Literature of the Science and Technology of Ceramics, Including

5 Literature of the Science and Technology of Ceramics,

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Including Enamels and Glass R O B I N R. B . M U R R A Y State University of N e w York, College of Ceramics at Alfred University, Alfred, N. Y .

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hemistry, physics, geology, crystallography, metallurgy, electrochemistry, and many other sciences contribute considerably to the science of ceramics. O w i n g to this, m u c h pertinent research data must be ferreted from various other sources. This, however, was not originally the case. Dates of the origin of ceramics and glass are not known, but pottery is shown on E g y p t i a n artifacts dated before 6000 B . C . (29), and it is known that glass was being used for utensils and jewelry before 3000 B . C . E v e n enameling was known i n Europe and Asia several centuries before Christ (15). It is from this crude beginning, when ceramic materials were improved by trial and error, that the field of ceramics became a dynamic science. One of the recognized fathers of this science was Hermann August Seger, who spent 71 In Literature of Chemical Technology; Smith, J.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1968.


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his short life concentrating on scientific research i n ceramics. H e contributed many original and extensive papers from 1870 to 1893. E v e n the definition of "ceramics" was evasive for many years i n this country, until i n 1920 a special committee of the American Ceramic Society proposed that ceramic industries include burned clay, cementing materials, glass and glassware, enameled metal products, refractories, abrasives, and electrical and thermal insulating materials (8). Recently, the term has been defined as "the technology and art concerned with the manufacture from inorganic, nonmetallic substances and materials of products that are subjected to a high temperature during manufacture or use" (34) or " a l l engineering materials or products that are chemically inorganic, except for metals and metal alloys, and are usually rendered serviceable through h i g h temperature processing" (27). D u r i n g the last 40 years, the ceramic industry has been changing rapidly. A new field, ceramic-metal systems, is developing from the basic ceramic science. This area now includes ceramic-to-metal seals, vitreous enameled metals, and glass-lined containers, to name only a few. Electronic ceramics is another new field w h i c h is arising mainly from whitewares, through developments i n such products as spark plugs, electrical porcelain, and dielectric insulators. Other products w h i c h are included i n this category are semiconductors and ferrimagnetic materials. W i t h the demand for materials having such properties as high temperature resistance and chemical inertness i n this space age, ceramics has expanded from the traditional technology of the silicates to include that of the borides, carbides, nitrides, oxides, and silicides (20). General

References

Ceramics is now a broad field to cover, and separate chapters i n this book w i l l be devoted to the literature of both abrasives and refractories and cement and concrete. Space does not allow a listing of all pertinent great books here, but a selective bibliography follows, whose entries include references to other recognized literature i n each specifically related field. Several standard reference series have good inclusive sections on the science and technology of the various branches of ceramics like glass, pottery, abrasives, enamels, clay, refractories, etc. Such sources include the " E n c y c l o pedia Americana," the "Encyclopaedia Britannica," the "Encyclopaedia of the Ceramic Industries," and the "Encyclopedia of Engineering Materials and Processes." These are good preliminary sets and generally have pertinent references appended. Abstracts, Indexes, and Information Services. D u r i n g the development period, ceramists had the forethought to organize professional societies. T h e British Ceramic Society, American Ceramic Society, and Society of Glass T e c h nology have been exchanging information since close to the turn of the century. The British Ceramic Society was originally called the Ceramic Society and still publishes Transactions, including British Ceramic Abstracts and various ceramic papers. In 1964 the Society introduced two additional series: the Journal, w h i c h releases Society activities i n reports, w i t h development surveys

In Literature of Chemical Technology; Smith, J.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1968.

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and book reviews, and the Proceedings, w h i c h contains "sets of papers presented at certain specialized meetings of the Society" (30). T h e Society also cooperates w i t h the European Ceramic Association i n classifying British Ceramic Abstracts according to the D . E . C . (Documentation Europenne C e r a m i que) classification system. Ceramic Abstracts is published separately i n the Journal of the American Ceramic Society and is indexed annually by author and subject. It contains abstracts of books, periodical articles, ceramic papers, and patents. The Journal is published monthly and includes papers "related to the silicate industries" (17). The American Ceramic Society Bulletin includes the proceedings of Society's conferences and other information related to ceramic industrial development. To simplify usage of these periodicals, the Society has supplied "Indexes to Publications of the American Ceramic Society Journal, 1918-1955, American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 1922-1955." The American Chemical Society has also contributed greatly to the ceramic field by the services offered in Chemical Abstracts. This series contains abstracts of selected literature related to those fields of present-day ceramics w h i c h have been previously untapped by the ceramic scientist. U n t i l 1962 ceramic entries were included i n Section 19 (Glass, C l a y Products, Refractories, and Enameled Metals) and Section 20 ( B u i l d i n g Materials—Cement, Concrete, and Other Building Materials). In the current classification of 80 sections (rather than the original 3 0 ) , this basic information is i n Section 57 (Ceramics) and Section 58 (Cement and Concrete Products). The important point is that related ceramic information has become more related to the specific sciences and may be found i n sections such as Surface Chemistry and Colloids, Phase Equilibriums, Thermodynamics, Crystallization, Spectra, Inorganic Chemicals, Industrial Inorganic Chemicals, Mineralogical and Geological Chemistry, etc. A n n u a l and cumulative indexes have likewise increased indexing terms and cross-references as the field has expanded. T o speed up the availability of scientific literature, the American Chemical Society initiated an indexing service i n 1960, entitled Chemical Titles. This covers 600 selected titles including ceramic periodicals such as the Journal of the American Ceramic Society and Steklo i Keramika. The series includes an author and keyword index and has current "tables-of-contents" of a number of significant journals. This is a useful service although the system does not have the same permanent reference value as Chemical Abstracts. L i k e the British Ceramic Society, LTnstitut de Ceramique Francais classifies ceramic literature according to the D . E . C . classification system i n a monthly Bulletin de Documentation Ceramique published i n Vlndustrie Ceramique. This service is available i n classified card form, and even when the abstracts are written i n F r e n c h , they are still useful. O n a similar basis, Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft classifies the abstracts of ceramic literature w h i c h are published i n their Berichte. It is encouraging to note that the international ceramic organizations are coordinating their abstracting efforts more as time goes on. Comparative organizations w h i c h contribute to the professional ceramic literature are the Ceramics Research Association of H a i f a , the N e w Zealand Pottery and Ceramics R e -


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search Association, the Canadian Ceramic Society, the Expanded Shale, C l a y , and Slate Institute, the Indian Ceramic Society, the National L i m e Association, and the Associacao Brasileira de Ceramica. In August 1965, the first volume of the Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society was started (2). This general list alone shows some of the many sources w h i c h can be contacted and w h i c h are considered to be the official ceramic authorities. Periodicals. T o discuss the many pertinent trade journals w o u l d be a major project, but a few titles must be mentioned. Ceramic Age and Ceramic Industry are the two recognized news media for the U n i t e d States. T h e y have monthly advertisers' indexes, annual editorial indexes, technical articles, and convention announcements and reports. Such reports, articles, and activities are published for the western ceramic industries i n Ceramic News. British industrial news is similarly covered i n Pottery Gazette and Glass Trades Review and Ceramics, a journal of the British Pottery Managers' Association. The merit of several other foreign periodicals should also be considered. Abstracting services are published regularly i n Szklo i Ceramika, Tonindustrie Zeitung und Keramische Rundschau, Silicates Industriels, Sprechsaal fur Keramik-GlasEmail-Silikate, and Ziegelindustrie. Several of these journals also include industrial news and abstracts of patents. The journal field can hardly be abandoned without referring to several good house organs supplied by various industrial concerns. A news media of the ceramic industry, the Ceramic Forum is published by the O. H o m m e l C o . , and Silicate P's ir Q's is available from the Philadelphia Quartz C o . The Monthly Bulletin for the Ceramic Industry of C . E . Ramsden & C o . i n E n g l a n d is a good little publication containing a ceramic technical or educational review i n each issue. M o r e scientific house organs include Asahi Kasei Seni No Kenkyu from the Asahi C h e m i c a l C o . , Japan and Radex Rundschau of the AustroAmerican Magnesite C o . In Austria. Books. Although ceramic books cannot be reviewed i n detail, the recognized basic books are marked w i t h an asterisk i n the accompanying bibliography. O f the numerous relevant books published i n the last decade, those of Kingery, Kirkendale, L e e ( w h i c h contains a chapter on dental porcelain), Norton, Salmang, Insley and Frechette, and Searle must be mentioned. These, together w i t h the three-volume series, "Ceramics," by E . P. M c N a m a r a , and "Phase Diagrams for Ceramists," are the w e l l known authorities on ceramic science and technology. Reference to books w h i c h were considered appropriate for a l l fields of ceramics i n earlier years, is available i n "Reference L i s t of Ceramic Books" (16), compiled by the American Ceramic Society. Proceedings. A number of conferences are also noted i n the bibliography, such as the Transactions of the International Ceramic Congress, w h i c h is a biennial record of progress i n the ceramic world. In most cases, only the latest convention has been cited i n the bibliography, but a l l previous proceedings should be considered. Another significant example of this type of literature was shown i n 1950 when the British Ceramic Society celebrated its Jubilee w i t h a symposium "to survey the growth of the practice, the technology, and the basic science of ceramics" (14) i n the words of the eminent British scientist A r n o l d Trevor Green, who with G . H . Stewart edited the symposium i n



