158
Review of American Chemzcal Research.
closes with a list of minerals found on coins with the names of observer, localities, and references to publication. W.F. HILLEBRAND.
Apatite Crystals, Antwerp, New York. BY NICHOLAS KNIGHT. A m . Geologist, 31, 62.-An analysis by Frank I,. Hann, of Cornel1 College, Iowa, is communicated without comment, showing : CaO, 48.20 ; P,O,, 41.00 ; S O , , 0.60 ; A1,0,, W.F. HILLEBRASD. 9.00 ; CaF,, 1 . 2 0 . Geology of the Jemez-Albuquerque Region, New ilexico. BY ALBERTB. REAGAN. Am. Geologist, 31, 67-1 I 1,plates.-The region is destined, according to the author. to develop great mineral wealth. T h e only cheniical matter in the paper consists of old analyses by Loew of mineral waters, of a soil, and of Rio Grande mud. 111. F. HILLEBRAND. Jade.
BY S. E. EASTER.N a t . Geogra#hicMag., 14,9-17,W ,F. HILLEBRASD.
A paper devoid of chemical data.
Notes on Southwestern Utah and Its Iron Ores. BY G. C. HEWETT. Pror. Colorado Sa'. Soc., 7, 56-66, map and plates.T h e region covered by the St. George topographic sheet of the U. S.Geol. Survey, and occurrences of coal and iron therein, are described. A representative analysis of samples of coal (noncoking) taken from several beds shows : Water, 7.24 ; volatile combustible matter, 42.01 ; fixed carbon, 44.67 ; a h , 6.08 ; sulphur, mostly organic, 5.77. Eight samples of magnetite gave an average of 62.56 per cent. iron and a ratio of phosphorus to iron of 0.123 : 100. T h e limonites analyzed averaged 56.66 iron with the ratio of phosphorus to iron of 0.194 : 100. 11'. F. HILLEHRAND. Aodern Methods of Rock and nineral Analysis. BY 1%'. F. HILLEBRAND. J . Frail k . Inst., !OS, 109-126, 18 r-~gq.-An address delivered before the chemical section of the Franklin I n W. F. HILLEBRASD. stitute in January, ryo2. AETALLURGICAL CHEMISTRY AND ASSAYING. Coking in Bee-Hive Ovens with Reference to Yield. BY C. CATLETT. Trans. Am. Inst. Miit. Eng., 32 (~goz).-The actual output of Connelsville ovens is about 60 per cent. of the weight of coal charged, whereas by careful management and intelligent burning, it can be raised 3 to 5 per cent. No coke should be burnt in an ove3, but all saved. Any which is burnt, besides being so much dead loss, makes the resulting coke poorer by its ash being deposited in the pores of the coke. In some cases, enough coke is burnt to raise the ash 4 per cent. above what it should be. The principal thing affecting the yield is the care
Mef aZZurgicaZ Chemistry and A ssaying.
I59
and skill in admitting, excluding, or controlling the air needed J. W . RICHARDS. by the oven.
Origin of the Mesaba and Gobelic Iron Ores. BY K. LEITH. Iron Age, December 4 , 1902 (paper read before I,. Superior Mining Inst.).-Principally a discussion of the geology of the ranges, and the associated rocks and minerals. T h e conclusion confirms Irving and Van Hise’s statements that the original rock of the formation was mainly hydrous ferrous silicate granules, which have been altered into iron carbonate by percolating waters, and thence into the oxide. J. W. RICHARDS. Blast-Furnace Gas Engines and Their Work. BY D. REINIron Age, December4, 11, 18, 25, 1902.-A translation of a long, well-illustrated article on the most successful types of gas engines. J. W . RICHARDS. HARDT.
