Mass Spectrometry Imaging Analysis of Location of Procymidone in

May 6, 2015 - The localization of procymidone fungicide residue in cucumbers was investigated by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Cucumbers ... To sol...
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Letter

Mass Spectrometry Imaging Analysis of Location of Procymidone in Cucumber Samples Shu Taira, Motomi Tokai, Daisaku Kaneko, Hajime Katano, and Yasuko Kawamura-Konishi J. Agric. Food Chem., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00957 • Publication Date (Web): 06 May 2015 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on May 13, 2015

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Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties.

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Mass Spectrometry Imaging Analysis of Location of Procymidone in Cucumber

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Samples

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Shu Taira†, Motomi Tokai‡, Daisaku Kaneko§, Hajime Katano† and Yasuko Kawamura-Konishi‡* † Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Eiheiji, Fukui 910-1195, Japan ‡ Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308, Suematsu, Nonoichi-shi,Ishikawa-ken, 921-8836, Japan § Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui, Tobata, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-0015, Japan

*Corresponding author: [email protected], +81-76-227-7454

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Abstract

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The localization of procymidone fungicide residue in cucumbers was investigated by

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mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Cucumbers were grown, harvested, and then divided

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into two groups that were either sprayed or not sprayed with procymidone. We

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quantitatively determined the content of procymidone in the cucumbers by

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chromatographic techniques. Subsequently, we imaged the spatial distribution of

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procymidone by MSI. Procymidone reached the central part of the cucumbers following

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spraying compared with the control.

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Keywords: procymidone, cucumber, mass spectrometry imaging, fungicide residue

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Introduction

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The use of pesticide under government restrictions is required to increase yields and

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quality of crops such as fruit, vegetables, wheat, and rice. The dicarboximide family of

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fungicides includes vinclozolin, iprodione, and procymidone. Procymidone is often

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used during the summer cultivation of cucumbers to prevent mold growth.

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Cucumbers are an important vegetable with in high demand in the world market. The

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intake of minerals, ascorbic acid, and fluid from cucumber consumption is high.

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Products are scientifically tested for safety to avoid improper application of

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procymidone and undesirable procymidone residue in commercial cucumber products.

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Because procymidone is toxic to microorganisms, the pesticide residue is not degraded

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as a xenobiotic and is retained in plant tissues. Procymidone is metabolized by humans

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and shows low toxicity in mammals.1,2) Most countries have established maximum

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procymidone residue limits for agricultural products.

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Quantitative chromatographic methods are often used to evaluate target molecules.

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Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid

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chromatography (HPLC) are used to separate, detect, and identify pesticide residues and

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nutritional compounds.3)

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Of particular concern is whether the pesticide diffuses into cucumbers after spraying.

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To solve this problem, visual information is more useful than chromatographic data and

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provides an anatomical distribution of the pesticide inside cucumber. To determine

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target molecules visually in a single measurement, direct analysis of the target molecule

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in a sample has been performed by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI).4) Previous

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studies have revealed the localization of capsaicin in Capsicum annuum fruits5) and

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tocopherol in rice6) and its disposition after intake.7)

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In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of the penetration of procymidone residue in

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cucumbers by chromatography and MSI. To analyze and image procymidone,

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nano-particle assisted laser desorption/ionization (Nano-PALDI) MSI was adopted

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because it is enables the ionization of small molecules such as pesticide residues with

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no background signal in the low mass region (