411
SEPTEMBER, 1952
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hustion. .," page 107. I consider "combust" a vulgar invention of a verb when we have such a good short one, namely, burn. a,.. . Dams The author uses "comhust" numerous times,. e. . - 74.. 106.. 109, 165, etc. .4n author and a subject index make the hook easy to use. LEALLYN B. CLAPP
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THE ENZYMES. VOLUME 11, PART 2
Edited by James B. Sumner, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Cornell University, and K a d Myrback, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemishy, University of Stockholm. Academic 650 (791-1440) pp. IllusPress, Inc., New York, 1952. xi trated. 15.5 X 24 em. $14.
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T H I ~comdetes the series of four volumes coverine manv
considerations of mechanisms of metabolic systems involving enzymes may he the mast interesting part of the work. S. R. Elsden discusses bacterial fermentation. F. Bernhein considers enzymes involved in detoxications. H. A. Krebs diacusses urea synthesis; P. P. Cohen writes on peptide bond synthesis and on the enzymatic synthesis of glutamine. K.-B. Augustinsson supplies a chapter on synthesis of acetylcholine, eholineaeetylase. The enzymatic mechanisms of oxidative assimilation by mioroorganisms are considered by C. E. Clifton, while S. Ochoa reviews those of carbon dioxide fixation, in a large chapter. F. L. Breusch discusses carbohydrate-fat conversion. W. E. Loomis reviews the present status of theories of photo~ynthesisin green plants, while C. B. Van Niel discusses photosynthesis by pigmented bacteria. The Finnish scientists, A. I. Virtanen and N. Rautanen, provide an interesting chapter on nitrogen assimilation by free living microorganisms such as Azotobacter m d Clostridivm and in plants by symbiotic microorganisms, also the assimilation of ammonia and of nitrates by plants. The canoer researcher should find interesting a summary of work that has so far progmsed in tumor enzymatology. This chapter is supplied by J. P. Greenstein and A. Meister of the National Institutes of Health. There appears to be much more to he learned in this field. Finally there is a long chapter on enzyme technology by the Squihh Institute for Medical Research scientists, A. F. Lt~nglykke,C. V. Smythe, and D. Perlman, ranging from the enzyme technology used invarious fermentation of industrial importauce,in the producti6ion of antibiotics, and in the msnufacture and application of all sorts of industrial enzymes such as those important in leather manufacture, brewing, pharmaceutical chemistry, dairy industry, and the iruit-growers industry. CLIFFORD S . LEONARD
Gur~rono Conwscmcnr
0
ALEXANDER S I L V E R M l N Tam U N I V E R ~OF ~ TP~TTBBDROB Y PITT.BOR.A. PENNBI~V*NI*
Malcolm Dixon, Reader in Enzyme Biochemistry in the University of Cambridge, Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. Foreword by the late Sir F. G. Hopkins. Third edition. Cambridge 165 pp. 20 figs. 5 University Press, New York, 1951. mi tables. 13 X 19 em. $2.
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THE first two editions of this book, during the last 20 years, have served to introduce many workers to manometric methods. The fact that now a third edition has become necessarv. shoas ~that it~ continues h to ~he a favorite ~ ~amongt both tbeginners ~ and esvieneed. The newest edition is sure to be weloomed by all workers using these methods. The book, just as in the previous editions, is divided into three parts. In Part 1, the constant pressure, constant volume, and differential types of manometers are described and their theories developed. Some newer improvements have been incorporated. A new Brodie solution and 8. toluene thermoregulat.or are reeommended, and the newer types of water baths are mentioned. The second part describes in six chapters the methods of measuring respiration. Discussed in detail are the direct and indirect methods of Warburg, the first and second method of Dickens and Simer, and the method of Dixon and Keilin, while the micromethods (e. g., Cartesian diver method, and othera) are treated but briefly. A comparison of this part with the corresponding
".
ELEMENTS OF CERAMICS
F. H, morton, hafessar of ceramics, ~
~ ~h&tvte ~ of Technology. Addison-Wesley press, I ~ c . , Cambridge, M ~ S S . , 246 pp. Illustrated. 19 X 25 om. $6.50. 1952. xiv
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THIS is a hook from the pen of an authority.