Colorado Fuel and Iron Company’s Plants. Iron and Mach. World, December I 3, 1go2.-Illustrated description of the present condition of the large Minnequa Works, near Pueblo, a plant embodying the latest ideas in the manufacture of iron and steel. J. W. RICHARDS. The Electric Smelting of Iron Ore. BY A. J. ROSSI. Iron Age, December 25, 1902.-Continuation of a former article by same author,. I t is stated that 2 0 0 horse-power will produce a gross ton of pig iron per day in an electric furnace. I f f is the price of fuel at the blast-furnace in dollars per gross ton, f’ the cost at the electric furnace, p and p’ the corresponding costs of iron ore at the two furnaces, K and K’ the cost of limestone and labor per ton of iron produced, H the electric horse-power necessary to produce a ion of iron per day, and C the cost of that power in dollars per year, the author works out the cost of iron per ton to be, in dollars, by the blast-f urnace, 1.666P +f K, by the electric furnace, 1.666p’ 1,333 0 . 2 5 f’ - K 4-2.50, 365 and the costs of the two will be equal when 0.00822 H C = 5(p-p’) 3(f-f’) - 7.50. If the first term is greater than the second, the electric process costs more ; if less, the ordinary process. T h e author concludes that there are some localities in which the electric smelting is already the cheaper. J. W . RICHARDS. Briquetting Iron Flue Dust. BY R. M. HALE. Zron Age, December I I , 1go2.-The cardinal principles of briquetting are enumerated as ( I ) thorough amalgamation of the binding mate-
+
+
+
+ + +
+
I 60
Review of American Chemical Research.
rials with the flue dust, ( 2 ) thorough pugging with pressure, (3) additional pressure after the material has been forced into moulds, and ( 4 ) slow but thorough drying. The article then describes in detail all these operations. The bond recommended is lime, salt and soda-ash, boiled to a pasty consistency. Lime alone does not give sufficient hardness. Waste gases from hot-blast ovens are used for drying, the end temperature being 200’. J , W.RICHARDS.
Slag Constitution: Studied by the Tri-Axial Diagram with Rectangular Co-ordinates. BY H. E. ASHLEY. T r a m . Am. Inst. Miz. Ezg., 31, 8j5.-Author shows that a tri-axial diagram with co-ordinates at 60’ is not an absolute necessity for plotting three constituents of a compound, whose sum is a constant, say IOO per cent. If a line is drawn from I O O on the axis of abscissas to roo on the axis of ordinates, then, for any point within this right-angled triangle its abscissa niay represent one constituent, its ordinate another, and its vertical distance from the hypothenuse will represent the third, all constituents on the same scale. Further, just as vertical lines will represent constant abscissas, and horizontal lines constant ordinates, so lines parallel to the hypothenuse represent constant quantities of the third constituent represented. The author then plots in this new way the results of Professor Hofman on iron calcium silicates, and deduces from his discussion that all such silicates contain CaO. aFeO.SiO, mixed with two of the following substances: CaO.SiO,, CaO.nFe0, 2Fe0.Si02, CaO, FeO. or S O , . These results are obtained from the diagrani by the application to it of cross-section lines and study of these by the modern methods of studying fused mixtures. A similar study of lime alumina silicates is made, plotting Ackerman’s, Gredt’s and Seger’s results, from a discussion of which the conclusion is drawn that all such slags contain CaO.A1,0,. 2Si0, mixed with trvo of the following substances, CaO.SiO,, Al,O,.SiO?, CaO.Al,O,, CaO, A1,0,, S O , . Cerdierite and gehlenite do not occur i n such liquid slags, but may form on solidification. Sumerous other points explained are very interesting. J. W.RICHARDS. The iletallurgy of Titanium. BY A. J . Rossr. T r a m . Am. Imt. Mix. Eng., 32.--Several pages are used in proving that blast-furnace slags with 2 j to 3j per cent. of titanium oxide have been regularly made, and are quite as fusible and fluid as ordinary lime-alumina silicates. The titanic acid is treated in the calculations as so much silica, and dolomite is used as a flux, in order that magnesia be present. Titanic acid is not reduced by carbon at the temperature attained in the blast-furnace, and the pig iron obtained from ores with as much as 40 per cent. TiO, analyzed less than 0 . I per cent. of titanium. This amount, however, makes the iron stronger and tougher, and increases the
Mefallurg ical Chemistry and Assayiiig.
