Books
Lasers: Principles and Applications
Lasers in Chemical Analysis. G. M. Hieftje, J. C. Travis, F. E. Lytle, Eds. 310 pp. Humana Press, Crescent Manor, P.O. Box 2148, Clifton, N.J. 07015. 1981. $39.50
Reviewed by Ε. Η. Piepmeier, De partment of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Ore. 97331 This book clearly accomplishes its purpose as an excellent tutorial intro duction to the principles of lasers and to a diverse selection of laser applica tions in chemical analysis. The first section is an exceptionally clear intro duction to appropriate laser and opti cal principles. The vast range of topics is timely and well organized. For ex ample, the reader is led step by step through the development of laser pulsing techniques, finishing with the principles of a mode-locked, synchro nously pumped, cavity-dumped dye laser, which is capable of producing subpicosecond pulses. This introduc tory section aids the reader's rapid comprehension by its descriptive ap proach, frequent numerical examples, and clear diagrams. Complex equa tions are avoided. The use of diagrams rather than equations to show the reader how multiple wavelengths are generated by nonlinear optical effects is an impressive feat, and indicates that the authors of the first section gave a great deal of thought to clearly introducing otherwise complex con
cepts to the beginner. Appropriate ref erences are included for those who wish to pursue topics in greater detail. The next section of the book pre sents selected methods of chemical analysis based upon the absorption of layer radiation: the optogalvanic ef fect, multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry, and thermal lensing. A section devoted to laser-induced fluo rescence includes a brief tutorial for atomic and molecular fluorescence methods in general. Individual chap ters cover atomic fluorescence, fluo rescent probe-ion methods in a solid matrix, molecular fluorescence, matrix isolation, Shpol'skii spectrometry, fluorimetric analysis of drugs, and highresolution rotationally cooled fluores cence. The similarities and differences among the variously named matrix isolation methods that have been used to improve spectral resolution are clearly presented.
coherent overview of Raman spec trometry, and such topics as laser sampling, optoacoustic spectrometry, single atom or molecule spectrome try, and picosecond methods were purposely omitted because of physical limitations and good treatments else where. Nevertheless, this book is an excellent introduction to analytical laser spectrometry, and I plan to use it in a selected topics course at the first opportunity. I highly recommend it to anyone who wants to keep up with re cent advances in spectrochemical methods of analysis.
One of the final chapters, which covers detectors for liquid chromatog raphy, provides an excellent opportu nity to review laser methods presented earlier in the book and to introduce some new and unique methods based on two-photon excited fluorescence, light scattering, optical activity, the Raman-induced Kerr effect, and re fractive index changes. The last chap ter discusses the instrumentation for analytical polarimeters and the im proved measurement accuracy that is possible using narrow band lasers in stead of conventional light sources. The analytical methods covered in this book include some in which basic research and theory are currently well developed, as well as some that are just in their infancy. Appropriately, the coverage of the chapters varies from tutorials on the theory and ana lytical applications of a method to two brief chapters that consider only lim ited specific examples of applications. The editors have achieved their goal of finding "authors who, through their mastery of organization and style, present their work in an easily under stood manner." As with most edited books, the oc casional overlap of coverage of some topics gives the reader several view points. The editors point out that a
The publication of a forensic science handbook is long overdue. However, the forensic sciences cover such a wide area that any single vol ume must be restrictive in its cover age. This volume covers in part the more important topics of present-day forensic laboratory practice. The book is divided into 14 chap ters; one chapter deals with the legal aspects of forensic science while the remaining 13 deal with scientific top ics. Each chapter is written by an ex pert in the field, and extensive bibli ographies are included. The topics dis cussed include most of the classic specialties, i.e., arson, glass analysis, blood grouping, paint identification, alcohol in blood and breath, hair anal ysis, soil analysis, and questioned doc uments. Chapters on gunshot residue analysis and forensic applications of high-performance liquid chromatogra phy are interesting and well re searched as is the chapter on forensic applications of mass spectrometry. Forensic microscopy is a topic that does not receive much attention in the forensic literature so it was a pleasure to see a chapter devoted to this impor tant subject.
