Malonic Acid

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Liquid Acetylene: A Reaction System for Safe Operation under Pressure. System uses acetylene as both reactant and solvent and operates from -GOo C. up to and above critical

Relationship between Chemical Structures and Weatherability Shown by Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy. Quantitative infrared data on specific structures

temperature (37' C.) of acetylene, and at pressures to 4000 p.s.i.g. Two reactors are described, both operated repeatedly without explosion or exothermic decomposition. Use for other hazardous type research a possibility.

in coating grade asphalts show that it is possible to classify unknown asphalts by composition and to predict weatherability in roofing applications. Results are reported for 82 asphalts of widely spread origins.

R . J . Tedeschi, G. L. Moore, G. S.Clark, Jr., and J . Improla, Air Reduction Company, Jnc.

Clara D . Smith, Clara D. Smith Laboratory, Roy S. Hodgson and Clyde Schuefz, U . S.Gypsum Company

MS. 65-240

MS.65-326 43pag's (12figures, 5 tables)

34 pages ( 8 j g u r e s )

Subscribers 84.00 iVonsubscribrrs 88.00

Secondary Nucleation In Agitated, Magnesium Sulfate Solutions. Stirred aqueous solutions of magnesium sulfate were

supersaturated and seeded. The new nuclei were counted photographically as they appeared, and the rate of appearance was noted for different cooling rates and different levels of supersaturation.

J . Estrin and N . W. Cayey, Clarkson College of Technology Ms. 65-286 23pages (6jigures)

Subscribers 83.00 Nonsubscribers 86.00

Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol to Butadiene by Two-step Process in Fluidized Bed. AlzOa was best catalyst among large

of Coating Asphalts as

Highly Fluorinated Aromatic

Subscribers 85.00 Nonsubscribers 8 10.00

and

Alicyclic

Compounds.

Reviews methods for preparation of basic building blocks, summarizes some of substitution chemistry of fluoroaromatic and heterocyclic ring systems, and indicates some of end-uses for these compounds currently being studied.

A . K. Barbour and P. Thomas, Imperial Smelting Corporation, Ltd., Avonmoufh, England MS.65-330


3 1 pages ( 14jgures)

S. K . Bhattacharyya and B. N . Avasthi, Indian Institute of Tech-

The use of hydrocarbons as endothermic fuels for hypersonic aircraft will impose severe thermal stability requirements on both the fuels and their reaction products. Studies are reported for pure hydrocarbons including n-dodecane, decalin, and a number of alkylated cyclohexane and benzene derivatives.

nology, Kharagpur, India

A . C. Nixon and H . T. Henderson, Shell Development Company

number of single oxide catalyst systems, whereas A l z O r Z n O (60:40) was most active among the binary, with maximum conversion of 43.8% at 375' C.

Ms. 65-290 33 pages ( 7 1 figures, 5 tables)


An Experimental Study of the Effects of Temperature and Ultrahigh Pressure on the Coalification of Bituminous Coal.

Low rank bituminous coal, after being experimentally heated to 400' C. at ultrahigh pressures, was shown by various analyses to be similar to higher rank coals. Heating a t atmospheric pressure produced more cokelike products, as did heating to 850' C. at all pressures.

S. Pan, T . N . Andersen, and Henrv Eyring, Rate Processes Institute, University of Utah Ms. 65-317 24 papes (4figures)


Thermal Stability of Endothermic Heat-Sink Fuels.


Ms. 65-331 27 pages (SJgures, 2 tables)

Dehydrogenation of Methylcyclohexane over Platinum on Alumina Catalyst in the Absence of Added Hydrogen. Meth-

ylcyclohexane as an endothermic fuel for hypersonic aircraft can absorb up to 1000 B.t.u./lb. by dehydrogenation. T h e reaction has been investigated at temperatures to 1200' F., pressures to 30 atm., and space velocities to 150.

A . W. Ritchie and A. C. Nixon, Shell Development Company

MS. 65-332 27pages (5Jgures, 9 tables)


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8 years ago we pioneered the commercial production of malononitrile

For your own information program

l r y this formula

Now our expanded product list offers you reactive malono compounds like these:

Malonic Acid CH,(COOH),

Malononitrile CH2 (CN) 2

Diethyl Malonate CH 2 (COOC2 H 5 ) 2

Diethyl Ethoxymethylenemalonate C,H,OCH=C

(COOC,H,),

Ethsxymethylenemalononitrile C2H,0CH=C(CN)2

Malonaldehyde Diacetals (RO) 2CH C H C H (0R)

Malono compounds a r e extremely useful chemical intermediates. The active methylene group and t h e functional groups undergo a variety of reactions making these chemicals valuable synthetic intermediates. The malonaldehyde diacetals show particular promise a s crosslinking agents for several polymers. We’ve recently published product bulletins on malononitrile, diethyl malonate and malonaldehyde diacetals. These bulletins contain physical properties and typical chemical reactions as well as t h e latest application and patent information. For your copies or for samples of any of our malono compounds simply write us, on company letterhead please. Kay-Fries Chemicals, Inc. 360 Lexington Ave., N e w York, N.Y. 10017