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"Ceramics: a Symposium" (14). In 1959, Green was honored by the Society with the publication of " T h e A . T . Green Book." G . H . Stewart also edited reports of two "Science of Ceramics," conferences w h i c h were held under the auspices of both the British and D u t c h Ceramic Societies i n 1961 and 1963. Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, and Handbooks. A n n u a l reviews of ceramic industrial materials, activities, production, etc., are included i n the "Ceramic D a t a Book," "Pottery Gazette and Glass Trade Review: Reference Book and Directory," and a few other annual issues of related periodicals, such as Materials in Design Engineering (24) and Ceramic Industry (7). Similar foreign information and statistics can be located i n such publications as "Jahrbuch fur Keramik, Glas, E m a i l " and "Sprechsaal Silikat Jahrbuch" by Kalsing. As i n most fields today, the ceramist has the advantage of state-of-the-art reports i n his own and related fields. Examples of these w o u l d include " P r o g ress i n Ceramic Science," edited by J . E . Burke, "Progress i n A p p l i e d Materials Research," "Progress i n Solid State Chemistry," "Reports on the Progress of A p p l i e d Chemistry," published by the Society of Chemical Industry ( L o n d o n ) , " S o l i d State Physics," and "Special Ceramics," edited by P. Popper (see Proceedings). M a n y other such "Advances i n " or "Progress of" series are appropriate and are published by such companies as Interscience ( W i l e y ) , Plenum (Consultants), or Pergamon ( M a c m i l l a n ) . These publications are now making it much simpler to keep abreast of current developments i n the adjoining fields of interest. Standards and Specifications. Established American standards and specifications have been prepared by many scientific committees of the American Society for Testing and Materials and published i n book form. The " A S T M Standards 1964" now has 32 parts consisting of specifications, methods of testing, definitions, and recommended practices needed for the production, procurement, and testing of engineering materials. Parts 8-14 are particularly related to ceramics, Part 13 being entitled "Refractories; Glass; Ceramic M a t e rials." These volumes are revised annually. In addition, compilations of reports, symposium papers, and other technical publications i n the materials field are published by the A S T M . Useful standards are also available from the British Standards Institution and U . S . federal and military agencies. Statistics. In the ceramic industry it is difficult to find true over-all statistics owing to the fact that so many of the products are merely parts of other manufactured items. Household appliance enamels and semiconductors are examples. However, general statistical information is available i n the " U n i t e d States Census of Manufacture" of the U . S . Bureau of Census, and although the coverage is not as detailed, statistics are also reported i n "Minerals Yearbook, M i n e r a l Facts and Problems" (which includes bibliographies) and "Commodity Year Book." In any case, it is always wise to contact the appropriate state authorities if detailed local industrial statistics are required. The " G r o w t h and Development of the Nonmetallic M i n e r a l Industries" by Oliver Bowles and C . W . Justice gives a 50-year survey w i t h statistics of various branches of the ceramic industry. E . E . Pratt's "Pottery Industry," though old, includes a good survey of pottery statistics and useful information for industrial manufacture. Incidentally, the Technical Aids Branch of the U . S . International


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Cooperation Administration published a series of reports i n 1959 w h i c h contained plant requirements for the manufacture of various products including ceramic dinnerware, kitchen earthenware, building brick, sanitary ware, glass containers, and others. T o follow the student ceramic research activities i n the U n i t e d States, P h . D . theses are normally included i n Dissertation Abstracts, and masters' and P h . D . theses are listed annually i n one of the early issues of the Ceramic Abstracts (4). The source and availability of these theses are also given. In some cases, bachelors' theses are abstracted at individual colleges, as they are annually at the State University of N e w York College of Ceramics at Alfred University i n the Monthly Progress Report (26). Ceramic

Art

E v e n though we are presently considering the literature of ceramic science, information related to ceramic art cannot be neglected. In many available art volumes, materials and technical procedures are discussed. Some of the recognized books i n this field are the classic, " A Potter's Book" by Bernard H . L e a c h , " T h e Potters C r a f t " by C . F . Binns, and "Ceramics for the Artist Potter" by Frederick H . Norton. Other related books w h i c h should be mentioned here are " C l a y and Glazes for the Potter" by D a n i e l Rhodes, " C h i n a M e n d i n g and Restoration" by C . S. M . Parsons and F . H . C u r l , and "Mosaics" by Joseph L . Young. F o r further information i n pottery and ceramic art, Ceramic Abstracts should be consulted. T h e Art Index is another basic source w h i c h has been supplemented by the "Index to A r t Periodicals" compiled by the Ryerson L i b r a r y , A r t Institute of Chicago. In searching for ceramic literature, if one decides that a good book, a library's card catalog, or a pertinent reference such as the "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology" w i l l not suffice, other sources must be considered. T o carry out a complete literature investigation for a research project, no stone may be left unturned. The location of one article reporting research w h i c h has already been completed can save an institution thousands of dollars. In addition to the abstracting services published by professional societies, as previously discussed, Applied Science and Technology Index, previously known as the Industrial Arts Index, Engineering Index, Science Abstracts, and Solid State Abstracts should be consulted. Another fairly recent introduction has been the Science Citation Index, w h i c h is based on an "article reference" principle. This service discloses other references i n w h i c h a certain article has been cited and lends a new aspect to literature searching. B y using these sources and other more specific abstracting or indexing services, such as those included i n the Battelle Technical Review, related articles w i l l generally be located w h i c h w i l l cite further references. Bibliographies. A t the same time, bibliographies may be located which can save many hours of searching time. A supporting title comes to m i n d entitled "Bibliography of Reviews i n Chemistry" of the American Chemical Society. This was an annual series w h i c h indexed current scientific papers including good bibliographies (1958-62). M a n y of the earlier authoritative


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references i n the ceramic field can be found i n such bibliographies as those compiled by C. J . West and D . D . Berolzheimer (37), T. N . M c V a y (25), and H e w i t t Wilson (38). Patents. To locate pertinent international patents, the reliable Ceramic Abstracts and Chemical Abstracts should still be consulted. Chemical Abstracts also has a useful patent index, published annually and cumulatively. The Uniterm Index to Chemical Patents and the Official Gazette of the U . S . Patent Office conveniently cover the U . S . patents, and one should have an Index of Patents Issued from the United States Patent Office available. The U . S . Patent Office w i l l also make available all patents related to specific classified fields as they are published. A t a reasonable rate per subject, this is a valuable service. Government research is another field of interest that may reap dividends. Nuclear Science Abstracts reviews all literature i n its nominal field, including government documents and research reports. Other sources include U.S. Government Research Reports, Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports, and Technical Abstract Bulletin. A l l unclassified reports included i n the latter two series are now included i n U.S. Government Research Reports and are available for a fee from the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information (formerly the Office of Technical Services). It may also be possible to use surveys such as L . E . Geyers "Revised List of Publications on Ceramic Investigations," Norman L . Hecht's "Survey of Ceramic Research Programs Sponsored by Government Agencies," or "Bibliography of Reports on Ceramics," of the U . S . Office of Technical Services. Other series of this agency are entitled "Scientific Bibliography" or "Informal Bibliography," w h i c h were replaced by the "Catalog of Technical Reports" series and then superseded by the Selective Bibliography series. This series consists of neat, separate subject listings of government research reports related to many fields, such as "Ceramics and Refractories, 1930-59," and "Ceramics." One regular problem i n the literature field is the variety of languages i n w h i c h information may be published. T o offset this national difficulty, the number of translated journals is increasing continuously. As an example, such journals as the Russian Steklo i Keramika and Ogneupory are now available i n English as Glass and Ceramics and Refractories, respectively. Available translations are also listed i n Technical Translations of the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, w h i c h supersedes both Translation Monthly of the Special Libraries Association and Bibliography of Translations of Russian Scientific and Technical Literature. In some cases, such as the Journal of the Ceramic Association of Japan or Bulletin de la Societe Francaise de Ceramique, a translation may not be needed. In such cases, an English review is included, and often the tables or graphs w i l l supply sufficient information. Another feature about significant foreign articles is that they are likely to be translated and published i n an English or American journal within a reasonable length of time. Translations of scientific literature are indexed and available through the National Research C o u n c i l of Canada, U . S . Atomic Energy Commission, U . S . Defense Documentation Center, U . S . National Aeronautics and Space Administration (13), and the S L A Translations Center, John Crerar L i b r a r y , Chicago. Commercial translation agencies



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are listed i n "Scientific Translations" (28) of the U . S . Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. One good source of translations i n the field of glass was started w i t h the American Ceramic Society's "Translations of Foreign Articles on Glass Technology" ( 5 ) . This cooperative venture on the part of the Glass Division of the Society, has also been supported by the Corning Glass Works Research and Development Laboratory, the Owens-Illinois Technical Center, and the Owens-Corning Fiberglas C o r p . Glass Research Laboratory. Such efforts have been continued by these and other institutions by supplying translated articles for publication i n Technical Translations (12). In recent years the British Glass Industry Research Association has been listing translations i n glass science and technology w h i c h are now made available for indexing i n Technical Translations. A list of the intermediary B G I R A translations is being prepared for distribution by the American Ceramic Society. U p to this point we have covered the sources of information i n the overall field of ceramics. It is expected that pertinent books i n related fields of interest w i l l be adequately reviewed i n Ceramic Abstracts or Chemical Abstracts and that all recognized reference sources and periodicals of the physical sciences can be made available to carry out adequate research i n ceramics. Clay Since the origin of ceramics rested on utilitarian principles w i t h materials from the earth and since three-fourths of the total production of clay is used i n the ceramic industry ( 3 3 ) , information on clay should be considered here. F r o m prehistoric times, the content of clay has been of prime importance to pottery and ceramics. A n old, but useful "Bibliography of C l a y Deposits" was compiled by H e i n r i c h Ries i n 1925, which was supplemented i n 1953 by " C l a y Bibliography," prepared at Bowling Green State University. Scientific progress i n the field is reported annually i n the proceedings of the National conference on clays and clay minerals and "Proceedings of the International C l a y Conference." Interesting U . S . Government research monographs to consult are " C l a y " by P. M . Tyler, and the " C h e m i c a l Analysis of C l a y " by Haskiel R. Shell. Reliable books have been written by R a l p h E . G r i m , George B r o w n , and H . V a n Olphen. Pit and Quarry, Clay Minerals Bulletin, and the British Clayworker are the regular journals for the clay industry. Building

Materials

Building materials is another branch of industry i n w h i c h ceramics takes a part. Brick, tile, and lightweight agglomerate materials are good examples of this interest. In the U n i t e d States, various good serials are published such as Technical Notes on Brick and Tile Construction, and the Structural Clay Products Research Foundation Research Report. The Associated Brick M a n u facturers of Southern California publish Technical Bulletin on Brick Masonry, and a review of British road and building materials is available i n annual Reports on the Progress of Applied Chemistry. Other trade magazines i n this


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field are Brick and Clay Record and the non-technical, but w e l l illustrated, Brick and Tile of the Structural C l a y Products Institute. " C l a y Preparation and Shaping" by F . J . Goodson is a recent review of brick plant machinery, and a U . S . Bureau of Labor Statistics publication on " B r i c k and T i l e ( B y Stiff M u d Process)" is a good survey of this industry i n the U n i t e d States. The recognized books on this branch of the structural clay products industry are those by B . H . and R. G . K n i g h t , C . C . Handisyde, and A l f r e d B . Searle. Information on lightweight clay products can be found w i t h the bibliographies by Metzger and Fuess and i n the reports by Greaves-Walker, and Bole.


