BOOKREVIEWS
June 5 , 1960 TABLE I R'
I-a
Substituenta CHa
Formulab CizHlaN4Br.HBr
233-234
I-h
ClHs
CiaHliNkBr.HBr
266-270
I-c
n-CaH;
Ci4HisN4CI.HCI
248-249
I-d 11-a
CFa n-C3Hi
C1zHtzFaN4Br CieHiiNdSBr.HBr
208 241-243
h.I.p., oc.c
Minimum effective feed level,
Antithiamine index, C = chick, M = micro% biological 0.006 270 C 320 AI ,001140 C 0.002 345 M ,003 500 C
>loo0 hl 200 c 1400 C
,002 ,0125
R2, CHa; R3, H . Acceptable analyses were obtained on all compounds. With decomposition.
In the same table are presented the results of anticoccidial evaluation with Eimeria tenella, obtained by a previously described m e t h ~ d . Anti~ thiamine indices for the chick4and Lactobacillusfermentum6 also are listed. Considerable anticoccidial activity was found with the compounds listed. Of these practical in(3) A . C . Cuckler, L. R . Chapin, C. M.hlalanga, E. F. RoRers, H . J. Becker, R . L. Clark, W. J. Leanza, A. A. Pessolano, T. Y . Shen and L. H . Sarett, Proc. Soc. ErpLi. B i d . M e d . , 98, 167 (1958). (4) T h e chick antithiamine index is t h e number of milligrams of compound calculated t o counterbalance the vitamin activity of one milligram of thiamine mononitrate in the chick. (5) H. P. Sarett and V. H . Cheldelin, J. B i d C h o n . , 165, 153 (1944) Loclobacillzo f e v m e n t u m (30 ATCC 9833) was grown in standard thiamine assay medium. Increasing amounts of thiamine, up t o 0.2 y , were added t o tubes containing 25 y of the test compound. Growth was measured turbidimetrically after 1U hours of incubation a t 36'. T h e ratio test compound (25 y ) divided by t h e quantity of thiamine required for 5 0 % transmittance is given in Table I as the antithiamine index (ZI). We are obliged to h h . H y m a n Wallick for the microbiological data.
2975
terest centers on the compound l-(4-amino-2-npropyl-5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-2-picolinium chloride hydrochloride (I-c) which has been assigned the generic name of amprolium.6 In laboratory tests amprolium is effective a t 0.012570 feed level against a mixed infection of Eimeria tenella, necatrix and acervulina. The antithiamine indices of these and related compounds reveal a definite although rough correlation between antithiamine and anticoccidial action. In addition, reversal of anticoccidial action is demonstrated by the fact that chickens on a normal diet are protected against an Eimeria tenella infection by 0.012570 amprolium but addition to the diet of 0.003% thiamine causes a marked decrease in protection. Pyrithiamine is ineffective against coccidiosis a t the maximum tolerated feed level of 0.0570, despite a chick antithiamine index of 16. Apparently the absence of the hydroxyethyl side chain in the analogous active quaternary (I-a) is an advantage for inhibition of the target enzyme system, which is possibly protozoal thiamine phosphorylase located a t the cell wall. ( G ) AhlPROL is the trademark of Merck & Co., Inc., for this compound.