161
depth of chill materially, so that it is eminently a chilling iron. I n the open-hearth, the titanium is all removed from the pig iron used. T h e only way to introduce titanium into pig iron or steel is to make a ferro-titanium in the electric furnace, and introduce this into the melted metal. T h e furnace consists of a cavity in a built-up graphite block, into which dips a carbon electrode. Using ores containing 15 to 35 per cent. of titanium, mixed with carbon, as charge, an alloy with 1 2 to 35 per cent. titanium is produced. Using pure rutile, alloys up to 80 per cent. titanium have been produced. Using 2 0 0 H . P. current, 75 to 125 pounds of alloy is made per hour. Such alloys contain 7.5 to g per cent. carbon. Alloys free from carbon can be obtained by maintaining a bath of aluminum in an electric furnace, and melting thereupon, by the current, a bath of calcium titanate ; excess of aluminum is used up by adding some iron oxide, and thus a rich, carbonfree alloy is obtained. Three per cent. of the carbon titanium alloy, added to cast-iron, increases the tensile and transverse strength 2 0 to 30 per cent., and makes a fine chilling iron. Pure titanium introduced into steel, from 0 . I to I per cent., increases considerably the ductility. T h e author suggests that in steel it not only deoxidizes, but may also remove nitrogen. He is now studying also alloys of titanium with copper and other metals. J. W. RICHARDS.
Progress in the Aluminum Industry in 1902. BY J.W. RICHAI. World, December, 1902. A resum6 of progress in mining bauxite, purifying it, reduction to metal, and applications of the metal. T h e scientific study of the alloys of aluminum has received much attention in this year. The culinary utensil business has expanded considerably, aluminum printing has been very successful, and the Goldschmidt reduction and welding process has consumed much metal. J. W. RICHARDS. The Manganese Industry of Panama, Rep. of Colombia. BY E. G. WILLIAMS. Trans. A m . h s l . Min. Eng., 32 (rgoz).Manganese ore occurs in small bodies over nearly 300 square miles, but only six mines have actually shipped ore. T h e first shipments were made in 1871. A railway g miles long was constructed to the mines in 1894. T h e ores occur on the lowlands near the sea as well as on the summits of the hills in the interior. T h e rocks immediately associated with the ores are of sedimentary origin. T h e principal ore is psilomelane, while pyrolusite and braunite also occur. Pockets of soft ore are sometimes found, but not often. Some of the harder ore appears to be a new mineral, MnO.aMn0,. T h e ore is hand-picked, to keep the silica below the allowable limit of 8 per cent. ; the phosphorus averages below 0.05 ; the best ore runs as high as 57.50 per cent. manganese; the average, 53.75 per cent, Detailed descriptions of several deposits are given. J. W. RICHARDS. ARDS.
162
Review of American Chemical Research.