Enamels T o locate information on enamels, it is appropriate to start by using the bibliographic series w h i c h has been continuously supported by the American Ceramic Society. This series was first entitled " E n a m e l Bibliography and Abstracts" from 1929 to 1959 when it was changed to " C e r a m i c - M e t a l Systems and E n a m e l Bibliography." These are well-organized bibliographies w h i c h are now being published i n loose-leaf form. Other related bibliographies w h i c h have been published i n the American Ceramic Society periodicals are " A Reading List on Vitreous Enameling on Iron and Steel, 1907-1920" (36) by Clarence J . West, "Bibliography of Literature on Plasticity and Setting U p of E n a m e l Slips" (10) by R. D . Cooke, and " A Bibliography of Literature on E n a m e l Tests and Methods of C o n t r o l " (31) by B r y a n A . Rice. F o r translating, "Enamels, Emails, Emaux, Smalti: ein Wbrterbuch i n V i e r Sprachen" by J . Brandt and others is a German, English, F r e n c h , and Italian dictionary of enamels. Other noted books on enamels are those by Bryant, Andrews, Petzold, Vielhaber, H u m i n i k , and Lokshin. T o review the developments i n the enamels field, the Bulletin of the Institute of Vitreous Enamellers and "Proceedings of the International Congress on Vitreous E n a m e l i n g " should be followed as w e l l as the annual Forum Proceedings of the Porcelain Enamel Institute, w h i c h constitutes the basic American series related to enamels. In addition to the regular ceramic journals containing papers on enamels, the German Mitteilungen des Vereins Deutscher Emailfachleute e.V. should be scanned regularly. Books for an enamels craft collection might include the interesting titles by Hans Gunther Marek and C . Hasenohr. Glass Glass is the largest and most diversified field i n ceramic science, and the Society of Glass Technology was established i n Great Britain i n 1917 w i t h its own journal, including abstracts. The journal is now published under two titles, Glass Technology and Physics and Chemistry of Glasses, and each of these is published bimonthly w i t h abstracts related to its respective interests. Other periodicals related to the glass branch of ceramics are Glaces et Verres of France, the Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute Bulletin of India, Glass of E n g l a n d , Glastechnische Berichte of Germany, Glasteknisk Tidskrift of Sweden, Verres et Refractaires of France, and Vetro e Silicati of Italy. Supplemented by these journals are several American titles w h i c h keep the



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glass industry posted on current affairs and activities. These include Glass Industry, which also reviews the glass patents each month, American Glass Review, w h i c h publishes an annual Glass Factory Directory Issue, and National Glass Budget, w h i c h is a weekly review of the industry with a biography and portrait of some prominent person in the glass field almost every week. Stained Glass is the professional quarterly of the Stained Glass Association which lists current stained glass references. Noted authors i n the glass sciences include Gunther, Scholes, Tooley, Morey, Mackenzie, W e y l and Marboe, and W e y l . Bibliographies can be found i n the literature on various aspects of the glass industry, including a good survey of books (1) by the American Ceramic Society, a "Bibliography on Glass Structures" edited by W . G . Lawrence (21), and other articles such as " L i s t of U . S . Patents Pertaining to Laminated Glass" by James F . W a l s h (35). W e l l known bibliographical compilations such as those by the Carnegie Institute of Technology, D . C . Cornish, Catherine D . M a c k , and Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation, are also quite appropriate. Government research reports on glass are well covered by the Selective Bibliography series of the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information. One significant report entitled "Ordnance Materials Handbook: Glass," prepared by the U . S . Ordnance Corps, is a fairly recent collection of engineering information and data. Other useful reviews with good bibliographies have been prepared by Condon ( 9 ) , D i m b l e b y ( I I ) , M a c K e n z i e (23), and Kauzmann (18). Current scientific developments i n glass research are reported occasionally at international conferences and are subsequently published in book form. A number of these are listed i n the bibliography. A few examples of books regarding the art and history of glass, written w i t h a point of view more akin to the scientific field, are those by Buckley, Caley, Eisen, Heddle, Kinney, and Plant. One branch of glass w h i c h has not been covered i n this text is the practice of glassblowing, w h i c h is required i n most laboratory research. Several books are currently available i n this field, together w i t h the periodical, Fusion, of the American Scientific Glassblowers' Society. The pertinent books are by Parr and Hendley, Robertson et ah, Wheeler, and W a u g h . A glaze is not glass i n the commercial sense, although it is a glassy coating w h i c h is used over earthenware, brick, pottery, etc., i n the field of ceramics. G o o d bibliographies on glazes can be found i n "Literature Abstracts of Ceramic Glazes" by John Henry Koenig and W . H . Earhart, and "Pottery Glazes" (6) published i n Ceramic Industry. Worthwhile books have also been written by Viehweger, Green, and Singer and German. The w e l l known and authoritative "Ceramic Glazes" of C u l l e n W . Parmelee, has since been edited and revised by E . D . L y n c h and A . L . Friedberg. Porcelain Another important branch of ceramics is the porcelain field. It includes fine whiteware or china and manufactured items such as sanitary ware and electric insulators. There are several important books related specifically to porcelain, including " K a o l i n Clays and Their Industrial Uses" of the J . M .



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Glass

81

Huber Corp., "The Evolution of a L u m p of C l a y " of the Coors Porcelain Co., Lundin's "Studies on Triaxial W h i t e ware Bodies," and the two w e l l known titles: "Ceramic W h i t e wares by Rexford Newcomb and " M a k i n g True Porcelain Dinnerware" by Robert E . G o u l d . In 1951, a bibliography entitled "Porcelain and Pottery" was published by the U . S . National Bureau of Standards. T o approach the present uncertain ceramic developments i n the space age, a w e l l recommended book entitled "Refractory H a r d Metals" was written by Paul Schwartzkopf i n 1953. B y 1958, several articles were published showing the rapid progress i n this area. These articles were " W h a t C a n Ceramics D o i n Missiles" ( 3 ) , " N e w Developments i n Ceramics" ( 1 9 ) , and "Investigation of Ceramic Materials in a Laboratory Rocket M o t o r " (22). It is significant that the literature is extending to these expanding fields today. Books w h i c h have been published since that time include "Materials for Rockets and Missiles" by Robert G . Frank and W i l l i a m F . Zimmerman, "Volatile Silicon Compounds" by E . A . V . Ebsworth, " M e t a l Spraying and the Flame Deposition of Ceramics and Plastics" by W . E . Ballard, and "Physical Ceramics for Engineers" by Lawrence H . V a n Vlack. Electroceramics T o touch the electro ceramic field as a final topic, there are a few books which have been published fairly recently. These are " O p t i c a l Properties of Semi-Conductors" by Trevor S. Moss, "Imperfections and Active Centres i n Semiconductors" by R. G . Rhodes, "Studies on Electroceramics and Their Applications" by the M u r a t a Manufacturing C o . of Kyoto, Japan, and " E l e k t r o keramik" by A l f r e d Hecht and others. H a v i n g attempted to give a sound approach to the location of literature i n the ceramic field, it might be appropriate to close w i t h the observation that there seems to be a dispersion developing i n the publication of pertinent literature. It has become necessary to examine the literature i n all scientific journals to maintain a clear picture of the progress i n ceramic science. This causes more difficulty to the literature searcher but indicates a closer cooperation w i t h the other physical scientists i n basic research. Acknowledgment This paper has been written with appreciation for the opinions of various members of the faculty of the S. U . N . Y . College of Ceramics at A l f r e d U n i versity. The extra assistance of V a n Derek Frechette, Charles H . Greene, W . G . Lawrence, W a y n e E . Brownell, and M i l t o n E . Tuttle deserves special mention. Literature (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Cited

Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 4, 239 (1925). J. Australian Ceram. Soc. 1 (1965). Castelfranco, J . , Ceram. Ind. 70, 84 (1958). Ceram. Abstr., p. 24, January 1964. Ceram. Abstr. 6, 128 (1956). Ceram. Ind. 54, 148 (1950). Ceram. Ind. 82, 59 (1964).