MERCKSHARP E. F. ROGERS A. C . CUCKLER AND DOHME R. L. CLARK E. MCMANUS RESEARCH LABORATORIES M . GARZILLO MERCKINSTITUTE A. A. PESSOLAXO C. MALANGA FOR THERAPEUTIC H . J. BECKER W. H . OTT RESEARCH W.J. LEANZA A. M. DICKINSON RAHWAY, N. J. L . H. SARETT A. VANIDERSTINE RECEIVED M A Y16, 1960
BOOK REVIEWS Landolt-Bornstein. Zahlenwerte und Funktionen a u s Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik und Technik. Sechste Auflage. Band 11. Eigenschaften der Materie i n Ihren Aggregatzustiinden. T e i l 6 . Elektrische Eigenschaften I. Edited by K. H. HELLWEGEand A . M . HELLWEGE. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberger Platz 3, Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Germany. 1959. xvi 1018 pp. 20 X 27.5 cm. Price, D M . 448.--. This volume is a compilation of values of the electrical properties of matter. [The editors have announced t h a t electrochemical and magnetic properties will be treated in P a r t s 7 (1960) and 9 (in preparation), respectively.] T h e 1018 pages give evidence of the same high level of scholarship and thoroughness t h a t have gone into t h e preparation of earlier parts of this compendium. T h e five sections, each prepared by one or more experts, cover the following subject areas: (1) Electrical conductivity of metals and solid ionic conductors, by W. Meissner, F. Schmeissner, R. Doll, M . Kabauer, R. Jaggi and F. Hulliger, 250 pp.; (2) semiconductors, by W. Jost, H. G. Wagner, K. Weiss, H. Welker, G. Heiland, and E. Mollwo, 162 pp.; (3) t h e elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric constants of piezoelectric crystals, by R . Bechmann, 33 pp.; (4) dielectric properties, by H. Stuart, T h . Gast, W.Maier, A. W. Fink, E. Truscheit, and E. Gast, 459 pp.; and (5) thermoelectric and emission effects, by I&'. Kluge, J . Nystrom and R . Kollath, 109 pp. T h e extensive tables and graphs of each main section are preceded by a short introduction containing defi-
+
nitions and explanatory material. A complete list of references follows t h e tabular material. T h e section on electrical conductivities of metals and solid ionic conductors covers specific resistance and its temperature coefficient for pure metals and binary alloy systems, resistance ratio relative t o OOC. or other specified temperature, effect of pressure and tension on resistance, Wiedeman-Franz-Lorenz number, superconductivity, galvanomagnetic and thermomagnetic transverse effects, ionic conductivity in crystals, and transport number in solids. T h e second section deals with properties of semiconductors such as energy gaps, electron and hole mobilities, conductivity or resistance vs. temperature, and Hall coefficient us. temperature, and with t h e effects of doping, imperfections or dislocations on the foregoing properties. I n section three, values are presented for t h e elastic, piezoelectric and dielectric constants of piezoelectric crystals and their temperature coefficients. T h e forth section, on dielectric properties, is b y far t h e largest. It covers t h e dielectric properties of crystals and crystalline substances, glasses, plastics, liquid crystals, t h e elements, and organic and inorganic compounds and their aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. T h e properties treated include the dielectric cons t a n t and its dependence on temperature and pressure ; and t h e molar polarization. T h e last section, on thermoelectric and emission effects, is subdivided into thermionic emission, thermal e.m.f., Peltier and Thompson effects, and photoemission and secondary electron emission of solids.
The orgaiiizational framework of the material by propGraphite oxide, graphite halogen c~impounds, the iiitercrty aiitl by substance c~iinperisatesi l l part for the kibbeuce calation compounds of alkali metals and graphite salts are of iin iiides. T h e arrangement of substances within sec- treated. rlside from the basic inorganic chemistry of these tions is based on a scheme derived from t h e periodic system. compounds, the article should be of interest to those using Similar but not identical schemes are employed in the Gmegraphite in various technical applications. Both of the lin “Handbuch,” in “Selected Values of Chemical Thermoabove articles should be of general interest t o chemists. dynamic Properties” (NBS Circular 500),and in “Selected Two reviews are devoted to structural chemistry. Recent Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds” (ManufacStudies of the Boyon Hydrides by W. N. Lipscomb, Unituring Chemists Association Research Project, Carnegie versity of Minnesota (39 pages), deals with the structurc Institute of Technology). Universal acceptance of a single of boron hydrides, and is written for the specialist interscheme would be advantageous. ested in these structural problems. T. C . M‘addintoxi of The binding and apparent durability of the volumes are Cambridge, England, Lettice Energies end Their Signijiabove average. T h e paper is good and the type legible. cence in Inorganic Chemistiy (64 pages), is a detailed rcT h e tables are well arranged and not crowded. The numview of the methods of calculating lattice energies, and a erous graphs, although small, are clear and always present summary of the results. This field is highly developed and experimental d a t a as well as smooth curves. T h e compre- the review should have a long-standing value in future hensive presentation of the original values from the litera- years. The last comprehensive review of this subject was ture and pertinent references is one of t h e greatest values that of Sherman in 1932. The reviewer feels t h a t this of this and other volumes of t h e series. article is of primary interest in the solid state field, and thc The literature “cut-off’’ dates for the five sections of author’s purpose might have been served better by publi\.olume 11, P a r t 6 range from January 1, 1956 t o April 4, cation in a review journal. 