A Wood-Burning Muffle Furnace. BY I,. JANIN, J R . Eng. Min. J. , December 2 0 , 1902.-A design for a double-muffle furnace, for use where coke and coal are dear and wood cheap. T h e wood was cut into 16-inch pieces, costing $4.50 per cord, and oneseventh of a cord was used per day. The furnace could be gotten up to heat, starting cold, in ninety minutes. J. 1%’.RICHARDS. The Litharge Process of Assaying Copper-Bearing Ores. BY W. G. PERKINS. Trans. A m . fnst. Min. Eng., 31, g13.-The scorification process is often rendered long and tedious by the necessity of repeatedly rescorifying because of copper in the button, thereby incurring risk of losing silver and gold. T h e author proposes to use a crucible assay, using litharge. Using half an assay ton of ore, 4 per cent. of sulphur, antimony or arsenic will reduce 16, 3 or 6 grams, respectively, of lead from PbO, while I gram of flour will reduce I O grams of lead, and I gram of KNO, will oxidize 4 grams to PbO. The charge should be calculated so as to get a button of 16 grams. Salt is used as a cover, as there is less volatilization of gold with it than using borax. Arsenic and antimony interfere if they are over 4 per cent. J . IT.RICHARDS. Detection and Estimation of Small Amounts of Gold and Silver. BY L. WAGOXER. T r a m . A m . Z m f . Miz. Eng., 31, 7gS.-The object was to examine rocks remote from veins or mineral areas, in order to test the probability of the lateralsecretion theory. Pure fest lead was prepared by electrolyzing pure lead acetate with a carbon rod azode, which deposits first a small amount of lead much higher in silver than the salt. T h e solution is filtered, crystallized, the crystals ignited in an iron spoon, and a mixture of lead and lead oxide obtained. This is reduced on coal without flux, to metal. By this means lead was obtained containing only o.ooooo47 per cent. of silver. If any of the ordinary reagents are used as fluxes, more silver is found, Merck’s C. P. soda contained over 0.0003 per cent. silver, and some KCN 0.00026 per cent. silver and o.ooooo147 per cent. gold ; when such reagents were used, their gold and silver content had to be allowed for. Boracic acid was the only reagent tested which showed no silver. Assaying the rocks was done by crushing to 6o-mesh, taking 40 to 50 grams, and 60 cc. of water, containing IOO milligrams of KCN. This was put into a stoppered bottle, shaken at intervals for a day or two, filtered, evaporated with 400 milligrams of calcined lead acetate, and fused on coal B. B. Correction is afterwards made for the silver in the lead salt and silver and gold in the cyanide. Fine cupellation was performed on a cupel made of floated bone-ash, the upper surface having been burnished with the smooth end of the agate pestle. The weight of the beads was obtained by Goldschmidt’s method of
MetalZurgicaC Chemistvy and Assaying.
163
measurement under the microscope, with a scale in the eye-piece. With a power of 60, each division represented 0.02001 millimeter, and by estimating tenths of a division, the diameters were measured to 0.002 millimeter, from which the weights were obtained. Parting was performed by placing the button io a drop of water on a fragment of porcelain, adding nitric acid, warming, and absorbing the silver nitrate by filter-paper, repeating the operation until only gold was left. Then a fragment of lead was placed on the gold, melted, transferred to a cupel and cupelled. Sea-water was tested by evaporating I cc. with 200 milligrams of lead and fusing on coal, and showed per ton of sea-water 1900 milligrams of silver and 16 milligrams of gold. Sea-weed showed, i n some cases, much silver, reduced by the organic matter ; baymud contains gold and silver thus precipitated. The following are some of the results obtained : Silver (per cent.). Gold (per cent.). ................ 0.~940 o.ooo0115 ..................... 0.0015430 o.ooo0720 o.ooooo3g ...................... .. o.oooo~~o 0.oooo201 o.ooo000863 .......... 0.~00547 o.oooooz6 ...................0.0007440 0.0000076
Granite, American River, Cal.. Syenite, Candelaria, Nev.. Sandstone, Colusa Co., Cal. (Hayward Bldg. ) Marble, Carrara, Italy.. Basalt paving block, Petaluma, Cal.. Diabase, Mariposa Co., Cal.
