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Mar 26, 1990 - The impact of the detonation was sufficient to shatter the apparatus, fortunately without injury. Compounds containing strained Si-Si S...
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Chemical & Engineering News 1155—16th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 Editor: Michael Heylin Assistant Managing Editors: David M. Kiefer, James H. Krieger, Janice R. Long, Donald J. Soisson, William J. Storck. News Editor: Wilbert C. Lepkowski Staff Editor: Ernest L. Carpenter Senior Editors: New York: Earl V. Anderson, Stephen C. Stinson; Chicago: Joseph Haggin; London: Patricia L. Layman; Washington: Doron Dagani, Lois R. Ember, Bette Hileman, Rebecca L. Rawls, Pamela S. Zurer Associate Editors: Stuart A. Borman, Mairin B. Brennan, Ann Marie Meriting, Richard J. Seltzer Service Departments Editor: Dolores Miner Editing Services: Anne Riesberg (Head), Arlene Goldberg-Gist (Editorial Assistant), Patricia Oates (Administrative Assistant) News Bureaus: Northeast News Bureau: (201) 9068300 Marc S. Reisch (Associate Editor), Ann M. Thayer (Associate Editor), Rachel Eskenazi (Administrative Assistant). Chicago: (708) 256-4143 Ward Worthy (Head). Houston: (713) 973-8161 Bruce F. Greek (Head), Susan J. Ainsworth, (Associate Editor). Washington: (202) 872-4495 David J. Hanson (Head). West Coast: (415) 653-3630 Rudy M. Baum (Head). Foreign Bureau: London: (01) 540-0414 Dermot A. O'Sullivan (Head) Graphics and Production: Leroy Corcoran (Head). Alan Kahan (Art Director). Barbara Fryer (Production/Art Director). Linda Mattingly (Staff Artist). Diane Kelly (Costing) Business Manager: Arthur Poulos Circulation Development: Claud K. Robinson ADVISORY BOARD: Dexter F. Baker, George M. Bodner, Will D. Carpenter, Renee G. Ford, Ethan C. Galloway, Louis J. Glunz, Harry S. Hertz, Christopher T. Hill, Kendall N. Houk, Cynthia A. Maryanoff, Linda B. McGown, C. Bradley Moore, Koji Nakanishi, George B. Rathmann, David A. Shirley, Robert M. Simon, Peter H. Spitz, Barry M. Trost Published by AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (202) 872-4600; TDD (202) 872-8733 John K Crum, Executive Director Robert H. Marks, Director, Publications Division PUBLISHING BOARD: J e a n n e M. Shreeve (Chairman); Board of Directors Chairman: Joseph A. Dixon; President: Paul G. Gassman; Richard L. Deming; William P. Jencks; Gary J. Long; and Louis D. Quin © Copyright 1990, American Chemical Society Subscription & Member Record Service: Send all new and renewal subscriptions with payments to: Controller, ACS, P.O. Box 28597, Central Station, Washington, D.C. 20005. Correspondence and telephone calls for changes of address, claims for missing issues, subscription service, status of records and accounts should be directed to: Manager, Member & Subscriber Services, ACS, P.O. Box 3337, Columbus, Ohio 43210; (800) 333-9511 or (614) 447-3776. For changes of address, include both old and new addresses with ZIP code numbers and mailing label from a recent issue. Allow four weeks for change to become effective. Claims for missing numbers will not be allowed if loss was due to failure of notice of change of address to be received in the time specified; if claim is dated (a) North America: more than 90 days beyond issue date, (b) all other foreign; more than one year beyond issue date; or if the reason given is "missing from files." Subscription Rates 1990. Printed editions: nonmembers U.S. 1 yr. $60, 2 yr. $108, outside U.S. 1 yr. $93, 2 yr. $174. Air freight rates available on request. Rates above do not apply to nonmember subscribers in Japan, who must enter subscription orders with Maruzen Co. Ltd., 3-10 Nihonbashi 2chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103, Japan. Tel: (03) 2727211. Single copies: Current $9.00. Rates for back issues and volumes are available from Microforms & Back Issues Office, ACS, 1155—16th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Back and current issues available on microfilm and microfiche. Rates on request from Microform Program, ACS. Chemical & Engineering News (ISSN 00092347) is published weekly except for the last week in December by the American Chemical Society at 1155—16th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D . C , and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Chemical & Engineering News, Membership & Subscription Services, P.O. Box 3337, Columbus, Ohio 43210. ACS assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by the contributors to its publications. Advertising Management CENTCOM LTD. (For list of offices see page 65) 2

