504
JOURNAL O F CHEMICAL EDUCATION
spectroscopists, but also to those who use spectroscopy as a tool for re~earchin other fields such as astrophysics, chemistry and chemical technology." The authors are to be congratulated an the care and skill with which they have accomplished their task and the publiehers should also be commended for the excellent form in which this second edition is presented. In these days of paper shortage and publishing costs there is a frequent sacrifice of form to expediency. Such is not the ease with this book; the spectrograms are beautifully reproduced and the printing and arrangement of the data are all that could be desired. EMMA P. CARR
MOUNTHOLIOI&C O L L ~ O E S o u m HADLEI.MASBACHPS~TTB
METHODS OF SYNTHESIS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY John H. Billman, Associate Professor of Chemisby, Indiana University, and Elizabeth S. Cleland, Former Instrsctor of Chemistl.y, Goucher College. Second edition. Edwards Bras., 229 pp. 14.5 X 22.5 cm. Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1950. viii $2.75.
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THISbook is intended as a "study guide," or as a supplement to textbook, for students of elementary organic chemistry. It is not in any sense B laboratory manual. The 15 chapters are arranged as outlines to include what the authors feel are "the more common standard basic reactions." The reactions are classified in the usual manner as they pertain to the common type eompounds. Each chapter is divided into four parts: nomenclature, ~reparations,properties, and problems. Sepalate chapters on the preparation and properties of the halides and an the methods of varying chain lengths are included to serve zs review. Aliphatic and aromatic eompounds are taken up b s,
1124 nares). met,hods of csleulation (132 oaees). eouioment for
gives a complete discussion of liquid equilibria from the viewpoint of the phase rule; methods of graphical representation are shown for ternary and quarternary sys&ms as well as tie liue correlations. For the prediction of distribution (Chapter 3) the GibbsDuhem eauation is inteerated and the Wohl eauation used to aive simple eq;stions to reproduce activity coefficiks for binary&tems and calculate activities for ternary systems. The choice of solvent is disoussed in Chapter 4. The rate of attainment of equilibriumiscontained in the fifth chapter of diffusionandmass transfer. The second sectionon methodsof calculation divides these into stagewise contact with a single solvent (Chapter 6 ) , stagewise contact with mined and double solvents (Chapter 7), and continuous countercurrent contact (Chapter 8). Equipment is divided into that for stagewise eontact (Chapter 9) and for continuous countercurrent contact (Chapter 10). The final chapter (11) describes liquid extraction processes used in various industries. The book is thoroughly up to date and each chapter is concluded with a list of literature references used in that chapter, references which include papers published in 1950. The lists are extensive and enable the reader to refer to the original literature. References to foreign language papers are used infrequently, which is satisfactory in a textbook. The appendix contains a numher of problems for most of the chapters in the book. The material is presented clearly and logically. The figures are all diagrammatic and are drawn to show certain points which the author desires to present, or to illustrate graphical methods of caleulittion. "Liquid Extraction" is a welcome addition to the texts available for graduate instruction in chemical engineering. The material is oresented in a fundamental manner so that the chemist interested in extraction processes, either for the laboratory or for the plant, will find material of interest and importance to him. KENNETH A . KOBE
structural formulas when given systematic names, and to outline methods of synthesis for specific compounds. The answers to the problems are placed in a separate section and occupy s. large portion of the hook. Brief comments concerning the syntheses are inserted with the answers where they appear pertinent. In some cases more than one synthetic route in noted, but no attempt irr made to indicate all possible routes. Many students of elementary organic chemistry should find this book quite useful. The authors' suggestion that the format of the outlines may be used asapattern by which tooutlinelecture notes seems logical. Consideriug the two extremes, a bare compendium of reactions and a reasonably complete textbook, this bwk is a respectable compromise. D O N l L D C. GREGG
LIQUID EXTRACTION
Robert E. Treybol, Professor of Chemical Engineering, New Yak University. McGraw-Hill Bwk Co., Inc., New York, 1951. 422 pp. 262 figs. 22 tables. 15.5 X 24 cm. $7.50. vii
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"INDISTILLATION processes, a mixture of two substances i8 sepmated by creation of two phases, one liquid and one vapor, by the addition of heat, and the separation is brought about by virtue of the fact that the relative concentration of the substance is different in the two ohases. Subsequent condensation of the vapor phase is broughi about by removal of heat. In extraction, two liquid phases are formed by the addition of an immiscible solvent, whioh then hsoomes the analoe of heat." This distillation analo~ i.i ujed ~urw*ifully11). t t w uutllor in tying inurl~oi th? theory and m l ~ u l ~ t iI Ummm i u r ~ ~ i l i x ~ J ~ ~ tpl~enornrrm. ill~tri~~r~ 'fht. I,cr,k rau l r d i v i ~ l ~inw 4 f m wc~ionz: ~ h.~iir theory ~
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THE CHEMISTRY OF THE NONBENZENOID HYDROCARBONS Benjamin T. Brooks, Consultins Chemist, New York. Second edition. Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1950. d v 615 pp. 31 figs. 78 tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. $12.
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THE~econdedition of this well-known work has long been due. The first edition, published in 1922, had fallen far behind the theoretical and technological aspects of the field. Dr. Brooks' new edition summarizes the latest advances in the chemistry and applications of nonbenzenoid hydrocarbons and of their closely related derivatives. The book deals with all types of nonbenzeuoid hydroearbonsparaffins, cyclaparaffins (including terpenes), olefins, and acetylenes. Methods of synthesis, properties, and reactions with common chemical agents are discussed in detail for each class. Important industrial processes such as thermal cracking, oxidation, hydrogenation, polymerization, alkylation, isomerisation, and the 0x0 process are presented with clarity. Topics such as the relationship of antiknock properties to structures of compounds, natural and synthetic rubber, the Prins reaction, and theory of engine knock are covered with a great deal of understanding. Other valuable works such as those of Ellis and Egloff have covered somewhat the same areas, but not in the same manner. Apparently no attempt was made here to record all published papers and patents on each subject. Very careful selection of material has been made so that the reader obtains a well-rounded idea of the complete field. Enough references to the original literature are given 80 that one may follow up a particular line of interest without difficulty. The book is well written, printed, and