82

LITERATURE

OF C H E M I C A L TECHNOLOGY

(8) Committee on Definition of the Term Ceramics, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 3, 530 (1920). (9) Condon, Edward U . , Am. J. Phys. 22, 43, 132, 224, 310 (1954). (10) Cooke, R. D., Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 5, 232 (1926). (11) Dimbleby, Violet, Glass Rev. 6, 207 (1930). (12) Gardon, Robert, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 44, 260 (1965). (13) Glass Division Research Committee, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 36, 377 (1957). (14) Green, Arnold T., Stewart, G. H . , eds., Ceramics, Symp., Stoke-on-Trent Buxton, 1950, ν (1953). (15) Henry, Francoise, "Encyclopedia of World Art, Vol. 4, p. 735, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961. (16) J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 6, 322 (1923). (17) J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 47, t.p. (1964). (18) Kauzmann, Walter, Chem. Rev. 43, 219 (1948). (19) Koenig, John H . , Mater. Design. Eng. 47, 121 (1958). (20) Kriegel, W . W., "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology," R. E. Kirk and D . F. Othmer, eds., Vol. 4, p. 759, Interscience, New York, 1964. (21) Lawrence, W . G., ed., Glass Ind. 42, 396, 440, 492, 557, 630, 696 (1960); 42, 29, 84, 136, 201, 254 (1961). (22) Lynch, J . F. et al., Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 37, 443 (1958). (23) MacKenzie, John Douglas, Chem. Rev. 56, 455 (1956). (24) Mater. Design Eng. 62, 350 (1965). (25) McVay, R. N . , Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 16, 33 (1937). (26) Monthly Progr. Rept. Alfred Univ., Res. Dept. No. 324, June 1963. (27) "Objective Criteria in Ceramic Engineering Education, p. 4, American Society for Engineering Education, Urbana, Ill., 1963. (28) Parker, S., Roberts, R., U. S. Dept. Health, Ed., Welfare, Pub. Health Serv. Publ. No. 514, 1957. (29) Peroni, Renato, "Encyclopedia of World Art," Vol. 3, p. 195, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1960. (30) Proc. Brit. Ceram. Soc. 1, Foreword (1964). (31) Rice, Bryan, Α., Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 5, 239 (1926). (32) Ries, Heinrich, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 4, 428 (1925). (33) Roush, G. Α., "Encyclopedia Americana," Vol. 7, p. 71, Americana Corp., Chicago, 1953. (34) Van Schoick, Emily C., "Ceramic Glossary," p. 9, American Ceramic Society, Columbus, 1963. (35) Walsh, James F., Chem. Met. Eng. 37, 421 (1930). (36) West, Clarence J., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 4, 47 (1921). (37) West, C. J., Berolzheimer, D . D., Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 10, 211 (1931). (38) Wilson, Hewitt, Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 5, 137 (1926). BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Adams, P. J., "Geology and Ceramics," Η. M . Stationery Office, London, 1961, 28 pp. "The A T. Green Book," British Ceramic Society, London, 1959, 309 pp. Anan'eva, Alevtina A. "Ceramic Acoustic Detectors." Consultants Bureau, New York, 1965,122 pp. * Andrews, Andrew I., "Ceramic Tests and Calculation," John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1928, 172 pp. * Andrews, Andrew I., "Porcelain Enamels," 2nd ed., Garrard Publishing Co., Cham paign, 111., 1961, 633 pp. *Armitage, Edward L . , "Stained Glass: History, Technology, and Practice," Charles T. Branford, Newton, Mass., 1959, 216 pp. *AzarofF, Leonid V., "Introduction to Solids," McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1960, 460 pp. * Ballard, W . E., "Metal Spraying and the Flame Deposition of Ceramics and Plastics," 4th ed., Griffin, London, 1963, 591 pp. *Bates, Thomas F., "Final Report on the Investigation of Morphology, Origin, and Structure of Fine-Grained Minerals," Pennsylvania State University, Mineral Indus tries Experiment Station No. T-27, University Park, Pa., 1958, 61 pp. (Cover title: ((



5.

MURRAY

Ceramics,

Enamels,

and

Glass

83

"Selected Electron Micrographs of Clays and Other Fine-Grained Minerals"). Bell, William C., " A Study of Glaze Stresses," Ohio State University Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 114, Columbus, Ohio, 1943, 28 pp. Belle, Jack, ed., "Uranium Dioxide—Properties and Nuclear Applications," U . S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Reactor Development, Naval Reactors, U . S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C , 1961, 726 pp. *Bennett, H . , Hawley, W . G., "Methods of Silicate Analysis," British Ceramic Research Association, Stoke-on-Trent, 1958, 159 pp.; 2nd rev. ed., Academic Press, New York, 1965, 334 pp. Besborodov, M . A., "Diagrams of Glass Forming Systems," Redaktsionno-Izdatelskii Opdek BPI im I. V. Stalina, Minsk, 1959, 312 pp. *Beyersdorfer, Paul, "Glashuttenkunde," 2nd ed., V E B Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Leipzig, 1964, 437 pp. Binns, Charles F., "Lectures on Ceramics," The Box of Books, Alfred, N . Y., 1961, 53 pp. *Binns, Charles F., and McMahon, John F., "The Potters Craft," 4th ed., D . Van Nostrand Co., Princeton, 1967, 144 pp. Birks, J . B., Hart, J . , eds., "Progress in Dielectrics," Vol. 5, Academic Press, New York, 1963, 368 pp. Biser, Benjamin F., "Elements of Glass and Glassmaking," Glass & Pottery, Pittsburgh, Pa., 139 pp. Bodin, Victor, "Technologie des Produits de Terre Cuite," Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1956, 247 pp. Bole, George A., "Development of Light-Weight Clay Products," Ohio State U n i versity Engineering Experiment Station Bulletin No. 84, Columbus, Ohio, 1934, 31 pp. *Borol, Edouard, "Electrical Glass Melting," transl. from the French by Samuel R. Scholes, Sr., Alfred University, State University College of Ceramics, Alfred, N . Y., 1961, 48 pp. Boswell, P. G. H . , "Muddy Sediments: Geotechnical Studies for Geologists, Engineers, and Soil Scientists," Heffer, Cambridge, England, 1961, 140 pp. Bowles, Oliver, Justice, C. W., "Growth and Development of the Nonmetallic Mineral Industries," Department of Commerce, U . S. Bureau of Mines, Information Circular No. IC-6687, Washington, D. C , February 1933, 50 pp. Boynton, Robert S., "Chemistry and Technology of Lime and Limestone," Interscience Publishers, New York, 1966, 520 pp. Brenner, Walter, L u m , D., Riley, Malcom W., "High Temperature Plastics," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1962, 231 pp. * Brown, George, ed., "X-Ray Identification and Crystal Structure of Clay Minerals," Mineralogical Society, London, 1961, 544 pp. * Bryant, Eugene Edward, "Porcelain Enameling Operations," rev. ed., Enamelist Publishing Co., Cleveland, Ohio, 1958, 113 pp. Buckley, Wilfred, "Art of Glass," Phaidon, New York, 1939, 281 pp. Budnikov, P. P., ed., "Fiziko-Khimicheski Osnovy Keramik," Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo Literatury po StroiteFnym Materialam, Moscow, 1956, 576 Dp. *Budnikov, P. P., ed., "The Technology of Ceramics and Refractories,' Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass., 1964, 647 pp. Burton, William, " A General History of Porcelain," Cassell, New York, 1921, 2 vols. Butterworth, B., "Bricks and Modern Research," Crosby, Lockwood, & Son, London, 1948, 160 pp. *Caley, Earl Radcliffe, "Analyses of Ancient Glasses, 1790-1957, A Comprehensive and Critical Survey, Corning Museum of Glass, Glass Monograph No. 1, Corning, N . Y., 1962, 118 pp. Carroll-Porczynski, C. Z., "Inorganic Fibers," Academic Press, New York, 1958, 353 pp. Carroll-Porczynski, C. Z., "Manual of Man-Made Fibres," Astex, Guildford, Surrey, ^England, 1960; The Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1961, 304 pp. *"Case Study Data on Productivity and Factory Performance: Brick and Tile (by Stiff M u d Process)," U . S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Report No. 43, Washington, D . C , 1953, 85 pp. Charan, Rama, "Handbook of Glass Technology," 3rd ed., Banaras Hindu University Press, Banaras, India, 1956, 339 pp. *Clews, F . H . , "Heavy Clay Technology," British Ceramic Society, Stoke-on-Trent, 1955, 328 pp.



84

LITERATURE


Colnot, Pierre, Gallet, Georges, " L e Verre et la Ceramique dans la Technique du V i d e / ' Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1962, 127 pp. "Continuous Glass-Making Process," Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Metallurgy, Ceramics Division, Cambridge, Mass., 1961. Cox, S. M . , "Strength of Glass in Relation to Its Kinetic Constitution," James A . Jobling, Sunderland, England, 1950, 92 pp. Cunynghame, Sir Henry Hardinge Samuel, "On the Theory and Practice of ArtEnamelling Upon Metals," 3rd ed., A. Constable, London, 1906, 187 pp. Dale, A. J . , German, W . L . , "Modern Ceramic Practice," Maclaren, London, 1964, 309 pp. Damour, Emilio, "Cours de Verrerie," Ch. Beranger, Paris, 1929-1936, 3 vols. Davis, Pearce, "The Development of the American Glass Industry," Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1949, 316 (Harvard Economic Studies, vol. 86). Dawihl, W., "Handbook of Hard Metal Alloys," H . M . Stationery Office, London, 1955, 162 pp. *Day, Ralph K., "Glass Research Methods," Industrial Publications, Chicago, 1953, 235 pp. Dear, Paul S., "X-ray Diffraction Data for Silicates, Aluminates, and Alumino-Silicates of Strontium," Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Engineering Experiment Station Series, Bulletin No. 117, Blacksburg, Va., 1957, 16 pp. DeBruyne, Norman A., Houwink, R., "Adhesion and Adhesives," Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, 1951, 517 pp. DeDani, A., ed., "Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics," Interscience Publishers, Inc., 1961, 296 pp. Devillers, Rene W., Vaerewyck, F. E., "Glass Tank Furnaces," transl. and ed. by Samuel R. Scholes, Ogden-Watney, New York, 1937, 139 pp. Dickson, J . H . , "Glass: A Handbook for Students and Technicians," Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1951, 300 pp. "Dielectric Properties of High Temperature Ceramics," U . S. Department of Commerce, Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information, Springfield, Va., May 1952, 4 pp. Dillon, Edward, "Glass," Methuen, London, 1907, 373 pp. Dralle, Robert, "Die Glasfabrikation," Miinchen und Berlin, 1926-31, 2 vols. Dubrovo, Sarra K., "Vitreous Lithium Silicates—Properties and Applications," Consultants Bureau Enterprises, Inc., New York, 1964, 46 pp. "Dust Control in Potteries, First Report," Ministry of Labour, Standing Committee for the Pottery Industry, H . M . Stationery Office, London, 1963 (H.M.S.O. No. 36-271). "Dust Extraction Systems in the Pottery Industry," British Ceramic Research Association, Stoke-on-Trent, 1958, pamphlet. Ebsworth, E . A. V., "Volatile Silicon Compounds," Macmillan Co., New York, 1963, 179 pp. Eisen, Gustavus A., "Glass, Its Origin, History, Chronology, Technic, and Classification to the Sixteenth Century," Rudge, New York, 1927, 2 vols. Eisenman, G., Bates, R., Mattock, G., Friedman, S. M . "The Glass Electrode," John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1966, 332 pp. *Eitel, Wilhelm, Pirani, M . , and Scheel, K., "Glastechnische Tabellen, Physikalische und Chemische Konstanten der Glaser," Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1932, 714 pp. *Eitel, Wilhelm, "The Physical Chemistry of the Silicates," University of Chicago Press, 1954, 1592 pp. *Eitel, Wilhelm, "Silicate Science," Academic Press, New York, 1964-66, 5 vols. "The Evolution of a Lump of Clay," Coors Porcelain Co., Golden, Colo., 1957, 63 pp. *Fanderlik, Milota, "Vady Skla," Statni Nakladatelstvi Technicke Literatury, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1963, 332 pp. Ford, R. W., Drying," Maclaren & Sons, Ltd., London, 1964, 62 pp. (Institute of Ceramics Textbook 3). *Foster, H . D., "Salt Glazes on Structural Clay Building Units," Ohio State University, Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 113, Columbus, Ohio, 1942, 40 pp. *Frank, Robert G., Zimmerman, William F., "Materials for Rockets and Missiles," The Macmillan Co., New York, 1959, 124 pp. Freund, Hugo, "Handbuch der Mikroskopie in der Technik—Mikroskopie in der Glas- und Emailtechnik," Vol. 4, no. 4, Umschau Verlag, Frankfurt, 1964.



