Article pubs.acs.org/journal/abseba
Macrophage Polarization by Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Particles: Size Matters Angelina D. Schoenenberger,†,‡,§,# Angela Schipanski,†,‡ Vera Malheiro,‡ Melanie Kucki,⊥ Jess G. Snedeker,§,# Peter Wick,⊥ and Katharina Maniura-Weber*,‡ ‡
Biointerfaces, and ⊥Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland § Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland # Institute for Biomechanics, ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland S Supporting Information *
ABSTRACT: Wear particles of total joint replacements may lead to an inflammatory response driven by cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Today, there is a general agreement that the continuous release of wear particles by the implant has a critical impact on periprosthetic osteolysis, which can eventually lead to aseptic loosening of the implant. The focus of this study lay on the determination of the polarization of macrophages (M0) toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype or the anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype upon exposure to differently sized TiO2 particles. The analysis was done with an in vitro model using THP-1 monocytes. It offers a direct characterization of the polarization profile of the macrophages exposed to nano- (