March 26, 1990 C&EN

LETTERS

CHEMICAL SAFETY Silane distillation explosion SIR: We have, on two separate occasions, recently experienced explosions during the distillation of 1,2-dichlorotetramethyldisilane, a procedure that we have previously carried out numerous times without incident. In the first case, a distillation was inadvertently carried out in air atmosphere rather than under the usual conditions of a nitrogen purge. In the second example, a detonation occurred in a system that was supposedly under N 2 purge. Both explosions occurred at the liquid-gas interface in the glass distillation head and were accompanied by a fire that self-extinguished before proceeding down the column. The impact of the detonation was sufficient to shatter the apparatus, fortunately without injury. Compounds containing strained Si-Si

Flammable ammonia

bonds are known to undergo spontaneous air oxidation to the siloxane but in general chloro/methyl di- and polysilanes are reported to be "stable to air oxidation" [/. Organomet. Chem., 94, 367 (1975)]. We cannot be sure that the explosion was the result of oxidation as opposed to rapid hydrolysis of the silyl chloride (or some combination of both processes) but it has been our experience that hydrolysis of hot chlorosilanes, while extremely exothermic, does not result in explosion. We recommend that anyone using this class of chloromethyldisilanes use adequate precaution when handling these compounds at elevated temperatures under atmospheric conditions. Jonathan D. Rich Manager, Silicone Materials Program GE Corporate Research & Development scription information may be obtained from the Education Division, American Chemical Society, 1155—16th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036, phone (202) 872-4590. Henry Heikkinen Chairman, Chem Matters Policy Board Professor of Chemistry University of Northern Colorado

SIR: Regarding Ernest J. Tews' letter (C&EN, Jan. 15, page 2), I too have been disturbed by the classification of ammonia as a nonflammable gas. Of course it is flammable. One of the experiments I performed for firemen during my many years of teaching about hazardous chemicals was to feed ammonia gas and oxygen into an ordinary lab Meeker burner, adjust the gas flows, and ignite the flame with a Cover credit propane torch. The bright yellow flame was proof enough. FredCTrager SIR: It may be of interest to your readers that the instrument shown on the cover Barberton, Ohio of C&EN, Feb. 26, is the Perkin-Elmer Cetus DNA Thermal Cycler. The person using it is Elena D. Katz, a senior reChem Matters for high schools searcher in our Biotechnology Product Department engaged in methods develSIR: I'm pleased to inform J. J. Jacobson opment for PCR technology. (C&EN, Dec. 11, 1989, page 3) and any Edward Bloch other readers who recall the periodical Director, Corporate Relations Chemistry, that the ACS Education DiviPerkin-Elmer Corp. sion initiated a new and eminently sucNorwalk, Conn. cessful high school chemistry publication, Chem Matters, more than six years ago. With a current circulation of approximately 60,000 copies, this awardwinning periodical supports the popularization and enrichment of chemistry for students through a variety of appealing and motivational articles, features, and activities. I urge Jacobson and others not yet familiar with this excellent ACS initiative to become acquainted with Chem Matters and promote its extended use among schools and teachers in their areas. Sub-

Corrections • Feb. 26, page 37: The University of Illinois' Chicago campus was misidentified as UI's Chicago Circle campus. • March 12, page 19: The correct phone number for information on ordering EPA's report, "Methods To Manage and Control Plastic Wastes," is (800) 424-9346.

Carl Sagan's footsteps SIR: The dilemma of an uninformed public has been hashed and rehashed on the pages of your magazine. Offered solutions are vague and wishy-washy at best. If you want a well-informed public who can appreciate the scope of chemistry, biotechnology, and so on, and who can wonder about our advancements and their consequences, why not consult the man who got the public to understand the Big Bang? The man who titillated their imaginations with the purpose of SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) and made them aware that they are the stuff of stars—the universe aware of itself? Follow in Carl Sagan's footsteps and you may have billions and billions of laymen knocking at your door with questions and understanding the answers. Mary j Levendoski Manitowoc, Wis.