clay minerals, a. diagrammatic summary, m d a list of references. Chapter 2 dwells on the Origin and Occurrence of Clays (kaolins, ball clays, fire clays, ferrogeneous and special clays) and oonsiders prices and production. It includes a full-page geologic time scale and numerous maps which show locations of deposits. Chapter 3 is on Properties of Clays. Chapter 4 covers Silica and Feldspaz and substitutes for the latter. I n Chapter 5 the reader is introduced to Magnesite, Lime, Dolomite, Chromite; tables indicate composition ranges. Chapter 6 on "Other nonclay Minerals briefly considers fluxes like lithium and barium minerals, fluorine and phosphate minerals; the magnesium silicates, talc, and asbestos; aluminous minerals; glaze and glass minerals containing lead, zinc, boron, tin compounds; refractory minerals of zirconium, beryllium, titanium, thorium, cerium, etc.; carbonaceous minerals, graphite, coal and coke, diamond. In Chapter 7, Mining and Treatment of Rsw Materials, methods are discussed and well illustrated, including excellent flow sheets. Chapter 8, Flow Properties of Ceramic Pastes and Slips, evidences the author's mastery of applicable physical lam. In Chapter9 the Plastic Masses rtppertr and in Chapter 10 are used as Casting Slips with process indications. Then follow Chapters 11 on Forming Methods and 12 on Drying of Ceramic Ware. Chapter 13 on Thermochemiesl Reactions introduces the phase rule, equilibrium diagrams, reaction rates. The reader learns of Types of Ceramic Bodies in Chapter 15, Kilna and Settings in 16. Chapters 17 and 18 cover the Glassy State and Glasses in brief but good fashion, with generous illustrations. Glazes follow in 19 and Enamels on Metal in 20. Chapters 2 1 and 22 discuss Color Formation in Glasses and Glazes and Ceramic Stains and Colors; then follows Chapter 23 on Decorative Processes. Finally there is Chapter 24 on Cements and Plastics. A useful appendix includes illustrated data. on kilns, a section on bodies and glazes with useful charts, brief supplements on colors and stains, tables of equivalent weights, atomic radii, temperature equivalents of Orton canes, rt C.-F. temperature-conversion table, calibration data for vmious thermocouples. The volume closes with a table of symbols and units. The large clear type is an example of how books should be printed. Italics clearly indicate topics of discussion. Illustrations and tables are abundant and well selected. Xany of the drawings were prepared by the author. A glossary of terms might have been helpful t o the student. A good book from the pen of an exacting teacher.
I t is intended
as an introduction to ceramics for juniors and seniors in under-
graduate courses. I t should proveuseful to workers and others in the ceramic industry. After a well charted historical introduction which touches upon the scope and magnitude of the industry in the United States and refers briefly to ceramic literature, Chapter 1 on the Clay Minerals opens with the elements a i crystal chemistry, followed by silicate structures, formulas and structures of kaolin minerals, montmorillonite minerals, micaceous minerals, and hydrated aluminous minerals, and closes with methods of identification of
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION years after publication of the main volume. Volume 14, the first volume of the work to be published, was completed during the war in 1940, although i t did not become available until 1946. I t covered the literature on higher cyclic condensed ring compounds exhaustively through 1936, with the incorporation of many additional references up to press date. The present Supplement to Volume 14 includes a complete literature survey for the years 1937 through 1946, and, as with the seven volumes previously published, literature concerning the structure of compounds is cited inclusive of the year of publication. There are many literature references for 1950 and 1951 in the present volume. The choioe of carboisocyelic condensed compounds with iour THEODOR VON BRAND rings or more as the subject of the first main volume to be pr3NATIOWAL INBTITDT OB~ HSALTR sented has proved to be even more suitable than might have been BETIEBDA,MARYLAXD foreseen, in that a supplement to this volume was urgently needed a t this time. At the date of appearance of Volume 14, 0 CORROSION-CAUSES AND PREVENTION Beilstein covered cyclic compounds (except for hydrocttrbons) Fmnk N. Speller, Corrosion Consultant. Third edition. Mc- only up to 1920. Elsevier only temporarily filled the lrtcuna Graw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1951. dii 686 pp. 181 in the literature tabulation of these compounds. In the yearn 1937 to 1946 research in the field wsg so extensive that even the figs. 70 tables. 