The results of this extraordinarily accurate investigation show the average ratio of silver to gold in these rocks to be 30 to I , and confirm the belief that they were both deposited with the rock. Assuming underground circulating waters, the source of the gold and silver in veins can be found in the country rocks, thus rendering the lateral secretion theory plausible. J . W. RICHARDS. A Study of Amalgamation nethods, Especially the Patio Process, with the Object of Avoiding the Loss of Mercury. BY M. BUSTAMENTO, JR. Trans. A m . Inst. Mi%.Eng., 32 (1902). -The ore treated by the author contained about I ounce of gold per ton, but amalgamation scarcely extracted one-tenth its assay value, and did not pay. A combined amalgamation and cyanide system saved 32 per cent., but still did not pay. By roasting the ore before treatment, the combined system extracted 63 per cent., with a loss of 1 1 per cent. of the mercury used, and the milling began to pay. T h e mercury was principally lost as sulphide. Precipitation of the cyanide solutions by zinc was subsequently replaced by electrical precipitation, increasing the extraction o f the gold value of the ore 6 per cent. The author was then led to try amalgamation with the aid of the electrical current. The amalgamating plates in the mortars were connected with a dynamo giving 150 amperes, at 14 volts ; the apron plates outside were also similarly connected, in series. Similar dispositions were made in the pans and washers, the plates being in series so that no pair had a higher electromotive force on them than 1.5 volts, while IO amperes were used per square meter of
Review of American Chemical Research.
164
plate furnace. Roasting was dispensed with, and finally the perfected process extracted 95 per cent. of the gold, with a loss of but 0.03 per cent. of mercury, and at a cost of 4 2 cents per ton for crushing and 19 cents for amalgamation and electricity. The Patio Process consumes ordinarily I . 5 ounces of mercury per ounce of silver obtained. This is higher than necessary, for by increasing the amount of salt and treating the torta slightly cold, the loss may be kept below half an ounce of mercury. By using amalgamated copper plates in the drains through which the torta is washed, connected in tensiou so as to obtain about 40 amperes per square meter at I to 2 volts tension, the collecting of the amalgam is greatly facilitated, and the author has obtained as much as 97 per cent. extraction of the silver with a loss of mercury only one-quarter the weight of silver obtained, or about 5 per cent. of the total mercury employed. The author develops a theory of the Patio process which cannot be well abstracted, but which is, in brief, that ( I ) ferric chloride forms i n the torta, ( 2 ) its reduction to ferrous chloride chloridizes the silver, (3) precipitation of the silver by hydrated oxides in the mixture. This part of the paper will bear careful reading. J . W. RICHARDS.
Note on Hydraulic Mining of Low-Grade Gravel. BY W. H. RADFORD. Trans. Am. Inst. fifin. Ezg., 31, 617.-Figures as to very economical mining of low-grade gravel, running only 2 . 5 2 cents per cubic yard, which was washed at a cost of 2 . 2 0 cents per cubic yard, of which I O per cent. was for the care of water supply, I O per cent. for the actual washing, 5 per cent. for blasting, 4 per cent. for sluice building aud repairing, 1 2 per cent. for supplies, 12 per cent. for general expenses, 16 per cent. for salaries, taxes, etc., and 30 per cent. for cleaning up, blackJ . W. RICHARDS. smithing, clearing ground, etc. Experiments with Bromo-Cyanogen on Southern Gold Ores. BY S. H. BROCKUNIER. Trans. A m . Inst. Min. E n g . , 31, 793.T h e ore was quartzite and schist, very hard, containing much silica and manganese, some alumina, and from 2 to I O per cent. of pyrites. Average value, $8 per ton. Only 20 per cent. could be saved by amalgamation. T h e mine ore was concentrated 2 0 to I , at a cost of $I per ton of concentrates, which were then chlorinated by the Theiss process, but it did not pay. Plain cyanide s,olution on unroasted ore extracted 40 to 60 per cent. of the gold, but with large consumption of cyanide ; with roasted ore the extraction was 80 per cent., but the loss of cyanide was still too high. Bromo-cyanogen was made by the following reaction : gNaBr 16HCl-t- K,Mn,O, 5KCy H,O = gBrCy 2MnC1, 5NaCl-t 7KCl+ gH,O, and the process used was to wash for one hour with 0 . 2 per cent.