Forensic Science Handbook. Richard Saferstein, Ed. xx + 725 pp. PrenticeHall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 07656. 1982. $35
Reviewed by John Wells, Centre of Forensic Sciences, 25 Grosvenor St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M7A 2G8
On the negative side, I was disap pointed that there are no chapters on forensic engineering, photography,
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Books ballistics, or computer applications. The latter, in particular, is an area of growing importance especially in the area of specialized data bases. Other minor topics not mentioned are blood stain sexing using RIA and the analy sis of lung tissue for accelerants in fatal arson investigations. Apart from these few omissions, I feel that the major part of the book's contents will be of considerable inter est to forensic scientists. The compila tion of a volume such as this is a diffi cult task, as every forensic scientist in variably has other urgent work to do. However, I hope that this volume will not go unnoticed and will be the first in a series. Handbook of High Resolution Multinuclear NMR. C. Brevard, P. Granger, xvii + 299 pp. Wiley Interscience, 606 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10158. 1981. $24.50
Reviewed by Dallas Rabenstein, De partment of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2 Most state-of-the-art high-resolu tion NMR spectrometers are equipped
to do multinuclear NMR experiments. This book's objective is to give guid ance with initial experiments on near ly every NMR-active isotope in the periodic table. The book is in two parts. In part one (77 pp), there is a brief summary of NMR parameters, followed by chapters on the Fourier transform method, spectrum measurement, and dynamic measurements. Throughout, the presentation is succinct, with little discussion or explanation given. Al though most of the material in part one will already be known to those who have experience with Fourier transform NMR through Ή and 13 C spectroscopy, there are a few useful sections specific to problems encoun tered in multinuclear NMR, e.g., the use of various echo pulse sequences for detection of the broad resonances characteristic of many nuclei with quadrupole moments. Those having no previous experience with Fourier transform NMR will probably find the terse presentation to be of limited use; however, the extensive references to the original literature will help. Part two summarizes practical in formation needed to start measure
ments on most NMR-active nuclei. Two pages are devoted to each ele ment that has one or more diamagnetic, NMR-active isotopes, with the ex ception of fluorine and carbon. For each isotope, its spin, natural abun dance, receptivity relative to that of 13 C, gyromagnetic ratio and, for I > V2 nuclei, quadrupole moment are listed. A test sample, including solvent and concentration, suitable for initial mea surements is given for each element. A test spectrum for each magnetically active isotope is presented, along with the measurement and processing pa rameters. All chemical shifts are given relative to the 1 H resonance of TMS at 100 MHz. Other useful information includes a chemical shift scale, with which one can predict an unknown chemical shift, coupling constants for coupling to m, 19 F, 31 P, and 13C, typi cal spin-lattice relaxation times, liter ature references, and comments on broad lines, ease of observation, etc. The information in part two alone will make this a useful book for anyone, experienced or otherwise, doing multi nuclear NMR. Overall, there are relatively few er rors in the book. The equation defin-
Analabs goes to great lengths to upgrade your analytical capabilities. Our Wilks® 20 Metre Variable Long Path Gas Cell enables your equipment to make mea surements in the low parts per million to percent concentration range. This unique patented device is compatible with virtually all commercially-available IR spectro photometers and FTIR instruments. The cell is adjustable from 0.75 to 23.25 me tres — permitting measurements to be made in the concentration range from the low parts per mil lion up to several percent. This permits the analysis of more than 300 OSHA-defined toxic substances, as well as hundreds of others. Learn more about this advanced hardware accessory and how it can complement your existing analytical equipment. Call or write to: ANALABS, A Unit of Foxboro Analytical, 80 Republic Drive, North Haven, CT 06473 (203) 288-8463.
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Books ing chemical shift on page 2 is incor rect, and the correlation time of A is represented differently on pages 11 and 13. Two appears as a factor rather than a power in the denominator of the equation for the dispersion mode on page 33, and the 77 Se resonance frequencies on page 43 should be in units of MHz. The book was prepared from camera-ready copy and contains some typographical errors as well as some spelling errors in the list of refer ences. Education and Teaching in Analytical Chemistry. G. E. Baiulescu, C. Patroescu, R. A. Chalmers. 190 pp. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1982. $44.95
Reviewed by Roland Hirsch, Depart ment of Chemistry, Seton Hall Uni versity, South Orange, N.J. 07079 This unique publication presents the unified views of three authors in a full-length, well-produced book. It contains chapters on "Teaching and Education in Chemistry," "Teaching Analytical Chemistry," and "Educa tion in Analytical Chemistry." The au thors make a distinction between edu
cation and teaching, in which the lat ter "plays the role of a catalyst in pro moting the process itself, namely edu cation." A valuable feature of the book is an extensive list of 327 references, at least 100 of which are to articles deal ing with education (the remainder are to papers or books dealing mainly with techniques or methods). There are nu merous quotations and illustrations that will be helpful to the teacher pre paring lectures and lab exercises. Thus, this volume is a useful guide to publications relating to education in analytical chemistry, although two es sential essays on the foundations of our field are not mentioned, those by Betteridge (Anal. Chem. 1976,48, 1034 A) and Hirschfeld (Anal. Chem. 1976, 48,16 A), and the books cited are mainly in old or hard-to-find edi tions. More than half of the book, some 100 pages, is devoted to descriptions of specific techniques and methods. This material inevitably will become dated, and indeed most of the numer ous tables already are 8-12 years old. The mass of detail often makes it dif ficult to understand points being
made by the authors. The selection of topics covered in detail is not well jus tified. It is puzzling, for example, to see barely two pages of text on chro matographic techniques. This reviewer's conclusion is that the book is too long. The authors might have produced a clearer and more convincing argument for their special views of the field if they had written a set of brief essays free of the details and data. If you teach analyti cal chemistry you will use this book, but you will probably look elsewhere for stimulating new approaches to your subject.
Books Received Principles and Applications of Medico legal Alcohol Determination. Ε. Μ. P. Widmark. xii + 1 6 3 pp. Biomedical Publications, P.O. Box 495, Davis, Calif. 95617. 1981. $53 Digital Computers in Analytical Chem istry. Part I. J. B. Justice, T. L. Isenhour, Eds. xvi + 367 pp. Academic Press, Inc., 111 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10003. 1982. $56
Mettler density measurement: Easy and affordable. Mettler now offers a portable, hand-held donsily instrument for just $1355. The Mettler/Paat DMA35 density meter goes wherever you go Battery powered. Simple to use—sample is introduced by the attached hand pump. Digital readout indicates density of sample at actual sample temperature. Other models available reading in specific gravity or Brix. The Mettler ' Paar line also includes higher precision lab models and process control models. For further information, contact Mettler, Box 71, Hightstown, NJ 08520,(609)448-3000.
Mettler
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