisted by Richad E. O'Brien, El Centro Junior College, Dallas, Texas. The Macmillan 395 pp. Co., New York, 1971. xx Figs. and tables. 26.2 X 18.5 em. $9.95.
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Laboratory Directions for Analytical Separations and Determinationr: A Manual for Quantitative Analysis
C. T. Kenner, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas. The Macmillan 216 pp. Co., New York, 1971. vii Figs. and tables. 25.5 X 17.8 cm. $3.95.
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As Professor Kenner states in his Preface to "Analytical Determinations and Separations," the chemistry curriculum is in a. state of flux. In addition, he is absolutelv correct in that the ouantitative
ate chemistry courses. Here yesterday, gone today, back in another spot tomorrow. No one can say with certainty what the sndytical course will he or where it will settle down in the "newer" chemistry curricula being developed at this time. This uncertainty is one of the causes for the somewhat unsatisfactory nature of the books (or book) being reviewed. In discussions with various people, one acquires the feeling that the economio difficulties of the publishing industry have led many publishers to try to make sure that every text-hook is suitable for all possible markets. Professor Kenner correctly indicates that there is a need for a lower level quantitative analysis book than some of those presently available. Hawever, a. book of this sort naturally would have a limited market. Therefore, somewhere along the l i ~Professor , Kenner has been prevailed upon to add sections an several of the more sophisticated analytical techniques and we are back to ground zero again. We now have a book covering the elementary principles in a really excellent manner, with chapters an spectrophotom(Continued on page A4O)
chemioal thermodynamics. The trend is seen in the organization of most of the recent general chemistry textbooks as well etry and chromatography grafted on. as in the publication of a half doaen or The latter two areas are covered in a very more paperhscks of thermodynamics for elementary fashion to avoid the need for freshmen and freshmen honors work since 1962. any background in physics, physical chem"Chemicd Thermodynamics: ~n Inistry, and calculus. I t is not certain, troduction" by Goates and Ott is a worthhowever. that eas ehromatoeraohv and the while addition to the available material on thermodynamics for freshmen. The authors present the properties of the fundamental quantities energy and entropy, and panying laboratory manual comprise a n discuss the three laws of thermodynamics attempt to cover all possible alternatives in Chapter 1 (46 pages); they present the and, as such, fail to do justice to any one of derived quantities enthalpy, Helmholtz the alternatives. There are no laboratory procedures inand Gibbs energies and zpply them to cluded in the texbbook portion of the phase equilibria in Chapter 2 (25 pages); package. In theory, this can serve several and they discuss chemical equilibria in Chapter 3 (25 pages). Applications of purposes. For example, the cost of the texbhook alone can be reduced; the thermodynamics to electrochemistry and laboratory experiments can be chosen and to solutions are discussed in two apdeveloped a t each individual school; the pendixes (36 pages) and selected thermodynamics data. useful in problem working laboratory may be dispensed with enis in a third appendix. Nearly 90 exertirely. However, 37 pages (of a total of 369 textual psges) are devoted to instruccises for the three chapters and two aption in laboratory techniques, such as pendixes are collected s t the end of the preparation and handling of gravimetric book with answers provided for the odd numbered exeroises. In addition thereis a and volumetric apparatus including the balance. These pages include almost all collection of five interesting "special of the photographs and many of the lineproblems" intended to challenge the drawings in the boak. Thus, much of the intellectual curiosity of the student. The authors' strictly clwsical apprnach possible cost reduction cited above is vitiated. Furthermore, almost all schools to chemical thermodynamics is concise and clear. There is no mention of statistical will want to use s, laboratory manual of ideas. Some historical facts m d philoaome sort also; the total cost then becomes sophical comments appear, but such comequal to or greater than the cost of some ments are brief and usually in footnotes. excellent complete quantitative analysis All of the necessary calculus is included as hooks already on themarket. a. part of the discussion. A physical The laboratory manual duplicates mast interpretation of differentiation and inteof the "technique" psges in the texGhook gration is used throughout the boak. The but, surprisingly, omits the instructions in figures are clear snd useful in understandthe use of the