Chemistry career workshops SIR: It is with enthusiasm that I read the letter from Bruce Slutsky (C&EN, Jan. 8, page 3) concerning the hosting of a careers in chemistry workshop. He is to be commended for his efforts. The Younger Chemists Committee (YCC) of ACS has helped local sections and universities/colleges coordinate similar chemical career insight days, commonly referred to as "roadshows." More than 80 roadshows have been held around the country in the past 15 years, reaching thousands of interested chemists and chemists-to-be. These programs consist of speakers discussing career opportunities in industry, academia, and government. Our target is students and not-yet established chemists. Guidance is offered for careers in research, product development, technical service, patent law, business ownership, library science, plus other traditional and nontraditional careers. Focus is on exposing opportunities for chemists with all degree backgrounds, and topics are as varied as effective communication, climbing the dual ladder, how to get the job you really want, computer chemical applications, and transition from graduate school to a first job. It is the goal of YCC to have more local ACS sections take responsibility for organizing chemical career insight days with local schools. YCC is ready to help advise, make recommendations, and perhaps provide speaker referrals. As national coordinator of these roadshows,

I would personally be interested in hearing from those interested in hosting a roadshow so that I may assist. Please direct all inquiries to me at the address below, or call (216) 641-5562. Roseann M. Cyngier Cyngier Systems Management Inc. 4656 Warner Rd. Cleveland, Ohio 44125-1206

Fluoride toothpaste SIR: The article, "Fluoridation of Water" (C&EN, Aug. 1,1988, page 26), was mentioned in the Feb. 5 issue of Newsweek magazine ("Don't Drink the Water?"). At the time the C&EN article appeared, my husband and I were just introducing our 21-month-old son to toothbrush and toothpaste. After I read your article and discovered that most toothpastes contain 1000 p p m fluoride, I watched, chagrined, as my husband, who is a Ph.D. chemist, lavished fluoride toothpaste on my son's toothbrush and my son gleefully swallowed every bit of it. I only have an M.S. degree in chemistry, but I managed to convince my husband to skimp on the toothpaste until last November, when I obtained a tube of ingestible toothpaste, containing no fluoride, from my son's dentist. I am less worried about water fluoridated at 1 ppm than I am about young children swallowing toothpastes with fluoride at levels of 1000 ppm. After the Newsweek article appeared, I conducted some "research." Using a triple-beam balance, a friend and I measured the typical dollop of toothpaste we use on our childrens' toothbrushes. It logged in at 0.8 g. This dollop was, conservatively, approximately one half the size of the ones shown in typical toothpaste advertisements. Therefore, if I used as much toothpaste as advertised, my child could easily ingest one to two times as much fluoride as there is in 1 L of our city water, which is fluoridated to a level of 1 ppm. If I were a conscientious mother who brushed my son's teeth after every meal—as we're encouraged to do by dental health professionals and manufacturers of dental hygiene products—then he'd be getting, in one day, an additional three to six times the amount of fluoride present in 1 L of our tap water. Consumer Reports (March 1984, page 131) gives this advice to parents: "The American Dental Association, for example, advises against using dietary fluoride supplements for children in communities with fluoridated drinking wa-

ter or with water supplies that have a natural fluoride content of 0.7 ppm or higher. Dental experts also recommend that very young children in such communities or those receiving fluoride supplements be taught to limit their use of fluoride dentrifices, since the children may tend to swallow some toothpaste. Once-a-day brushing with a peasized quantity or thin layer of fluoride toothpaste gives adequate protection against tooth decay in some instances. In addition, children under five years old should not use fluoride mouth rinses because they tend to swallow too much of the liquid." As a mother, I received no advice from our pediatrician, dentist, or babyand child-care books (we own three) about how much fluoride toothpaste to use with my young son. It wasn't until I broached the subject that my son's dentist dug out the one tube of ingestible toothpaste he had, "NASAdent." Unfortunately, it was discontinued last year by its manufacturer, Scherer Laboratories (Dallas, Tex.). Toothpaste manufacturers do not print on their packages the level of fluoride in the toothpaste, nor do they print warnings to limit toothpaste use if your child swallows it, as my precious son, now three years old, still does. Margaret M. Gemperline Greenville, N.C.