5.

MURRAY

Ceramics,

Enamels,

and

Glass

85

Frohlich, Herbert, "Theory of Dielectrics—Dielectric Constant and Dielectric Loss," 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1958, 192 pp. Garner, Harry, "Chinese and Japanese Cloisonne Enamels," Tuttle, Rutland, Vt., 1962, 120 pp. Gauthier, Marie M . , Marcheix, Madeleine, "Limoges Enamels," Hamlyn, London, 1963, 40 pp. *Giegerich, Wilhelm, Trier, W., "Glasmaschinen—Aufbau und Betrieb der Maschinen zur Formgebung des Beissen Glases," Springer, Berlin, 1964, 407. Giffin, Frank, "Glass," Muller, London, 1963, 142 pp. *Gilard, Pierre, Dubrul, Leon, "Les Bases Physico-Chimiques de lTndustrie du Verre," Dunod, Paris, 1937, 223 pp. Gloag, John, ed., "Place of Glass in Building," rev. ed., G. Allen & Unwin, London, 1948, 122 pp. * Goldsmith, Alexander, Waterman, Thomas E., Hirschhorn, Harry J . , "Handbook of Thermophysical Properties of Solid Materials," Macmillan Co., New York, 1961, 5 vols. *Goodson, F. J . , "Clay Preparation and Shaping," Brick Development Association, London, 1962, 124 pp. Gould, R. E., "Making True Porcelain Dinnerware—A Discussion of Processes," Industrial Publications, Chicago, 1947, 106 pp. Gould, R. F., ed., "Nonstoichiometric Compounds," A D V A N C E S I N C H E M I S T R Y SERIES

No. 39, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C , 1963, 253 pp. Gramss, Ernst, "Das Porzellan," Muller & Schmidt, Coburg, Germany, 1951, 82 pp. Greaves-Walker, A. F., Bugg, S. L . , Hagerman, R. S., "The Development of Lightweight Aggregate from Florida Clays," University of Florida, Bulletin Series No. 46, Gainesville, Fla., 1951, 24 pp. * Greaves-Walker, A. F., "Drying Ceramic Products," 4th ed., Industrial Publications, Chicago, 1948, 112 pp. *Green, David, "Understanding Pottery Glazes," Faber and Faber, London, 1963, 128 pp. ^Griffiths, R., Redford, C., "Calculations in Ceramics," Maclaren, London, 1965, 157 pp. *Grim, Ralph E . , "Applied Clay Mineralogy," McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1962, 422 pp. *Giinther, Rudolph, "Glass Melting Tank Furnaces," transl. from the German by John Currie, Society of Glass Technology, Sheffield, England, 1958, 232 pp. Guttman, Werner H . , "Concise Guide to Structural Adhesives," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York^ 1961, 389 pp. Handisyde, C. C , "Building Materials," Architectural, London, 1950, 336 pp. Hansen, James E., ed., "Manuel of Porcelain Enameling," Enamelist Publishing Co., Cleveland, 1937, 513 pp. Harkort, Hermann, "Keramisches Praktikum," 9th ed., Verlag des Sprechsaal, Coburg, Germany, 1958, 192 pp. (glazes covered well). Hasenohr, C., "Email," V E B Verlag der Kunst, Dresden, Germany, 1955, 72 pp. Hauser, Ernst A., "Silicic Science," D . Van Nostrand Co., New York, 1955, 188 pp. Haward, Robert N . , "Strength of Plastics and Glass, Cleaver-Hume Press, London, 1949, 245 pp. Hecht, Alfred et al, "Elektrokeramik," Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1959, 269 pp. Hecht, H . , Cramer, E., "The Collected Writings of Hermann August Seger," Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1902, 2 vols. Hecht, Norman L . , "Survey of Ceramic Research Programs Sponsored by Government Agencies," Picatinny Arsenal, internal report, Dover, N . J . , March 1962, 36 pp. *Heddle, G. M . , "Manual on Etching and Engraving Glass," Tiranti, London, 1961, 66 pp. Heiligenstein, A. C , "Precis de Decoration dans les Arts du Feu—Vererie, Porcelaine, Faience," Dunod, Paris, 1957, 178 pp. Henze, Wolfgang, "Architektur—und Baukeramik," V E B Wilhelm Knapp, Saale, Germany, 1955, 273 pp. Herbst, Joseph, Glastechnische Praxis, V E B Deutscher Verlag fur Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1962, 160 pp. Hettes, Karel, Rada, Pravoslav, "Modern Ceramics," Spring Books, London, 1965, 301 pp. *Hinz, Wilhelm, "Silikate, Einfuhrung in Theorie und Praxis," V E B Verlag fur Bauwesen, Berlin, 1963, 868 pp.


86

LITERATURE


Hippel, Arthur R. von, ed., "Dielectric Materials and Applications," Wiley and Sons, New York, 1954, 438 pp. *Hodkin, Frederick W., Cousen, A., "Textbook of Glass Technology," Constable, London, 1925, 551 pp. *Holland, L . , "Properties of Glass Surfaces," John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1964, 546 pp. *Hove, J . E . , Riley, W . C , eds., "Ceramics for Advanced Technologies," John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1965, 448 pp. Hove, J . E., Riley, W . C , eds., "Modern Ceramics; Some Principles and Concepts," John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1965, 409 pp. *Hovestadt, Heinrich, "Jena Glass and Its Scientific and Industrial Applications," The Macmillan Co., London, 1902, 419 pp., reprinted in 1952. *Huminik, John, Jr., ed., " H i g h Temperature Inorganic Coatings," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1963, 310 pp. "I Semana de Estudios Ceramicos," Sociedad Espanola de Ceramics, Madrid, 1961, 219 pp. *Iler, Ralph K., "Colloid Chemistry of Silica and Silicates," Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N . Y., 1955, 324 pp. *Insley, Herbert, Frechette, Van Derek, "Microscopy of Ceramics and Cements," Academic Press, New York, 1955, 286 pp. Israel, Clinton F., " A Treatise on Glass Balls and Glass Marbles," Master Glass Co., Clarksburg, W . Va., 4 pp. *Jebsen-Marwedel, Hans, ed., "Glastechnische Fabrikationsfehler-eine Pathologische Technologie des Werkstoffes Glas," 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1959, 524 pp. Jellyman, P. E . , "Glass Fibres," Chap. 17, p. 567-593 of "Fibre Structure," ed. by J. W . S. Hearle and Rayman H . Peters, The Textile Instute, Manchester, Butterworth and Co., London, 1963. *Jones, Gwyn O., "Glass," Methuen, London; Wiley and Sons, New York, 1956, 119 pp. Jouenne, C. A., "Ceramique Generale: Notions de Physico-Chimie," Gauthier-Villars, Paris, 1960, 2 vols. "Kaolin Clays and Their Industrial Uses," 2nd ed., J . M . Huber Corp., New York, 1955, 214 pp. Kenny, John B., "Ceramic Design," Chilton Press, Philadelphia, 1963, 322 pp. King, A. G., Wheildon, W . M . , "Ceramics in Machining Processes," Academic Press, New York, 1966, 307 pp. *Kingery, W . D., ed., "Ceramic Fabrication Processes," Wiley and Sons, New York, 1958, 235 pp. *Kingery, W . D., ed., "Introduction to Ceramics," Wiley and Sons, New York, 1960, 781 pp. Kinney, Kay, "Glass Craft Designing, Forming, Decorating," Chilton, Philadelphia and New York, 1962, 178 pp. Kirkendale, George A., ed., "Drying Claywares," S U N Y College of Ceramics at Alfred University, Alfred, N . Y., 1967, 90 pp. * Kirkendale, George A., "Textbook for Ceramic Engineers," Alfred University, Alfred, N . Y., 1954, 212 pp. Kirschner, H . P., Gruver, R. M . , Walker, R. E., "Chemical Strengthening of Ceramic Materials," Summary Report, Linden Laboratories, Inc., State College, Pennsylvania, 1966, 124 pp. *Kitaigorodskii, Issac Il'ich, ed., "Technologie des Glases," Verlag Oldenburg, Munich; Verlag Technik, Berlin, 1957, 723 pp. Klinefelter, Theron A., "Syllabus of Clay Testing, Part I," U . S. Bureau of Mines, Bulletin No. 451, Washington, D. C , 1943, 35 pp. Knapp, Oscar, "Aktuelle Glas Fragen, Silikat Fachbuchreihe," Sprechsaal-Verlag, Coburg, W . Germany, 1964, 214 pp. Knapp, Oscar, "Aus der Welt des Glases," V E B Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, Germany, 1963, 181 pp. Knapp, Oscar, "Die Beleuchtungsglaser," Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1963, 159 pp. Knapp, Oscar, "Devitrification of Silicate Glasses," Akademiai Kiado, Publishing House of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, 1965, 92 pp. Knight, B. H . , Knight, R. G., "Builders Materials," 3rd ed., E . Arnold, London, 1955, 304 pp. Koenig, John H , "Physical Properties of Commercial Dinnerware," Ohio State U n i -


tt

7



5.

