INDUSTRIAL and ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
News V O L U M E 16
Vol. 30, Consecutive N o . 22 Published
EDITION
by the
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY HARRISON E. HOWE,
Editor N U M B E R 11
JUNE 10, 1938
Milwaukee Journal
Photo
A n Artist's C o n c e p t i o n of t h e F o u n d e r of Milwaukee, S o l o m o n J u n e a u , Trading w i t h t h e I n d i a n s a t t h e Old Trading P o s t
Milwaukee Historical Notes ary and restless, type of settler. They came from every part of America, and as years went on, from every country in Europe, b u t it has always been the singuCAN C H E M I C A L SOCIETY, September 5 to 9. lar good fortune of Milwaukee to b e faW e hope y o u will enjoy this city's beauty vored b y t h e type of m a n who believes in a n d places of interest, t h e hospitality and work rather t h a n adventure as a means of friendship of i t s citizens, a n d return to getting on in t h e world. This is t h e real y o u r own communities with a richer and story of Milwaukee—not anecdotes of deeper feeling from benefits derived from squabbles among t h e early villagers, not a notable a n d worthwhile meeting. t h e narration of a big fire—but If Milwaukee h a s one outt h e story of t h e assembling here standing reason for civic pride, of half a million people whose i t is t h e fact t h a t here has been antecedents touch every p a r t of developed a great manufacturing t h e world and who speak many center which is a t t h e same time different tongues, b u t who posacknowledged t o b e one of t h e sess t o a remarkable degree the most beautiful a n d desirable common characteristics of thrift places of residence in America. and industry. O n e m u s t have visited t h e imIndian legend traced through p o r t a n t factory towns of the g e n e r a t i o n s of r e d - s k i n n e d world t o appreciate how rare this braves, a n d preserved b y trails of combination is, how striking to innumerable council fires and those who know industrial wigwams forms t h e early pages centers only as spoiled for everyof Milwaukee's history. The thing b u t sheer toil; t h e specname Mahn-a-waukie was the tacle of a city t h a t is mighty in naïve gutteral cry of an Indian industry y e t unsurpassed in brave uttered a s he drew his bark b e a u t y a n d remarkable for one canoe from the waters a t t h e presscarcity—the absence of slums e n t site of what today is a great a n d tenement districts. There metropolis, t h e twelfth most is no b e t t e r method of directing populous city in t h e United attention t o Milwaukee's inherStates. I n t h e Ouisconsin (Wise n t soundness a s a community consin) language, i t means "good t h a n t o emphasize a t t h e outset and beautiful lands." In differt h a t t h e homes of this city, be ent dialects other Indians are t h e y large o r small, a r e very little known t o have called this spot less t h a n 100 per cent neat, clean, "Mahn-a-waukie S e e p e " or, a n d habitable. I t means more translated, "gathering place by t h a n t h e words signify when one the rivers." Since t h e Indians of the world's greatest manufachad no written language, the turing centers can boast of more early white visitors pronounced shade trees t h a n any other t h e name to suit themselves, place of equal size on t h e conOld S p r i n g S t r e e t Bridge—Now t h e S i t e of t h e M a i n with t h e result t h a t many tinent. Thoroughfare· Wisconsin A v e n u e
M
ILWAUKEE is planning t o welcome visiting chemists in September a t t h e 96th Meeting of t h e A M E R I -
T h e r e is pride beyond statistics in t h e broad, clean, well-lighted streets, which proves t h a t Milwaukee is a good place in which to live, t o work, and to visit. T h e story of Milwaukee is t h e story of a community, not of a locality. T h e city is w h a t it is because t h e earnest character a n d practical aims of the pioneers set in motion activities t h a t attracted t h e clearheaded and steady, rather t h a n t h e vision-
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INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
VOL. 16, NO. 11
Milwaukee's First C o u r t h o u s e variations appear in early written records. In t h e Jesuit relations the name is given as "Milioke." For many years after the place became a white settlement, with the name pronounced Milwaukee, the popula tion was split over the proper spelling. Two of t h e newspapers insisted the ter mination should be "kie." One paper printed in English finally yielded to popu lar demand in 1844 and adopted the present spelling. Following a policy of expansion, the American Fur Co. in 1790 sent Jacques Vieau and Jean Baptiste Mirandeau from an established post in Green Bay to see about establishing a post in the Indian settlement of Milwaukee. Laurenet Solo mon Juneau, an assistant in Green Bay, married Vieau's daughter and became the manager of the Milwaukee branch. From 1818 to 1833 he and his family were the only white people in the settlement. He wielded tremendous influence among the Indians and later among the early white settlers. His memory is commemorated at several points in the city today, includ ing Juneau Park and Juneau Hall in Mil waukee's auditorium, where many of the
financed the Milwaukee and other western railroads. The first vessel anchored in Milwaukee Bay in 1779. The first connection with Chicago by telegraph was established in 1849; by [railway, in 1856. About 1840, a stream of immigration from Germany began which was accelerated by the revolu tionary movement in 1848 and continued through half a century. In 1900 out of a total population of 285,315, 53,854 had been born in Germany and 151,045 more had one or both parents of German birth. This made a total of 75 per cent who were either German by birth or. of the first generation. Gas for lighting the streets and houses became available in the year 1852. The first formally organized telephone exchange in the city began operations on M a y 10, 1879.
AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY'S meetings
will be held in September. Rival settlements known a s Milwaukee East Side and Milwaukee West Side, popularly known as Juneau Town and Kilbourn Town, were separately incor porated as townships of Milwaukee (-ounty in 1837. In 1839 they united as wards of t h e same village, each one keeping com plete administration records of its own. Walker's Point, on the south side, was annexed as a third ward and in 1846 the three were incorporated as the city of Milwaukee, of which Solomon Juneau was elected t h e first mayor. The first newspaper, The Milwaukee Ad vertiser, began publication on July 14, 1836, and a public school was also opened in that year. In 1839 The Fire and Marine Insurance Bank was established. This bank for 40 years was one of the strongest banking nouses west of the Alleghenies. Its notes sold for par through the panics when even the government issues depreciated. It
In the history of every great city a r e recorded events which serve as milestones in its march to progress. Milwaukee has many such events—too many to enumer ate—but it would seem that, from t h e very beginning, Nature had intended t h e location now occupied by Milwaukee to be an ideal place for a great city.
Textile Foundation Research
A
T A recent meeting of the board of di rectors of the Textile Foundation, it was decided to concentrate future scientific research on studies of funda mental problems which are basic to t h e entire industry. A group of advisers has been appointed to plan and establish t h e scientific research program: R. E . Rose, chairman, Harold DeWitt Smith, Alban Eavenson, H. S. Taylor, Warren E. Emley, and A. G. Black. Allotments of funds have been made on a long-time basis. Much of the work will be done a t the N a tional Bureau of Standards, but certain investigations will he performed at t h e Lowell Textile Institute, the Massachu setts Institute of Technology, and Yale University.
Standards Department Formed by General Electric r
City Hall of More t h a n Fifty Years Ago. T h i s Building Stood o n t h e S a m e S i t e a s t h e Present City Hall
po
COORDINATE activities in
the
de-
X velopment and application of stand ards hot h within the company and with out, the General Electric Co., Schenec tady, Ν. Υ., has formed a new Standards Department. This organization will work with local, national, and international as sociations and agencies interested in stand ards and codes and will also promote the development of standards for use in the company's engineering and manufactur ing department. Lee F . Adams, formerly associated with General Electric's Com mercial General Department, has been named manager of the department. Mr. Adams will also act as assistant to Vice President E. O. Shreve.
The AMBKICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by contributors to its publications. Published by the AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Publication Office. 20th & Northampton S te., E as ton, Pa. Editorial Office, Room 706, Mills Building, Washington, D. C : Telephone. National 0848; Cable, Jiechem (Washington). Advertising Department, 332 West 42nd St., New York, Ν. Υ.; Tele phone, Bryant 9-4430. Entered as second-class matter at the Poet Office at Easton, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879. as 48 times a year. Industrial Edition monthly on the first; Analytical Edition monthly on the 15th; News Edition on the 10th and 20th. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized July 13, 1918. SUBSCRIPTION to non members, INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CBBMISTBT complete, 96.00 per year; foreign postage $2 40, except to countries accept ing mail at American domestic rates; Canada, 80 cents. Analytical Edition alone, $2.50 per year; foreign postage. 60 cents; Canada 20 cents. News Edi tion alone, $1.50 per year (single copies, 10 cents); foreign postage, 60 cents; Canada, 20 cents. Subscriptions, changes of address, and claims for lost ~* * L. · Parsons. Secretary, ~ Mill Building, ~ " " Washington, ~~ " " ~ C. ~ copies should be sent to Charles 728• Mills D.