Ultrathin light beams SIR: The News of the Week article, "Technique generates ultrathin light beams" (C&EN, Jan. 8, page 6), implies that light beams emerging from tiny molecular crystals will have transverse dimensions much smaller than the light wavelength. In the absence of charge, the divergence of an electric field is zero. Given the nonexistence of magnetic monopoles, the divergence of any magnetic field is also zero. Practically, the requirement that the divergences of the electric and magnetic fields in light be zero means that the transverse dimensions must be at least comparable to the wavelength. This result may be visualized by considering that the field lines must be continuous, since fields can only terminate on charges (or monopoles). To have a transverse dimension much smaller than the wavelength, the transverse fields would have to bend sharply, so that the longitudinal fields would be much Continued on page 65 March 26, 1990 C&EN

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Chemical & Engineering News 1155—16th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 Editor: Michael Heylin Assistant Managing Editors: David M. Kiefer, James H. Krieger, Janice R. Long, Donald J. Soisson, William J. Storck. News Editor: Wilbert C. Lepkowski Staff Editor: Ernest L. Carpenter Senior Editors: New York: Earl V. Anderson, Stephen C. Stinson; Chicago: Joseph Haggin; London: Patricia L. Layman; Washington: Doron Dagani, Lois R. Ember, Bette Hileman, Rebecca L. Rawls, Pamela S. Zurer Associate Editors: Stuart A. Borman, Mairin B. Brennan, Ann Marie Meriting, Richard J. Seltzer Service Departments Editor: Dolores Miner Editing Services: Anne Riesberg (Head), Arlene Goldberg-Gist (Editorial Assistant), Patricia Oates (Administrative Assistant) News Bureaus: Northeast News Bureau: (201) 9068300 Marc S. Reisch (Associate Editor), Ann M. Thayer (Associate Editor), Rachel Eskenazi (Administrative Assistant). Chicago: (708) 256-4143 Ward Worthy (Head). Houston: (713) 973-8161 Bruce F. Greek (Head), Susan J. Ainsworth, (Associate Editor). Washington: (202) 872-4495 David J. Hanson (Head). West Coast: (415) 653-3630 Rudy M. Baum (Head). Foreign Bureau: London: (01) 540-0414 Dermot A. O'Sullivan (Head) Graphics and Production: Leroy Corcoran (Head). Alan Kahan (Art Director). Barbara Fryer (Production/Art Director). Linda Mattingly (Staff Artist). Diane Kelly (Costing) Business Manager: Arthur Poulos Circulation Development: Claud K. Robinson ADVISORY BOARD: Dexter F. Baker, George M. Bodner, Will D. Carpenter, Renee G. Ford, Ethan C. Galloway, Louis J. Glunz, Harry S. Hertz, Christopher T. Hill, Kendall N. Houk, Cynthia A. Maryanoff, Linda B. McGown, C. Bradley Moore, Koji Nakanishi, George B. Rathmann, David A. Shirley, Robert M. Simon, Peter H. Spitz, Barry M. Trost Published by AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (202) 872-4600; TDD (202) 872-8733 John K Crum, Executive Director Robert H. Marks, Director, Publications Division PUBLISHING BOARD: J e a n n e M. Shreeve (Chairman); Board of Directors Chairman: Joseph A. Dixon; President: Paul G. Gassman; Richard L. Deming; William P. Jencks; Gary J. Long; and Louis D. Quin © Copyright 1990, American Chemical Society Subscription & Member Record Service: Send all new and renewal subscriptions with payments to: Controller, ACS, P.O. Box 28597, Central Station, Washington, D.C. 20005. Correspondence and telephone calls for changes of address, claims for missing issues, subscription service, status of records and accounts should be directed to: Manager, Member & Subscriber Services, ACS, P.O. Box 3337, Columbus, Ohio 43210; (800) 333-9511 or (614) 447-3776. For changes of address, include both old and new addresses with ZIP code numbers and mailing label from a recent issue. Allow four weeks for change to become effective. Claims for missing numbers will not be allowed if loss was due to failure of notice of change of address to be received in the time specified; if claim is dated (a) North America: more than 90 days beyond issue date, (b) all other foreign; more than one year beyond issue date; or if the reason given is "missing from files." Subscription Rates 1990. Printed editions: nonmembers U.S. 1 yr. $60, 2 yr. $108, outside U.S. 1 yr. $93, 2 yr. $174. Air freight rates available on request. Rates above do not apply to nonmember subscribers in Japan, who must enter subscription orders with Maruzen Co. Ltd., 3-10 Nihonbashi 2chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103, Japan. Tel: (03) 2727211. Single copies: Current $9.00. Rates for back issues and volumes are available from Microforms & Back Issues Office, ACS, 1155—16th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Back and current issues available on microfilm and microfiche. Rates on request from Microform Program, ACS. Chemical & Engineering News (ISSN 00092347) is published weekly except for the last week in December by the American Chemical Society at 1155—16th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D . C , and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Chemical & Engineering News, Membership & Subscription Services, P.O. Box 3337, Columbus, Ohio 43210. ACS assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by the contributors to its publications. Advertising Management CENTCOM LTD. (For list of offices see page 65) 2