MURRAY

Ceramics,

Enamels,

and

Glass

87

versity, Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 101, Columbus, Ohio, 1939, 67 pp. *Korayni, Gyorgy, "Surface Properties of Silicate Glasses," Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, 1963, 104 pp. Kretzschmar, Eberhard, Schwarz, Hermann, "Metall-, Keramik-, und Plastspritzen," V E B Verlag Technik, Berlin, 1962, 392 pp. Lafuma, H . , "Chimie Appliquee aux Materiaux de Construction, Chaux et Ciments, Ceramique et Verrerie," Masson, Paris, 1962, 140 pp. Landrum, Robert D., "Enamels," Harshaw Fuller & Goodwin Co., Cleveland, 1918, 106 pp. Lang, S. M . , "Properties of High-Temperature Ceramics and Cements—Elasticity and Density at Room Temperature," U . S. National Bureau of Standards, Monograph No. 6, Washington, D . C , 1960, 45 pp. Lawrence, W . G., ed., "Clay-Water Systems," S U N Y College of Ceramics at Alfred University, Alfred, N . Y., 1965, 176 pp. * Leach, Bernard Howell, " A Potters Book," 2nd ed., Faber and Faber, Ltd., London, 1945, 294 pp. *Lee, P. William, "Ceramics," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1961, 210 pp. Lehman, Hans, "Hermann Seger; Forscher und Lehrer fur die Keramik in Berlin," Hermann Hubener Verlag, Goslar, 1959,146 pp. Lengersdorff, Martin, "Praktische Berechnungen von Massen und Glasuren," Sprechsaal-Verlag, Coburg, W . Germany, 1964, 83 pp. Liddell, William A., "Development of Science in the Glass Industry, 1880-1940," Dissertation, Yale University, New Haven, Conn., May 1953, 292 pp., mimeo. Littleton, Jesse T., Morey, G., "Electrical Properties of Glass," Wiley and Sons, New York, 1933, 184 pp. Llorens Artigas, Jose, "For mulario y Praticas de Ceramica," G. Gili, Barcelona, 1947, 452 pp. Lokshin, V . Ya., "Tekhnologiya Emalirovaniya Metallicheskikh Isdelii," 2nd ed., Rosgizmestprom, Moscow, 1955, 423 pp. *Long, Bernard, "Les Proprietes Physiques et la Fusion du Verre," Dunod, Paris, 1933, 489 pp. Long, Lois Culver, "Ceramic Decoration," American Art Clay Co., Indianapolis, 1958, 60 pp. Loomis, George A., " A Study of Domestic Ball Clays in Ivory Earthenware Bodies," Ohio State University, Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 69, Columbus, Ohio, 1932, 55 pp. *Lundin, Sten Tore, "Studies on Triaxial Whiteware Bodies," Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm, 1959, 197 pp., in English. McCreight, L . R., Ranch, H . W., Sr., Sutton, W . H , "Ceramic and Graphite Fibers and Whiskers; a Survey of the Technology," Academic Press, New York, 1965, 395 pp. MacGee, A. Ernest, "The Heat Required to Fire Ceramic Bodies," Ohio State U n i versity, Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 38, Columbus, Ohio, 1928, 60 pp., reprints from the Journal of the American Ceramic Society. McGrath, Raymond, Frost, A. C , "Glass in Architecture and Decoration," The Architectural Press, London, 1961, 712 pp. Machu, W i l l i , "Nichtmetallische Anorganische Uberzuge," Springer-Verlag, Vienna, 1952, 404 pp. ^Mackenzie, John Douglas, ed., "Modern Aspects of the Vitreous State," 3 vols., Butterworth and Co., 1960-1964. McMillan, P. W., "Glass-Ceramics," ed. by J . P. Roberts and P. Popper, Academic Press, New York, 1964, 230 pp. *McNamara, E . P., "Ceramics," 3 vols., Pennsylvania State College Press, State College, Pa., 1939-1944. "Manufacture of Optical Glass and of Optical Systems," U . S. Ordnance Department, Document No. 2037, U . S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D . C , 1921, 309 pp. Marker, Rudolf, "Emailliertechnik," Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, 1956, 213 pp. Marek, Hans Giinther, "Email-Fibel," Fachabteilung Emaillierte Blechwaren, Hagen, Germany, 44 pp. * Marshall, Charles Edmund, "Colloid Chemistry of the Silicate Minerals," Academic Press, New York, 1949, 195 pp.



88

LITERATURE

OF CHEMICAL

TECHNOLOGY

Martynov, M . A., Vizir, V . A., "Tekhnologiya Proizvodstvo Keramicheskikh Krasok," Gosudarstvennoe Izdatel'stvo Tekhnicheskoi Literatury, Kiev, 1956, 188 pp. Marx, H . , "Glas und Keramik," 3rd ed., Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, 1963, 118 pp. Matson, Frederick R., ed., "Ceramics and M a n , " Alden Publishing Co., Chicago, 1965, 301 pp. Marx, H . , "Glas und Keramik," V E B Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, 1959. Matthews, Joseph Merritt, "Textile Fibres," 6th ed., Wiley and Sons, London, 1954, 1283 pp. *Mazelev, L . IA., "Borate Glasses," transl. from the Russian, Consultants Bureau Enterprises, Inc., New York, 1960, 159 pp. Mernagh, Lawrence Reginald, "Enamels: Their Manufacture and Application," J . B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1928, 234 pp. "Molding Materials and Methods," American Foundrymen's Society, Des Plaines, 111., 1962, 600 pp. Moncrieff, R. W., "Man-Made Fibres," 4th ed., Wiley and Sons, New York, 1963, pp. 518-527. Moody, B. E., "Packaging in Glass," Hutchinson & Co., Ltd., London, 1963, 304 pp. Moore, Dwight G., Mason, Mary A., Harrison, William N . , "Relative Importance of Various Sources of Defect-Producing Hydrogen Introduced into Steel during Application of Vitreous Coatings," U . S. N A C A Report No. 1120, 1953, 12 pp. Moore, F., "Rheology of Ceramic Systems," Maclaren & Sons, Ltd., London, 1965, 78 pp. (Institute of Ceramics Textbook Series 2). Moore, Harry, "Platinum in the Glass Industry," Mond Nickel Co., London, 1958, 45 pp. *Morey, George W., "Properties of Glass," 2nd ed., American Chemical Society, Monograph Series No. 124, Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1954, 591 pp. Morgan, Phillip H . , ed., "Glass Reinforced Plastics," 3rd ed., Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1961, 340 pp. Moss, Trevor S., "Optical Properties of Semi-Conductors," Academic Press, New York, 1959, 279 pp. Nelson, Glenn C , "Ceramics—a Potters Handbook," 2nd ed., Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc., New York, 1966, 331 pp. *Newcomb, Rexford, Jr., "Ceramic Whitewares," Pitman Publishing Corp., New York, 1947, 313 pp. * Norton, Frederick Harwood, "Ceramics for the Artist Potter," Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., Reading, Mass., 1956, 320 pp. * Norton, Frederick Harwood, "Elements of Ceramics," Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., Reading, Mass., 1952, 246 pp. Obrig, Theodore Ernst, "Modern Ophthalmic Lenses and Optical Glass," 3rd ed., Obrig Laboratories, New York, 1944, 323 pp. *01phen, H . van, "Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry," Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1963, 301 pp. Orlowski, Howard J . , "Dental Porcelain," Ohio State University, Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 118, Columbus, Ohio, 1944, 34 pp. Orlowski, Howard J . , Marquis, John, "Lead Replacements in Dinnerware Glazes," Ohio State University, Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 125, Columbus, Ohio, 1946, 58 pp. *Orr, Clyde, Jr., Dallavalle, J . M . , "Fine Particle Measurement—Size, Surface, and Pore Volume, The Macmillan Co., New York, 1959, 353 pp. Palatzky, Alfred, "Technische Keramik—Herstellung Elektro—und Oxyd-Keramischer Werkstoffe," V E B Verlag Technik, Berlin, 1954, 184 pp. *Parmelee, Cullen W., "Ceramic Glazes," 2nd ed., ed. and rev. by E. D . Lynch and A. L . Friedberg, Industrial Publications, Chicago, 1951, 322 pp. *Parr, Louis Melville, Hendley, C. A., "Laboratory Glassblowing," Newnes, L t d . , London, 1956; Chemical Publishing Co., New York, 1957, 160 pp. Parsons, C. S. M . , Curl, F. H , "China Mending and Restoration," Faber & Faber, Ltd., London, 1963, 435 pp. *Partridge, John H , "Glass-to-Metal Seals," Society of Glass Technology, Sheffield, England, 1949, 238 pp. Peddle, Cyril J . , "Defects in Glass," Glass Publications, London, 1927, 205 pp. Pereira, Armando de A., "Industria Ceramica," 2nd ed., Livraria Martins Editora S. A., Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1953, 490 pp. Perry, Henry Alexander, "Adhesive Bonding of Reinforced Plastics," McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1959, 275 pp.



5.