A KAY

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A

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FRIES~

0 C H E M I C A L S , INC. V V

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The Journal of Physical Chemistry The Journal of Organic Chemistry Biochemistry Inorganic Chemistry Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Chemical Reviews Analytical Chemistry Journal of Chemical Documentation Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data I&EC Process Design and Development I&EC Fundamentals I&EC Product Research and Development Each of these more specialized ACS journals extends or supplements the generalinterest articles found i n JACS. Important new work in your field is reported in JACS and in one or more of these journals. You need JACS and another one (or two). Find your own formula , . . then apply it regularly to keep your knowledge up t o date.

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RESEARCH RESULTS Molecular Parameters for Normal Fluids: 1. The LennardJones (12-6) Potential. Force constants were evaluated for

The Influence of Segregation on Molecular Weight Distribution in Continuous Linear Polymerizotions. Effect of chemical

normal fluids from experimental viscosities and second virial coefficients. Their corresponding-states correlations were also obtained from the experimental data. The preferred correlations reproduce the viscosity data within a standard deviation of 2.1 3%, or the second virial coefficients within 34 cc./mole.

reactor dynamics during continuous, isothermal polymerization on MWD for three typical linear polymerization mechanisms studied, with particular attention to role of microscopic segregation. Results helpful in analyzing influence of incomplete mixing on MWD.

Liong Seng Tee, Sukehiro Gotoh, and Warren E. Stewart, University of Wisconsin

Zehev Tadmor and Jo.reph A . Biesenberger, Steuens InsLitute of Technology

Ms.65-333

MS.65-342 36 pages (Sjigures, 3 tables)

32 pages (fifigures, 4 fables)

Coke

Formation

on

Silica-Alumina


Cracking

Catalysts.

Experiments with seven pure hydrocarbons a t 445' C. and nhexadecane at 500' C. under various process conditions were analyzed. Coke formation in fixed beds is a complex function of length of craking cycle and feed rate. Mechanism involves adsorption of hydrocarbons followed by chemical reactions of adsorbed materials.

P.,E.Eberly, Jr., C. AT. Kzmberlin, Jr., W . H. Miller, and H. V. Drushel, Humble Oil B Refining Company Ms. 65-334 23pages (6figures, 4 tables)

Subscribers $3.00 A'onsubscribers 96.00

Subscribers $4.00 .Nonsubscribers S8.00

An Empirkal Method for Prediction of Concentration Dependence of Mutual Diffusivities in Binary Mixtures of Associated and Nonpolar liquids. Diffusivity-mole fraction relationship for two general types of binary liquid systems can be predicted

satisfactorily from knowledge of diffusivities in the infinitely dilute solutions and the activity coefficient data as function of composition.

Ronald E. Rathbun and Albert L. Babb, University of Washington

MS. 65-347


Spages (Zfgures, 2 tables)

Detection of Unreacted Aluminum Trihydrate in Silica-Alumina Catolyst. By using differential thermal and thermogravimetric Solvent Effects in the Oxidation of Sulfur Compounds. Anionic Oxidation of High Molecular Weight Thiols and Disulfides to Sulfonate Salts. Preferred solvent was HMPA. Yields and

selectivities of sulfonate salts varies from 95 to 99% at 80'. KOH and NaOH equally effective as base catalysts. Reaction scope of other solvents and bases explored, and factors controlling selectivity to final product determined.


Velocity Profiles and Transfer Operations at the Wall of an Agitated Vessel. Velocity data are used with results of a prior

heat and mass transfer study to show that transfer of heat or mass from the wall of an agitated vessel closely resembles the transfer in flat plate turbulent boundary layer flow.

Warren S.Askew and Robert B. Beckmann, University of Maryland

MS.65-336 22pages ( 9fgures, 1 table)

Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers 86.00

Radial Mixing during Two-Phase Countercurrent Flow through a Packed Column. Radial Peclet numbers have been measured

for the water phase of a countercurrent air-water packed column. Radial dispersion increased with an increase of either the gas or the liquid flow rate. A single correlation for all results is presented.

K. L. Anderson, 0. M . Stokke, and R. E. Gilbert, University of Nebraska

M S . 65-340

Suoscribns Nonsubscribers

10 pages (2fgures)

82.00

Measurements of pressure drop as a function of flow rate were made. Close agreement between measurements and computations indicated consistency with the postulate that the test solution acted as a simple fluid.

Albert C. Dierckes, Jr., and

W.R. Schowalter, Princston University

38 pages (70&~res, 2 tables)

MS.65-348

Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00

The Viscosity of Suspensions of Gas-Fluidized

Spheres.