16 X 24 em. $10. number of known higher cyclic condensed ring systems increzsed SINCE1926, when the first edition appeared, Speller has been by sixty per cent (from 233 to 378 systems). Moreover, so the reference hook to which chemists and engineers have turned much more information became available for the older known to find a readily understandable explanation of corrosion phe- systems that, for example, whereas only 14 pages had t o he nomena and also to find a practical solution to a. corrosion prob- devoted to 1,2-henzanthracene in the main volume, 130 pages lem. The second edition in 1935 is now followed by a third were necessary to cover it in the present supplement. The editian.in n.hioh considerable revision has been made to keep field has assumed such proportions that the supplement to pace with the numerous publications in this field. As with the Volume 14 has been divided into four parts. The present volume earlier editions, each chapter has been reviewed by one or more encompasses neither steroids nor triterpenes. These will be experts in that particular field of corrosion. the subject of later volumes to the supplement, two of which The book is divided into two parts; the first covers general are scheduled for publication in 1953. principles (296 pages) and the second deals with preventive measIn compiling the supplement to Volume 14 the editor and his ures (336 pages). An appendix gives some useful data, test staff have maintained their estzblished highstandards oilucidity, procedures, and glossary of terms used in corrosion. The index critical and intelligent evaluation, careful accuracy, and thoroughis detailed. The fimt section covers the theories of corrosion; ness. The literature survey embraces 625 periodicals aa comthe influence of various internal factors on the corrosion rate, such pared with 220 periodicals consulted in the preparation of the as methods of manufacture and treatment, and composition of main volume. Although the patent literature was purposefully the metal; and the influence of those factors external to the excluded from the main volume, it has been covered in the presmetal. A chapter on principles and methods of corrosion test- ent supplement. I n many instances recent unpublished data ing concludes the section. have been made available thro,ugh private communications with The more extensive section is that on preventive measures, in the investigators. Erroneous and contradictory information which is discussed the prevention of corrosion in the atmos- in the literature has been corrected, both through the efforts of phere, underwater, in closed-water systems, in steam generators, the Elsevier Ishamtory staff and with the aid of the authors of in steam and hot-water heating systems, in chemical industries, the original papers. The very useful summaries of ring systems underground, by stray electric currents, and finally the use of which precede each structural class of compounds (tetracyclic, cathodic orotection. It is in this section where ~reventivemeas- pentaeyclie, etc.), include all ring systems known up to 1946 trn,i rin il~-.ru;cwlthxr Spellrr i s a t his lwrr. HIS long- ~ q w r : r r n . ~with page references to hoth the main volume and the supplew >Iio~-ultantI I I 1111s fi4d h91 p w w I&n nw1y vxnmplt\ of urnment. I n addition, the summary of available methods for formausual corro~ianproblems and he has had ample time to observe tion of the nucleus, presented with most of the ring systems, also the efficacy of preventive measures. rzfers to hoth the main and supplementary volumes. This The hook prides itself on its freedom from mathematics and highly helpful cumulstive approach to the literature, missing in thermodynamics. The "prectical" engineer will find a. prac- Beilstein, is, finally, extended to both the subject and fonnula tical solution to many of his corrosion problems, written in s index in this Elsevier mpplement. manner he can understand. This hook will continue to be the Invaluable as Beilstein has been to organic chemistry in the important text and reference hook in tho field. past, the editor and publishers of Elsevier have now shown that KENNETH A. KOBE a work in the field of scientific documentation superior to BeilU ~ ~ v ~ n s OF r rTr n a ~ s stein csn be created. Without sacrificing any of Beilstein's A u s ~ m TEXAB , recognized thoroughness and rigidly unamhiguouii system of classification, Elsevier presents a greater abundance of informsi tion in a well systematized, more convenient, more stimulating and mare concise manner. The emphasis on physicaland physiological, as well as chemiczl dats, broadens its usefulness to soience in general. The cumulative approach to documentation, the chronologiaal arrangement of literaturereferencesafter each short section, the mechanical readability, all enhance the attractiveEdited by F. Rodt Elsevier Publishing Co., Houston and Amster- ness and usability of this wark. For these reasons, and because dam, 1951. x n d 938 pp. (text) 113 pp. (mder). 17.5 X 26 of its up-bdstenens, it would seem likely that Elsevier will be cm. Subscription price, $66. Serial price, $77. Single vol- ranked in first place as a. compendium of organic compounds when ume price, $88. the main wark is complete in 1963. WITX the appearance of this first supplementary volume to FRANCES BERLINER Elsevier's Encvelopsedia, the editor and publishem have honored B n r ~M*wn COLLEGE B R Y NMAW=. PENYSTLI'ANTA their initial promise to supply supplements to each volume ten one of the second edition shorn-Eonly few changes: newly mentioned are Parderdee's method (in a brief footnote only) and also only briefly Laser and Rothschild's new method, both being useful for the measurement of respiration in the presence of carbon dioxide. The third part consists of five appendixes, the first three of which are identical with those given in the second edition (table of physical constants, details of calibration, etc.). Newly introduced, and obviously of great value, is appendix 4, giving nomograms for manometer constants. Appendix 5, equally useful, describes the calibration of interchangeable flasks. The hook ends with a list of references, a suhject index, and a table of logarithms.
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