+
+ +
++
Meta Zlurgical Chemistry and Assaying,
165
sulphuric acid, then with water, then for one hour with 0 . 2 per cent. potassium hydroxide solution, then for forty-eight hours with 25 per cent. of its weight of 0.3 per cent. cyanogen bromide solution, containing also 0.3 per cent. potassium cyanide. The extraction was 70 per cent., which the author thinks can be eventually raised to 85 per cent. while the loss of potassium cyanide was insignificant. The author is convinced that the method is very suitable for many southern gold ores. J. W. RICHARDS.
The nechanical Feeding of Silver-Lead Blast-Furnaces. BY A. S. DWIGHT. Trans. A m . Inst. Min. Eng., 32 (1902).-At Pueblo and East Helena, mechanical feeding has been in continuous and successful operation for a long time, and has clearly passed its experimental stage. The reactions in a lead furnace are entirely different from those in the iron furnace, since some metals have to be reduced and some oxidized, and the extent to which the lead and copper are reduced to metal, and the iron reduced only to the state of FeO, is the key to successful smelting. The reducing gases tend naturally to travel close to the furnace walls ; no furnace fed with coarse ore on the sides and fine ore in the middle can possibly do good work ; the opposite manner of feeding must be used, so as to cause the gases to ascend as uniformly as possible over the whole sectional area of the furnace. This is attained in a mechanical feeder by having underneath the bell a cone-shaped spreader,” and around it a circular curtain, reaching a little lower than the bottom of the spreader. Large lumps of ore bound from the spreader, strike the curtain and rebound under the spreader into the middle of the furnace, while the finer material slides down the spreader, misses the lower egge of the curtain and is discharged towards the walls. By varying the relative sizes and heights of spreader and curtain, any desired effect can be produced, and the uncertain human element in charging eliminated as much as possible. J. W. RICHARDS. I ‘
The Cyanide Assay for Copper. BY H. H. MILLER. Trans. A m . Inst. Min. Eng., 31, 653.-Ten grams of ore are put into a No. 4 porcelain casserole, and digested with acid until dissolved ; excess of dilute ammonia is added, the assay kept warm five minutes and filtered, the bulk of the filtrate and washings being not over 180 cc. The solution being cool, and made up to 180 cc., is titrated by standardized KCN, the color fading until the violet tint is very faint ; then filter and bring it to a delicate, hardly-perceptible rose-pink, by adding more KCN. In the discussion, Mr. E. Keller called attention to the fact that the results by this method were too high if zinc had not been preJ. W. RICHARDS. viously separated from the solution.
I 66
Review oJ( American Chemical Research.
On the Presence of Iron in Copper or Its Alloys. BY E. S. SPERRY.Ab. WovZd, December, 1902.-Iron ordinarily separates out in small round pellets, sometimes as large as a pea ; they are really nodules of steel, and extremely hard. They cause great difficulty in machining the metal, especially in automatic machines. In making sheet brass or copper, such nodules will indent chilled rolls. Such spots also show iron rust when the metal is exposed to water or moist air. In sterro-metal, deltametal and manganese bronze, iron is contained absolutely chemically combined ; it is introduced by first alloying it with zinc, or manganese, and then introducing this alloy into the metal. Any carbon present in these alloys throws the iron out of combination as steel. J. TV. RICHARDS.
