198
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
THE CONSTRUCTION OF LABORATORY APPAWLTLIS FOR SCHOOLS
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H. Struers, Chemiske Lahoratorium, Copenhagen. United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris, 1954. 76 plates. Many figs. Sizes vary. $8. for each Series.
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THIS bilineual .. Dublication (Endish .. and French). consists of a set of merbanirnl drawirrm thnt rnn hc wed i r the Murprint from which to mnnufacturr school scientific xpp:rnttus. It is inten~lrd for ~nanufncturrmof nppnmtus 2nd for worksltops of voc.!tiwd schools. The drawings of Series I are for general science apparatus. Series I1 contains directions for making 6 pieces of general apparatus, 25 items for mechanics, 7 for fluids, 6 for heat, 5 for light, 4 for sound, 17 for electricity and magnetism, 3 for chemistry, and 3 for biology. The chemical apparatus described includes a blowpipe, a pneumatic trough stand, and a water deionizinc column. ----~-The accompanying pamphlet describes the symbols used on the drawings, gives a list of the workshop equipment needed, and furnishes a list of the materials needed. ~
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ELBERT C. WEAVER
P m r ~ r Ac*owr ~s A ~ o o v ~M n ,* a s * c ~ n s s r ~ I
METHODS OF QUANTITATIVE MICRO-ANALYSIS
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Edited by R. F. Milton and W. A. Woters. St. Martin's Press, 742 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 New York, 1955. xi cm. $15.
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r~~~~~~~~ OF Q~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ - ~ - - -M - - - - -~ is the result ~ of an ambitious and laudable attemptto present, in one vol&ne, much of the pertinent information concerning a variety of specialized micro techniques. The volume is composed of seven parts. Each pmt has been contributed by one or more specialists and containins a brief discussion of theoretical principles, description of apparatus, and details of manipulative technique. In many instances, examples of the application of the technique to the analvsis of soecific materials are described. A table summarieinn the metiods of anslvsis and contilinine literature ~-~~ references concludes each part. Part I, on gravimetric techniques was contributed by R. F. Milton, W. A. Waters, and G. Ingram (pp. 11-55). Use of the micro balance, drying of samples, filtration methods, use of the centrifuge, and separation by dialysis are discussed. Notes on the use of organic reagents for the gravimetric determination of metal8 are also included. The treatment of weighing, as illustrated by the given example, is judged as inadequate. Part 11, "Micro-analysis of organic compounds," by W. A. Waters and G. Ingram (pp. 57-133) discusses the quantitative elementary analysis of organic compounds, the determination of functional groups, and molecular weight. For the determination of carbon and hydrogen, combustion tubes packed with Ingram's boat filling are apparently refo or red to tubes ~ a c k e dwith Precl's ~
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era1 miucioles. de$'ohotion of &maratus. and exoerimentd tech, niques. A wide vnrit.1). of evrrllent rxnmplcs of the hpl,lir%ricn of the micro-~olumrtriepro,:edltrcs are d*.scr~IwI. i~" F.I rhlilton(l,p220-12ll), ~ Part IV, ' C ( o l o ~ i m ~ 1 T i r ~ n n I y ~It. is devoted t o a discussion of general principles and the apparatus used for colorimetry, nephelometry, and fluorimetry. A considerable number of examples of colorimetric analysis are cited. The description of their application to the analysis of biological materials, water, gases, organic compounds, trace quantities of metals, etc., is brief and adequate for measurement with visual apparatus. The value of both this part and Part I11 would be enhanced had the author included a discussion of the importance of conducting blank determinations along with the sample analysis, especially when appreciable quantities of reagents are used,
as in wet ashing procedures. Some information about the selection of stable standard substances and the necessity of assaying stock solutions made of substances which are subject to chsnae d u r i u PIOrnge ~ should ~ H V Iwen Q uoted. l'nrt V, 't.lectr~cl~emieul methods of mirn+mlyris," by J. 'T. Stock (rw. , 421-XUI. ewers the theon' and aunlimtion of rmrntiomctry, polnrugmphy, elertrodrpo+ion, coulornctry, conducri~netricnnalvsis, :lid elertrol,horr4~. Sunmuus tables, graphs, 2nd illusrrntions of vnrioua l,i+cn of nppnrntus accompany lhr text. Part VI, "Gasometric methods of micro-analysis," by K.M. Wilson (pp. 521-605), describes the novel and clever techniques of Blacet and Leighton, T. C. Sutton, and R. Spence for the analysis of common mixtures of gases. The glycerineentrained bubble method as applied to the analysis of gas bubbles occurring in glass is also described. Application of the Van Slyke apparatus the Warburg apparatus, and the Barcraft differential resperometer is explained and typical examples of analysis are cited. Various tables and charts for use with the Van Slyke apparatus are included. Part VII, "Chromatographic analysis," by S. M. Partridge and T. Strain (m. 608-30). is a condensed discourse on chromatagraphic techniques and their applioation to various types of analy~is. Various techniques, theoretical principles, and apparatus are briefly treated. Good examples of the ~pplicationof ionexchange methods, paper chromatography, partition chromatography, and adsorption chromatography are given. This section is a good introduction to the field of chromatographic analysis. Part VIII, "Biological methods of micro-anelysis," by A. J. Amos (pp. 68%91), is concerned mainly with the determination of various vitamins and amino acids. Apparatus, procedure reauirements. and severalexam~lesof analvses are brieflvdescribed. Basic training this branch ~ in brtoteriology ~ is a prer&isitefor A ~ of analytical work. This volume serves the editors'purpose wellby making accessible t o the average laboratory worker information about techniques whioh previously have not been readily available. Both the editors and the contributors are to be congratulated for their effort in accomplishing such an arduous and difficult task. The book should prove a vduable acquisition of most analytical laboratories, especially those whose function is to perform a diversity Of ILnalyses. HARRY T. JOHNSTON P. S A D T L61~ SON.INC. SAMUEL
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P m ~ r o e ~ ~ wP r *s a , ~amv~m*
POLAROGFSPHIC TECHNIQUES Louis Meites, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Yale University. 317 pp. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1955. xiii 33 figs. Tables. 15.5 X 23.5 cm. $6.
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THISis an exr~.llmtbook for those vhu wnnt tu ltuw n short 2nd dear introrlurrion to tllrorericnl 2nd prrrtirol pol-irography. \Vrittcn primarily :m a wxtbook, i t fill* n w r y rml nerd in the polarographic literature.
inclided, bne on trouble shooting in polarographic' circuits and the other a tabular oompilation of half wave potentials and d f i sion current constants of inorganic substances. References t o the original literature are provided. Theoretical principles are covered in four chapters. The topics considered are the residual, migrat.ion, and diffusion currents, kinotio and catalytic currents, adsorption waves, theory of the current-voltage curve, criteria. of reversibility, interpretation of half wave potentials and maxima. A knowledge of the fundamental theory common to polltrography and all other electrical methods of analysis is assumed. Four chapters me devoted t o more practical considerations. These are instrumentation, techniques of quantitative polarographio analysis, amperometric titrations, and special techniques. The last of these discusses
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