March 26, 1990 C&EN

LETTERS

CHEMICAL SAFETY Silane distillation explosion SIR: We have, on two separate occasions, recently experienced explosions during the distillation of 1,2-dichlorotetramethyldisilane, a procedure that we have previously carried out numerous times without incident. In the first case, a distillation was inadvertently carried out in air atmosphere rather than under the usual conditions of a nitrogen purge. In the second example, a detonation occurred in a system that was supposedly under N 2 purge. Both explosions occurred at the liquid-gas interface in the glass distillation head and were accompanied by a fire that self-extinguished before proceeding down the column. The impact of the detonation was sufficient to shatter the apparatus, fortunately without injury. Compounds containing strained Si-Si

Flammable ammonia

bonds are known to undergo spontaneous air oxidation to the siloxane but in general chloro/methyl di- and polysilanes are reported to be "stable to air oxidation" [/. Organomet. Chem., 94, 367 (1975)]. We cannot be sure that the explosion was the result of oxidation as opposed to rapid hydrolysis of the silyl chloride (or some combination of both processes) but it has been our experience that hydrolysis of hot chlorosilanes, while extremely exothermic, does not result in explosion. We recommend that anyone using this class of chloromethyldisilanes use adequate precaution when handling these compounds at elevated temperatures under atmospheric conditions. Jonathan D. Rich Manager, Silicone Materials Program GE Corporate Research & Development scription information may be obtained from the Education Division, American Chemical Society, 1155—16th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036, phone (202) 872-4590. Henry Heikkinen Chairman, Chem Matters Policy Board Professor of Chemistry University of Northern Colorado

SIR: Regarding Ernest J. Tews' letter (C&EN, Jan. 15, page 2), I too have been disturbed by the classification of ammonia as a nonflammable gas. Of course it is flammable. One of the experiments I performed for firemen during my many years of teaching about hazardous chemicals was to feed ammonia gas and oxygen into an ordinary lab Meeker burner, adjust the gas flows, and ignite the flame with a Cover credit propane torch. The bright yellow flame was proof enough. FredCTrager SIR: It may be of interest to your readers that the instrument shown on the cover Barberton, Ohio of C&EN, Feb. 26, is the Perkin-Elmer Cetus DNA Thermal Cycler. The person using it is Elena D. Katz, a senior reChem Matters for high schools searcher in our Biotechnology Product Department engaged in methods develSIR: I'm pleased to inform J. J. Jacobson opment for PCR technology. (C&EN, Dec. 11, 1989, page 3) and any Edward Bloch other readers who recall the periodical Director, Corporate Relations Chemistry, that the ACS Education DiviPerkin-Elmer Corp. sion initiated a new and eminently sucNorwalk, Conn. cessful high school chemistry publication, Chem Matters, more than six years ago. With a current circulation of approximately 60,000 copies, this awardwinning periodical supports the popularization and enrichment of chemistry for students through a variety of appealing and motivational articles, features, and activities. I urge Jacobson and others not yet familiar with this excellent ACS initiative to become acquainted with Chem Matters and promote its extended use among schools and teachers in their areas. Sub-

Corrections • Feb. 26, page 37: The University of Illinois' Chicago campus was misidentified as UI's Chicago Circle campus. • March 12, page 19: The correct phone number for information on ordering EPA's report, "Methods To Manage and Control Plastic Wastes," is (800) 424-9346.