1958. Thus, part of t h e coverage of this active area of Three contributions t o radiochemistrb- are preseiitetl. science is already four years behind t h e times. This is not a H . Taubc’s, University of Chicago, J l e c h a n i s m s of 1Zcdo.i. reflection on the diligence of the editors. T h e complete Reactfons of Sinzple Chemistry (53 pages), is a review o f revision of a compilation covering all of physical science and electron transfer reactions in solution, a subject that i i technology is a massive undertaking. New editioiis are being actively studied. This article is tedious reading and necessarily infrequent and long in preparation. T h e first directed a t the specialist. It contains many ideas t h a t part of the sixth edition appeared in 1950; the last part will should stimulate future work. The paper on Szzlardappear in t h e 1960’s. T h e rate of increase of numerical Chelmers Reactions in solids (47 pages), by G . Harbottle d a t a makes it improbable t h a t another revision in t h e same and N. Sutin, Brookhaven Laboratory, LT.S.Aq.,reviews form will be attempted. Science should be grateful for the comprehensively the work in this active field. T h e theopresent monumental revision of Landolt-Bornstein as a retical understanding of the phenomenon is emphasized holding action in t h e struggle t o keep u p with the flow of and the discussion is illustrated with experimental results. d a t a produced by modern research. Xew methods are urA c t i d i o n Anuiysis by D. H . F. Atkins and A . A. Smales, gently needed for rapid and continuing evaluation and conHarwell, England, (30 pages), is very well organized. Trace solidation of t h e numerical d a t a of science and technology. analysis bj- the activation method is a branch of analytical chemistry that is rapidly expanding and the method mill bc OFFICEOF CRITICALTABLES XATIONAL RESEARCH cOUh.CIL GUY\CADDINGTON exploited in the future. The present review serves :is an introduction t o the subject and is illustrated with appliWASHISGTOS 25, D. C. cations of interest to the experienced analyst. The trcatrnent could serve as a basic reference in this subject for :I course in analytical chemistrjAdvances in Inorganic Chemistry and Radiochemistry h review of the Phosphoni i~ I-lalides ~ n dl‘htii TICVolume 1. H . J . EMELBUSand A. C . SHARPE,Editors, li.iatiws by S. L . Paddock and H . T. Searle, Birminglialn, Universitj. Chemical Laboratory, Cambridge, England. England (-36 pages), discusses a series of inorganic cornAcademic Press Inc., 111 Fifth avenue, S e w 170rk 3 , pounds with properties similar to organic compounds. The S . Y . 1959. s i 449pp 16 X 23 5 c m . Price,.$12.00. presentation is written in an interesting manner, m d includes a good summary of the physical and chemical properThere is a modern trend t o publish scientific review ties and a discussion of the structures. The review of articles in books issued annually instead of in review journals. R . J . Gillespie and E. .A. Robinson, London, England Since a new book has an appeal which the familiar review ( 3 8 pages), on the Szdjuric -Acid Solcent System presents a11 journals have lost, publications of reviews in book-form interpretation of the solvent reactions of sulfuric acid depresumably increases the scope of a scientists reading. There are, however, disadvantages t o publishing reviews rived from solubility, cryoscopic, conductometric a n d sprctroscopic measurements, The review is well written in book-form. Review journals are widely subscribed to by and summarizes the work of the authors on this subject. libraries and individuals, articles may be submitted without invitation, and journals have the policy of making reprints DEPAR~MEST O F CHEMISTRY available. Reprints allow one to have copies of particular BROOKHAVEN KATIONAL LAHOKATOKT k 4 ~ M u s u1).4VIS, J K articles for easy reference without being accompanied by a U P T O N , L. I., X . Y . large volume of other material, which represents additional expense t o the scientist. Journals are usually sponsored by a scientific society and have continued t o be published A Guide-Book to Biochemistry. By KEKNETHHARRISUA, through periods of economic stress. The present policy Lecturer in Biochemistry in t h e University of Cambridge. of publishing technical reviews in book-form does tend t o Cambridge University Press, 32 E a s t 57th Street, New spread the scientific literature into what is effectively a large ‘i‘trrk 22, N. T. 1959. viii I50 pp. 14 X 22 cm. number of specialized review volumes. The reviews prePrice, $3.50. sented in the present volume are tl-pica1 of the ones found in This short book covers in skeleton form such topics in review journals. Biochemistry as energy, production, enzymes, protcins, The editors have selected a set of reviews for this volume oxidation, photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, fat t h a t should attract interest in the series. In general the metabolism, protein metabolism and the control of nietaboreviews are o n subjects pursued actively in recent years pendix has been added t o includc tlic. :tiid are of interest t o research workers in inorganic chemisof Tarinus molecules (usually cofactors j t r y . X brief suxnniary will be given of the contents of this which are represeiited in the text only by names or abbrevolume. viiiti~ii~. The articles L‘ompounds of ..I roinutic Ir of r:irli