balance. However, the ing the discussion, numerous example most serious problem with the manual concerns the binding itself. Pages with exercises me worked out,, and each chapter and appendix ends with a summary of imblanks suitable for entering data and for portant, equations snd thermodynamic submitting reports are included in the relations developed in the discussion. manual. For convenience in removal of The book format is attractive. The these pages, they are printed on ~erlorated, print and page size make i t a mcre inviting snap-out sheets. Unfortunately, the enbook than some paper back publishers tire manual4irections, pictures, log manage t o do. I believe this is a teachtables, table of formula weights, table of able book well worth the inspection of anycontents, etc.,-ah is printed on the same one interested in making chemical thermokind of perforated, s n q - o u t sheet. The dynamics an important part of general loss of vital pages in the manual is thus chemistry. The book could also serve as a assured. review volume for the senior or first year To sum up, a. f i r s h a t e discussion of graduate student. elementary quantitative analysis principles is attached to an abbreviated coverage H. LAWRENCE CLIVER of chromatography and spectrophotomEmory University etry. Atlanta. Ga. 803% ALANF . KRIVIS The Uniuersity of Akron Akron, Ohio 44504
book reviews
Survey of Organic Syntheses Chemical Thermodynamics: Introduction
An
J . Rez Goatss and J . Bwen Olt, both of Brigham Young University. Harcaurt Brme Jovanovich, Inc., New York, 1971. xii +.I73 pp. Figs. and tables. 22.8 X 15.5 em. $3.95.
For the past ten years it has been the trend t o teach freshmen the elements of
A40 / lournol of Chemical Education
Caluin A . Buehler, University of Tennessee, and Donald E. Pearson, Vanderbilt University. Wiley-Interscience, New 1166. Tables. 24 York, 1970. ix X 16 cm. $27.50.
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Factual information about products and yields from reactions is certainly important t o orgrtnic chemists, and this b m k contains a great deal of suoh information. Approximately ,5000 journal articles, reviews, and books that have appeared
mostly in the period 1940-68 are cited. Creation of a. particular class of hydrocarbon or functional group from other hydrocarbons or functional groups is the main concern of the work. Headings under which the material is organized are: alkanes, cyeloalkrtnes, arenes, alkenes, cyeloalkenes, dimes, alkynes, alcohols, phenols, ethers, halides, amines, scetals rtnd ketrtls, aldehydes, ketones, quinones and related substances, carboxylic acids, carboxylic esters, acyl halides, carboxylic acid anhydrides, ketenes and ketene dimers, carboxylic acid ilmides and imides, nitrilks, nitro compounds. The presentation is concise, rather informel, and generally pleasant to read. General reactions are illustrated with a variety of specific examples. Structn~al formulas me used liberally. Literature references and percentage yields are supplied faithfully. Experimental conditions rtnd mechanisms for many reactions are indicated. There are numerous helpful comments about the advantages and disadvantages of alternative methods. The title of the book suggests that syntheses of peptides, nucleotides, and other complex natural products might be included, but such is not the case. The transformations presented involve no more than afew steps and complex syntheses are not discussed. Biochemists will not find much of interest. Applications of borohydrides, photochemistry, and industrial organic chemistry are covered reasonably well. The book is recommended ss a great convenience in dealing with a substantial portion of the literature, and as a source of general information about basic organic chemistry. The author and subject indexes are quite complete. The number of proofreading oversights is not notable. The creftsmanship of the publisher is good.
W. B. RENFROW Oherlin College Oherlin, Ohio 44074
Experimental Physlral Chemistry
Fveden'ck A . Bettelheim, Adelphi University, Garden City, Long Island, New York. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1971. xii 518 pp. Figs. and tables. 25.5 X 17.5 cm. $11.95.
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There are a number of advertised features of this laboratory text which are intriguing. The features are there and some of them quite good. Unfortunately, however, the book is not well written. Although i t may well provide some interesting and useful ideas for an instructor, the texts by Daniek, et al., and Shoemaker and Garland make better reference books for students and have superior experiments of t,he chemical-physics variety. This text begins with a. short description of how to write a laboratory report, followed by a sample "good student laboratory report!' I n neither the instructions nor in the report itself is there any mention of
(Continued a page A @ )