Letters

INDEX TO ADVERTISERS IN THIS ISSUE

Continued from page 3 stronger than the primary wave field. Such a configuration is unstable against transverse expansion. This comment is not intended to belittle the work of Lieberman, Harush, Lewis, and Kopelman who, I suspect, understand perfectly well that the wave expands to normal transverse dimensions upon leaving the crystal, as evidenced by Kopelman's analogy: "That's like getting a big genie into a small bottle, passing the bottle through a small tunnel, then letting the genie out of the bottle." Jerry L. Modisette Houston, Tex.

2-D infrared spectroscopy SIR: The article (C&EN, Jan. 1, page 21) on the innovative development of twodimensional IR spectroscopy by Curtis Marcott and Isao Noda at Procter & Gamble and our collaboration with them to expand the method into the realm, of FTIR using step-scan techniques was an excellent example of careful scientific reporting. However, we would like to acknowledge for the record our indebtedness to the pioneering work of Debarre, Boccara, and Fournier of the Ecole Superieure de Physique et Chimie in Paris, who first demonstrated the feasibility of modernizing step-scan interferometry with optoelectronic control [Appl. Opt., 20,4281 (1981)]. In addition, their advice has been invaluable to us in the development of our instrumentation. Our original interest, like theirs, was in the application of step-scan FTIR to photoacoustic / photothermal spectroscopy. However, it is clear that the uncoupling of the time evolution of the IR signal from the data collection process in step-scan FTIR opens the way to a wide range of other phase-resolved and timeresolved infrared experiments not possible with the rapid-scan method. Two-dimensional IR is certainly one of the most promising of these. Richard A. Palmer Department of Chemistry Duke University

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Error In address C&EN, Jan. 8, page 45, Division of Environmental Chemistry, the address for A. P. Gray (Energy and the Environment), Health & Environmental Sciences Dept., Dynamic Corp., should be 11140 Rockville Pike, Rockville, Md. 20852, not 1140 Rockville Pike.

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J

•+ARCO Chemical Company Lewis, Gilman & Kynett, Inc. J. C. Baltzer AG

16A ^ 54

+BASF Corporation, Performance Chemicals Division 29 Warner, Bicking & Fenwick, Inc. +BASF Corporation Norman Lawrence, Patterson & Farrell, Inc.

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CHEMetrics Inc 23 CHEMad Chisso Corporation 66 General Advertising Agency, Inc. +Degussa Corporation 23 Becker/Jani, Inc. Dialog 25 HL&S Partners, Inc. *+The Dow Chemical Company . . . 16B Alexander Marketing Services, Inc. +Dow Corning Corporation 12 HDM *+DuPont Company Rumrill-Hoyt, Inc. •+GAF Corporation Shaw & Todd, Inc.

32D 32A

+General Chemical Corporation . . . . 27 Gilbert, Whitney & Johns, Inc. +W. R. Grace & Co.,-Conn., Chemicals Division 24 Duval & Partners +Harcros Chemicals, Inc Walsh & Co.

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**+Hoech8t AG 8B-8C Partner-Werbe Service GmbH & Co. Johnson Matthey IBC Al Paul Lefton Co., Inc. +Nepera Inc 23 J.M. Kesslinger & Associates *+Occidental Chemical Corporation 32B-32C Quiller & Blake Advertising +Shell Chemical Co MDRInc. TEI Analytical, Inc DesignMarks Corporation

OBC 31

Texaco Chemical Company 35 Harris, Kosmoski & Pinkston Union Carbide Corporation IFC DDB Needham Worldwide, Inc. Waste Microbes, Inc

23

+ See ad in Chemcyclopedia. * Companies so marked appear in a Demographic Edition. ** Companies so marked appear in the foreign edition only. DIRECTORIES Chemical Exchange Classified Advertising Equipment Mart Technical Services.

64 55-64 64 64

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March 26, 1990 C&EN

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