MURRAY

Ceramics,

Enamels,

and

Glass

89

*Petzold, Armin, "Email," V E B Verlag Technik, Berlin, 1955, 504 pp. *Phillips, Charles J . , "Glass: Its Industrial Applications," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1960, 252 pp. * Phillips, Charles J . , "Glass, the Miracle Maker: Its History, Technology, Manufacture, and Applications," Pitman Publishing Corp., New York, 1948, 429 pp. "Plant Requirements for Manufacture of Kitchen Earthenware," U . S. International Cooperation Administration, Technical Aids Branch, Washington, D . C , 1959, 30 pp., other titles are related to: building brick; abrasive wheels; glass containers; flat glass; concrete blocks, pipe and slabs for walls; ceramic dinnerware; asbestos-cement siding; sanitary ware. Plaut, James S., "Steuben Glass," H . Bittner, New York, 1948, 30 pp. Plummer, Harry C , "Brick and Tile Engineering," 2nd ed., Structural Clay Products Institute, New York, 1962, 450 pp. Polak, Ada, "Modern Glass," Yoseloff, New York, 1962, 94 pp. Poor, Henry V., "Book of Pottery—From Mud into Immortality," Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N . J . , 1958, 192 pp. Powell, Harold, "Further Steps in Pottery," Blandford Press, Ltd., London, 1962, 88 pp. * Pratt, E. E., "Pottery Industry," U . S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Miscellaneous Series No. 21, U . S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D . C , ^1915, 709 pp. * "Reference Clay Minerals—Preliminary Reports No. 1-8," American Petroleum Institute, Research Project No. 49, Columbia University Press, New York, 1951. Reiner, Markus, ed., "Building Materials: Their Elasticity and Inelasticity," NorthHolland, Amsterdam, 1954, 560 pp. *Rhodes, Daniel, "Clay and Glazes for the Potter," Greenburg, New York, 1957, 219 pp. •Rhodes, Daniel, "Stoneware and Porcelain—the Art of High-Fired Pottery," Chilton Co., Philadelphia, 1959, 217 pp. Rhodes, R. G., "Imperfections and Active Centres in Semiconductors," The Macmillan Co., New York, 1964, 373 pp. Rich, C. I., and Kunze, G. W., eds., "Soil Clay Mineralogy—a Symposium," University of North Carolina Press, Chapel H i l l , N . C , 1964, 330 pp. Richmond, Joseph C , Moore, D. G., Kilpatrick, H . B., Harrison, W . N . , "Relation Between Roughness of Interface and Adherence of Porcelain Enamel to Steel," U . S. N A C A Report No. 1166, Washington, D. C , 1954, 9 p p Ries, Heinrich, "Clays of New York—their Properties and Uses," State University of New York, New York State Museum, Bulletin Vol. 7, No. 35, June 1900, Albany, N . Y., 1900, 944 pp. •Rigby, G. R., Green, A. T., "Thin-Section Mineralogy of Ceramic Materials," 2nd ed., British Refractories Research Association, Stoke-on-Trent, England, 1953, 231 pp. •Ritter, F., "Korrosionstabellen Nichtmetallischer Werkstoffe," Springer-Verlag, Vienna, 1956, 232 pp. Robertson, A . J . B., Fabian, D . J . , Crocker, A. J . , Dewing, J . , "Laboratory GlassWorking for Scientists," Academic Press, New York, 1957, 184 pp. Romagnoli, G. C , DeMarchi, C. L . , "II Vetro e i Suoi Difetti di Fabbricazione," Ulricho Hoepli, Milano, 1952, 337 pp. Ruscoe, William, "Manual for the Potter," C. T. Branford Co., Newton, Mass., 1959, 94 pp. •Ryshkewitch, Eugene, "Oxide Ceramics—Physical Chemistry and Technology," based on the author's "Oxydkeramik der Einstoffsysteme," Academic Press, New York, 1960, 472 pp. *Salmang, Hermann, "Ceramics—Physical and Chemical Fundamentals," 4th ed., Butterworth and Co., London, 1961, 380 pp. •Salmang, Hermann, "Die Glasfabrikation—Physikalische und Chemische Grundlagen," Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1957, 354 pp. Sandeman, E . A., "Notes on the Manufacture of Earthenware," Lockwood & Son, Ltd., London, 1921, 375 pp. Schill, F., "Foamed Glass," Statni Nakladatelstvi Technicke Literatury, Prague, 1962, 269 pp. Schmidt, Rudolf, "Der Praktische Glasschmelzer," 4th ed., V E B Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, 1953, 341 pp. %>



90

LITERATURE


Schmidt, Rudolf, "Die Rohstoffe zur Glaserzeugung," 2nd ed., Akademie Verlagsgesellschaft Geest & Portig K.-G., Leipzig, 1958, 428 pp. Schnurpfeil, J., "Selected and Well-Proved Glass Recipes with A l l Details and Technical Hints, A l l Specialties," published by the author, Schliessfach 94, Munich 1, 1965, 48 pp. Scholes, Samuel Ray, ed., "Handbook of the Glass Industry," Ogden Publishing Co., New York, 1941, 209 pp. *Scholes, Samuel Ray, ed., "Modern Glass Practice," 3rd ed., Industrial Publications, Chicago, 1952, 312 pp. Scholze, Horst, "Glas: Natur, Struktur und Eigenschaften," Vieweg, Braunschweig, 1965, 370 pp. •Schott, Erich, ed., "Beitrage zur Angewandten Glasforschung," Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft M.b.H., Stuttgart, 1959, 361 pp. •Schwartzkopf, Paul, "Refractory Hard Metals," The Macmillan Co., New York, 1953, 447 pp. Scolville, Warren Candler, "Revolution in Glassmaking, 1880-1920," Harvard U n i versity Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1948, 398 pp. *Searle, Alfred B., Grimshaw, Rex W., "Chemistry and Physics of Clays and Other Ceramic Materials," 3rd ed., Benn, L t d . , London; Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1959, 942 pp. *Searle, Alfred B., "Modern Brickmaking," 4th ed., Benn, L t d . , London, 1956, 734 pp. Sellers, Thomas, "Throwing on the Potter's Wheel," Professional Publications, Columbus, Ohio, 1960, 80 pp. Semmelman, John O l , Lennon, John W., Watts, Arthur S., "Research in Steatite Porcelains," Ohio State University, Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 117, Columbus, Ohio, 1943, 47 pp. *Shand, Errol Bertram, "Glass Engineering Handbook," 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1958, 484 pp. Sharp, Donald Ellsworth, ed., "Feldspar as a Constituent of Glass," National Feldspar Association, New York, 1937, 78 pp. Shaw, Kenneth, "Ceramic Colours and Pottery Decorations," Maclaren & Sons, L t d . , 1962, 196 pp. Shell, Haskiel R., "Chemical Analysis of Clay," Department of the Interior, U . S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations No. RI 4420, Washington, D . C , August 1949, 36 pp. Shepard, Anna O., "Ceramics for the Archaeologist," Carnegie Institute of Washington, D . C , Publication No. 609, 1956, 414 pp. •Silverman, Alexander, Insley, Herbert, Morey, George W., Rossini, Frederick D . , "Data on Chemicals for Ceramic Use," National Research Council, Bulletin No. 118, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1949, 193 pp. Singer, Felix, German, W . L . , "Ceramic Glazes," Borax Consolidated, L t d . , London, 1960, 112 pp. •Singer, Felix, Singer, Sonja S., "Industrial Ceramics," Chapman & Hall, Ltd., 1963, 1455 pp. •Singer, Felix, Singer, Sonja S., "Industrielle Keramik," Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1966, 3 vols. •Smit, J . , Wijn, H . P. J . , "Ferrites," Wiley and Sons, New York, 1959, 369 pp. Smoke, Edward J . , Koenig, John H . , "Thermal Properties of Ceramics," New Jersey Bureau of Engineering Research, Ceramic Research Station, Bulletin No. 40, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, N . J . , 1958, 53 pp. Solbach, Werner, et al., "Aufbau, Wirknungsweise und Betriebseigenscha'ften von Staubabscheidern in der Silikat- und Huttenindustrie," Sprechsaal-Verlag, Coburg, Germany, 1963, 84 pp. Sonneborn, Ralph H . , et al., "Fiberglas Reinforced Plastics," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1954, 244 pp. •Sosman, Robert B., "Phases of Silica," Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, N . J., 1965, 388 pp. Sosman, Robert B., "Properties of Silica: An Introduction to the Properties of Substances in the Solid Non-Conducting State," Chemical Catalog Co., New York, American Chemical Society, Monograph Series No. 37, 1927, 856 pp. Spain, Richard W., "Better Glass Making," Industrial Publications, Chicago, 1958, 192 pp.


5.

MURRAY

Ceramics,

Enamels,

and

Glass

* Stan worth, J . E., "Physical Properties of Glass," Clarendon Press, Oxford, England, 1950, 224 pp. Steiner-Stauch, H . , "Glastechnik Glasinstrumententechnik, Fachbuch uber den Rohstoff Glas und Seine Technische Verarbeitung zu Instrumenten," Vulkan-Verlag, Dr. W . Classen, Essen, Germany, 1956, 200 pp. *Stevels, J . M . , "Electrical Properties of Glass,' in "Handbuch der Physik," vol. 20, pp. 350-391, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1957. *Stevels, J . M . , "Progress in the Theory of the Physical Properties of Glass," Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, 1948, 104 pp. "Studies on Electroceramics and their Applications," Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan, 1957, 52 pp. Stott, Verney, "Volumetric Glassware," Witherby, Ltd., London, 1928, 232 pp. Svec, J . J . , Vincent, George L . , Brent, Kenneth A., eds., "Electronic and Newer Ceramics," Industrial Publications, Chicago, 1959, 206 pp. Svet, D . Ya., "Thermal Radiation; Metals, Ceramics, Partly Transparent Bodies and Films," Consultants Bureau Enterprises, Inc., New York, 1965, 93 pp. Tarasov, V . V., "New Problems in the Physics of Glass," Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, 1963. Taylor, D . W., Hart, A . B., "Ceramic Painting Step by Step," D . Van Nostrand Co., Princeton, 1966, 144 pp. *Taylor, H . E., H i l l , D. K., "Identification of Stones in Glass by Physical Methods," Monograph of Glass Technology, University Press, Sheffield, England, 1952, 70 pp. "Technologie der Grobkeramik," 2 vols., Verlag fiir Bauwesen, Berlin, 1964. Temkin, B. S., "Proizvodstvo Polirovannogo Stekla," Promstroiizdat, Moscow, 1950, 323 pp. Thiene, H . , "Glas," G. Fischer, Jena, Germany, 1931-1939, 2 vols. *Tinklepaugh, James R., Crandall, William B., eds., "Cermets," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1960, 239 pp. *Tooley, Fay VaNisle, ed., "Handbook of Glass Manufacture: A Book of Reference for the Plant Executive, Technologist, and Engineer," Ogden Publishing Co., New York, 1953-60, 2 vols. Toropov, N . A., Barzakovskii, V. P., "High Temperature Chemistry of Silicates and Other Oxide Systems," Consultants Bureau Enterprises, Inc., New York, 1966, 215 pp. Trimble, Alberta C , "Modern Porcelain: Today's Treasures, Tomorrow's Traditions," Harper & Row, Publishers, Inc., New York, 1962, 224 pp.^ *Trinks, Willibald, Mawhinney, M . H . , "Industrial Furnaces," Wiley and Sons, New York, 1955-61, 2 vols., Vol. I, 5th ed., 486 pp; Vol. II, 3rd ed., 358 pp. Tyler, P. M . , "Clay," Department of the Interior, U . S. Bureau of Mines, Information Circular No. IC 6155, Washington, D. C , 1929, 63 pp. Vail, James G., "Soluble Silicates: their Properties and Uses," American Chemical Society, Monograph Series No. 116, Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1952, 2 vols. Val Baker, Denys, "Pottery Today," Oxford University Press, New York, 1961, 144 pp. Val Baker, Jess and Denys, "The Pottery Book: An Introduction to an Individual Art and Craft," 2nd ed., Cassell & Co., Ltd., 1962, 149 pp. *Van Olphen, H . , " A n Introduction to Clay Colloid Chemistry," Wiley and Sons, New York, 1963, 301 pp. *Van Vlack, Lawrence H . , "Elements of Materials Science," 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., Reading, Mass., 1964, 445 pp. *Van Vlack, Lawrence H . , "Physical Ceramics for Engineers," Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., Cambridge, England and Reading, Mass., 1964, 342 pp. *Vielhaber, L . , "Emailtechnik," 3rd ed., VDI-Verlag G m b H , Dusseldorf, Germany, 1958, 168 pp. "Vitreous Enamels," Borax Consolidated, Ltd., London, 1960, 66 pp. "Vitreous State," The Glass Delegacy, Sheffield University, Cheffield, England, 1955, 154 pp. Vogel, Werner, "Struktur und Kristallisation der Glaser," V E B Deutscher Verlag fiir Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1965, 248 pp. Voinovitch, I. A., Debras-Guedon, J., Louvrier, J., "L'Analyse des Silicates," Hermann, Paris, 1962, 512 pp. *Volf, M . B., "Technical Glasses," I. Pitman & Sons, L t d . , London, 1961, 465 pp. *Wahlstrom, Ernest Eugene, "Petrographic Mineralogy," Wiley and Sons, New York, 1955, 408 pp. u