The Lead and Zinc Deposits of North Arkansas. BY J . C. BRANNER. Trans. A m . Inst. Min. Eng., 31, 572.-A 30-page discussion, by the former director of the state geological survey. His general conclusions are that ( I ) the ores are remarkably pure ; (2 ) the zinc ores were originally deposited as disseminated ores in sedimentary beds, mostly of organic origin, in which some of them are still found ; ( 3 ) the position of the ores in the beds has been changed, more or less, since they were originally deposited ; (4) these changes have been going on since the original deposition, and are still in progress; ( 5 ) vertical and other fissures have been filled by ores brought into them by circulating waters from above, from below, and from thesides ; ( 6 ) the position of the ores in the secondary deposits has been determined largely by the same structural features which have guided the underground waters; ( 7 ) the accumulations of ore have taken place sometimes along synclinal troughs, sometimes along faultlines, and sometimes in the breccias formed along other ancient underground water-courses ; ( S ) the carbonates and silicates hare been produced, mostly in place, by the alteration of sulphide ores. J. U'. RICHARDS. The Klein Jig and the Klein Classifier. BY F. H. REGEL. Tyans. A m . Inst. Min. Eng., 31, 61g.-The writer believes that the recent prosperity of the mining industry is due largely to the improvements in concentrating machinery ; many once worthless properties are now profitably operated because of these improvements. The Klein jig and ore classifier is in use in the lead region of southeast Missouri and in Montana. At a Missouri plant, 27 jigs, of four compartments each, are treating 450 to 500 tons of lead ore every twenty-four hours, extracting 90 per cent. of the metallic value from a 2 . 5 per cent. ore which had been thrown aside as unworkable. I n this jig, all the plungers are operated by one eccentric, and compressed air at 2 5 to 3j pounds pressure is used as an auxiliary. This use of air in combination with water is a new departure, which works very well. The ma-
Organic Chemistry.
167
chines are described in U. S. Patents 674,169and 674,269, of May 14,1901. J. W.RICHARDS.
ORGANIC CHEnlSTRY.
On the Action of Aniline upon Tetrabrom-o.Benzoquinone. BY C. LORING JACKSON AND H. C. PORTER. Bey. d. chem. Ges., 35, 3851-3854.-By adding an alcoholic solution of tetrabrom-obenzoquinone to an alcoholic solution of aniline, aniline and alcohol addition-products of dianilinodibrom-o-benzoquinoneresult. T h e filtrate from these precipitates when boiled gives dianilinobrom-p-benzoquinoneanil, and the latter by Ioug boiling with aniline changes to dianilino-p-benzoquinoneanil. Dianilinodibvom-o-benzoquinone, C,Br,O,(NHC,H,),, was separated from its aniline addition-product by heating at 50' with a mixture of benzene and ligroin, and recrystallizing from the same mixed solvents until the melting-point remained constant at 160'. Reddishpurple needles. Aniline dianilinodibvom-o-benzoquinone,C,Br,O, ( NHC6H5),,C,H,NH,, is the first product of the action of aniline upon the tetrabrom quinone, and may also be prepared by boiling the dianilinodibrom quinone with benzene and some aniline. Fine light-brown needles, m. p. 123O, decomposed by heating dry or in solution to 5oo-6o0, or by the action of acids. Loses its aniline when warmed with benzene. Dianilinodibrom-o-benzoguiizonemonoeih-vlhemiacetufe, C,Br,O, (NHC,H,),,C,H,OH, is produced by the action of alcohol upon the dianilinodibrom quinone at ordinary temperature. Rectangular yellow plates, from benzene ; heated dry or in solution to 60' , it slowly loses its alcohol ; rapidly heated, it liquefies at about 143' with simultaneous decomposition. With methyl alcohol, a similar addition-product is obtained, whose decomposition point lies a t about 144'-145'. Dianilinobrom-p-benzoquinoneanil is obtained from the preceding substances by boiling them with aniline bromide and alcohol ; if the reaction is continued too long, dianilino-p-benzoquinoneanil is formed. T h e bromine derivative is purified by crystallization from a mixture of benzene and methyl alcohol and forms rhombic It is probably a para derivaglistening black plates, m. p. 173'. tive, since by the action of a dry ether solution of SO,, even at the ordinary temperature, it is changed to the paraquinoneanil, m. p. 202'-203'. M. T.BOGERT.
On Tetrachlordinitrobenzene. BY C. LORING JACKSON AND H. A. CARLTON(Preliminary communication). Bey. d. chem. Ges., 35, 3855-3857::1 ,2,~,~-Tetrachlorbenzene was prepared from 2,4,6trichloraniline by the Sandmeyer reaction, and yielded the mononitro derivative when boiled for half an hour with fuming nitric acid. T h e dinitro derivative was produced from the latter by boiling it with a mixture of concentrated sulphuric