The apparent kinematic viscosities of air fluidized beds of narrow size range spheres whose diameters lay between 125 and 305 microns are correlated in one correlation. Evidence that fluidized beds of such spheres can assume crystal-like geometries is presented. T. Hagyard and Albert M . Sacerdote, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand


MS. 65-350 30 pages ( I O figurer, 7 table)

The Prediction of Binary Hydrocarbon Gas Adsorption on Activated Carbon to Elevated Pressures. Earlier Polanyi-based

correlation methods for pure gas adsorption on activated carbon are extended to mixtures and successfully applied to literature data on some binary hydrocarbon mixtures and to new data on methane-propane, methane-butane, and methanehexane a t 25' C. and up to 1000 p.s.i.g.

R. J . Grant and Milton Manes, Mellon Institute

Ms. 65-357 44 poggts (4fgures, 14 lables)

Subsmibns $5.00 Nonsubscribers 810.00

81.00

Helical Flow of a Non-Newtonian Polyisobutylene Solution.

MS. 65-347

Geofrey R. Say and Howard F. Rase, The University of Texas 11 pages (4jgures)

Thomas J . M'allace and Alan Schriesheim, ESSOResearch and Engineering Co. M s . 65-335 24pages (3figures, 7 tables)

analyses, it is possible to detect the presence and amount of unreacted aluminum in silica-alumina cracking catalyst. The simple test described could prove a useful means for monitoring the catalyst manufacturing process.

Subscribers $4,00 Nonsubsmibers $8.00

Transience of a Tubular Reaclor with Recycle Stream: Analytical Solutions. Laplace transform techniques used to develop

solution for first-order partial differential equation. Effects of changes in recycling and flow rates, and in initial concentration in reactor are examined. Method of uncoupling used to solve transient problems of complex systems in an isothermal tubular reactor with recycle stream.

Shean-lin Liu and Edward Norman, Socony Mobil Oil Comjany,

Inc.

MS.65-352 25pages (6 figures)

Subsmibers Nonsubscribers

83.00

86.00

(Continued on page 149) VOL. 5 7

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RESEARCH RESULTS The classical analysis of reaction rates in pores is extended to include simultaneous concentration changes in a fuel cell channel.

Pore Diffusion with Flow through a Fuel Cell Channel.

Dimitri Gidaspow, Institute of Gas Technology M s . 65-353

5 Pages


Simulation of a Steroid Bioconversion with a Mathematical Model. Examines conversion of progesterone to 11-alpha-

hydroxyprogesterone by Rhizopus nigricans. Mathematical model successfully simulates process. Complexities of nonlinear differential equations made necessary the use of both analog and digital computers. Their advantages and disadvantages are described.

W. D . Maxon, J . .'M Chen, and F. R. Hanson, The Upjohn Company M S . 65-354 23 pages (7Ojgures)


Molecular Parameters for Normal Fluids: II. Kihara SphericalCore Potential. Kihara constants of 14 normal fluids determined

from experimental viscosities and/or second virial coefficients. Corresponding-states correlations developed for prediction of Kihara parameters. Compared with Lennard-Jones (12-6) potential, the Kihara predicts second virial coefficients with considerably better accuracy; prediction of viscosities only comparable.

Liong Seng Tee, Sukehiro Gotoh, and Warren E. Stewart, University of Wisconsin

Ms. 65-355 77pages (dfgures, 4 tables)


Settings are presented for proportional and proportional-integral control of unstable processes such as exothermic chemical reactors in sampled-data systems. Effects of time delay and additional process dynamics are discussed. Sampled-Data Control of Unstable Processes.

Lowell B. Koppel, Purdue Univnsity

MS. 65-356 26 pages (7kures)


Variation of Local Void Fraction in Randomly Packed Beds of Equal Spheres. A method of determination of the point void-

fraction distribution in a packed bed, by the techniques of penetrating radiation, is described. Data obtained are favorably compared with those of other workers.

Mohan C. Thadani and Fred N . Peebles, University of Tennessee M S . 65-358 79 pages (6fgures, 2 tables)


Diffusion studied in single cylindrical pellets at 108 to 125' C. for the phthalic anhydridephthalylsulfathiazole system. Equations have been developed showing effects of diffusivity and reaction rate constant on concentration profiles for combined diffusion and reaction. Sharp increase in diffusivity with porosity indicates importance of pore surface diffusion.

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Diffusion and Reaction in Solids.

R. J . Arrowsmith and J . M . Smith, University of California

Ms. 65-350 43pages (Idjigures, 3 tables)

Subscribers M.00 Nonsubscribers $10.00

Colloidal Oxycellulose by Nitrogen Dioxide Treatment of Level-Off D.P. Cellulose. Gels formed were stable to electrolytes

and p H changes. Sodium borohydride produced an unexpected increase in gel strength. Sodium oxycellulose gels were thixotropic and showed synergistic viscosity behavior with hydroxy. ethylcellulose and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

A. M . Belfort and R. B. Wortz, FMC Corporation Ms. 65-360 22 Pages ('ijigures)

Subscribers $3.00 Aronsubscribers $6.00

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VOL. 5 7

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Malonic Acid

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