91



92

LITERATURE


*Waugh, Sidney B., "Art of Glass Making," Dodd, Mead, & Co., New York, 1947, 95 pp. West, D. R. F., "Ternary Equilibrium Diagrams," Macmillan & Co., L t d . , London, 1965, 81 pp. *Weyl, Wolclemar Anatol, "Coloured Glasses," Robert Bentley, Sheffield, England, 1951, 541 pp. *Weyl, W. A., Morboe, Evelyn C , "Constitution of Glasses—A Dynamic Interpretation," in 2 vols., Vol. I, 1963, 427 pp., Vol. II, 1964, 892 pp., Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York. Wheeler, E . L . , "Scientific Glassblowing," Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1958, 478 pp. White, Roger B., "Premix Molding," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1964, 201 pp. *WincheIl, Alexander N . , Emmons, Richard C , "Microscopical Characters of Artificial Inorganic Solid Substances," 3rd ed., Academic Press, New York, 1964, 439 pp. Winter, Edward, "Enameling for Beginners," Watson-Guptill Publications, Inc., New York, 1962, 118 pp. Withy, M . O., Washa, G. W., "Materials of Construction," Chapman & Hall, L t d . , London, 1955, 800 pp. Worrall, W. E., "Raw Materials," Maclaren & Sons, London, 1964, 101 pp. (Institute of Ceramics, Textbook Series 1). Young, James F., "Materials and Processes," 2nd ed., Chap. 13—"Ceramics," by C. H . Commons, Wiley and Sons, New York, 1954,^pp. 548-590. Young, Joseph L . , "Mosaics: Principles and Practice," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1963, 128 pp. Zincke, Alfred, Marcic, Benedikt, "Technologie der Glasverschmelzungen mit Einen Abriss iiber die Technologie der Vakuumdichten Keramik-Metall-Lbtungen in der Elektrotechnik," Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Geest & Portig K.-G., Leipzig, Germany, 1961, 198 pp. Zschommler, Willy, "Feinoptik—Glasbearbeitung," Carl Hanser Verlag, Miinchen, 1963, 198 pp. Zumpe, K. A., "Maschinen und Gerate zur Glasverarbeitung," V E B Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, Germany, 1953, 120 pp. Dictionaries,

Encyclopedias,

and

Handbooks

"Addressbuch der Keramindustrie," 24th ed., Miiller & Schmidt, Coburg, Germany, 1959, 732 pp. *Ahrens, L . H . , Press, F., Runkhorn, S. K., eds., "Physics and Chemistry of the Earth," Vol. 5, The Macmillan Co., New York, 1964, 398 pp. Altman, J . P., "Lehrbuch der Flachglasatzerai," (fiir den Gewerbetrieb), Zeitschriftenverlag Ployer, Wien, 1954, 71 pp. * American Ceramic Society, "Engineering Properties of Selected Ceramic Materials," prepared by James F. Lynch, Clifford G. Ruderev, and Winston H . Duckworth, Columbus, Ohio, 1967, 674 pp. American Ceramic Society, "Refractory Ceramics for Aerospace; a Materials Selection Handbook," Columbus, Ohio, 1964, various paging. "American Glass Review, 1966, Glass Factory Directory Issue," New York, January 1966, 226 pp. Brandt, J. et al, "Enamels, Emails, Emaux, Smalti: ein Worterbuch in Vier Sprachen," Farbenfabriken Bayer, Leverkusen, W . Germany, 1960, 181 pp. "British Glass Industry Directory and Buyer's Guide," 8th ed., Published for the Society of Glass Technology by Thomas Skinner & Co., London, 1965, 251 pp. "Census of Manufactures, 1958," U . S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, U . S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C , 1961, 4 vols. Ceramic Age, "Processing Manual/Raw Materials Index," Ohio Business Communications, Cleveland, 1965, 166 pp. "Ceramic Data Book, 1964-65," Chaners, Chicago, 1964, 446 pp. "China, Glass, and Tablewares; Red Book Directory Issue, 1964," China, Glass, and Tablewares, Pasadena, May 15, 1964, 124 pp.


5.

MURRAY

Ceramics,

Enamels,

and

Glass

Clauser, H . R., Fabian, R., Peckner, D., Riley, M . W., eds., "Encyclopedia of Engineering Materials and Processes," Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1963, 787 pp. "Commodity Year Book, 1964," "Glass," Commodity Research Bureau, Inc., New York, 1964, p. 160. Cooper, James D., "Clays," U . S. Department of the Interior, U . S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook Preprint, 1963, Washington, D . C , 1964, 26 pp. "Dictionary of Glass-Making; Dictionnaire de Verrerie; Glas-Fachworterbuch," International Commission on Glass, Institut National du Verre, Charleroi, Belgium, 1965, 230 pp. Dodd, A. E., "Dictionary of Ceramics," Philosophical Library, New York, 1964, 334 pp. Elmer, Thomas H . , "German-English Dictionary of Glass, Ceramics, and Allied Sciences," Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1963, 304 pp. "Encyclopaedia Britannica," William Benton, Chicago, 1958, 24 vols. "Fachworterbuch fiir die Glasindustrie," 2 vols., Deutsch-Englisch, Englisch-Deutsch, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1963, 160 pp. "Encyclopedia Americana," Americana Corp., New York, 1960, 30 vols. Geiger, Benno, "Keramisches A B C , " 2nd ed., Herbert Lang, Berne, Switzerland, 1957, 86 pp. Glass Container Manufacturers Institute, Inc. "Glass Containers, 1965," New York, 1965,64 pp. "Glass Factory Directory, 1966," Compiled by the National Glass Budget, Pittsburgh, 1966, 194 pp. "Glass Industry International Directory, 1966," Glass Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1966, 138 pp. "Glass-Metal Directory," 6th ed., Artlee Catalog, New York, 1964, 152 pp. "Glass Manual," Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., Pittsburgh, 1946. Godden, Geoffrey A., "Encyclopaedia of British Pottery and Porcelain Marks," Herbert Jenkins, London, 1964, 765 pp. Gonser, Bruce W., Hausher, Henry H . , eds., "Modern Materials; Advances in Development and Applications," Vol. 4, Academic Press, New York, 1964, 420 pp. Haggar, Reginald G., "The Concise Encyclopedia of Continental Pottery and Porcelain," Hawthorn Books, Inc., New York, 1960, 533 pp. Hoffman, E., "Fachworterbuch fiir die Glasindustrie; Deutsch-Englisch, EnglischDeutsch," Springer, Berlin, 1963, 160 pp. "Internationale Ordbog," Nordisk Glasteknisk Forsknings, Glasinstitutet, Vaxjo, 1955. "Jahrbuch fiir Keramik, Glas, Email," Sprechsaal, Miiller, & Schmidt, Coburg, 1957, 795 pp. Kalsing, H . , ed., "Sprechsaal Silikat Jahrbuch," 44th ed., 1963-64, Sprechsaal-Verlag, Coburg, 1964, 024 pp. Kirk, R. E . , Othmer, D. F., eds., Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology," 15 vols., Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1947-56 (2nd ed. in progress). Klingsberg, Cyrus, "Directory of European Scientists: Ceramic and Related Fields," U.S. Office of Naval Research, London, 1964, 45 pp. (Directory 8). Kolthoff, Benedict, "Glass Terminology; a German-English Glossary, 2 rev. ed., Bussum, Holland, Hamers, 1966, 110 pp. Mankowitz, W., Haggar, R. G., "Concise Encyclopedia of English Pottery and Porcelain," Hawthorn Books, Inc., New York, 1957, 312 pp. "Mineral Facts and Problems," U . S. Bureau of Mines, Bulletin No. 585, U . S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C , 1960, 1016 pp. "Minerals Yearbook, 1962," Vol. I—"Metals and Minerals (Except Fuels)," U . S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C , 1963, 1410 pp. (preprints are available separately). Neumann, Heinz, "Tabellenbuch fiir die Keramik-, Glas-, und Emailindustrie," Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, 1955, 480 pp. *"Ordnance Materials Handbook: Glass," U . S. Department of the Army, Office of Chief of Ordnance, U . S. Ordnance Corps, Pamphlet O R D P 20-308, Washington, D. C , 1958, 106 pp. *"Phase Diagrams for Ceramists," compiled by Ernest M . Levin, Carl R. Robbins, and Howard F. McMurdie at the National Bureau of Standards, ed. by Margie K. Reser, American Ceramic Society, Columbus, 1964, 601 pp.

Literature of the Science and Technology of Ceramics, Including

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