RESEARCH Characterization of Natural and Affected Environments 1321 Determination of Thiaarenes and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Workplace Air of an Aluminum Reduction Plant Gerhard Becker, Anders Colmsjö, and Conny Östman Workplace exposures on thiaarenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons depending on work categories have been determined using gas chromatography-atomic emission detection.
1328 Arsenic Occurrence in New Hampshire Drinking Water Stephen C. Peters, Joel D. Blum, Bjoern Klaue, and Margaret R. Karagas Arsenic concentrations statewide are higher in bedrock versus surficial wells, and arsenic appears to be weathering from pegmatite-hosted sulfide minerals, such as arsenopyrite.
1334 Microchemical Investigations of Dust Emitted by a Lead Smelter Sophie Sobanska, Natacha Ricq, Agnès Laboudigue, René Guillermo, Claude Brémard, Jacky Laureyns, Jean Claude Merlin, and Jean Pierre Wignacourt The dusts emitted by a smelter are particles less than 10 u m i n size containing PbS, PbS0 4 *PbO, PbS0 4 , Pb, and ZnS as major compounds.
Environmental Processes • 1366 Persistence of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Surfactants and Their Primary Degradation Products in Sediments from near a Municipal Outfall in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada Dayue Y. Shang, Robie W. Macdonald, and Michael G. Ikonomou Dated sediment cores show that nonylphenol and its ethoxylates have apparent half-lives of 60 years or more once they enter marine sediments.
1373 Natural Input of Arsenic into a Coral-Reef Ecosystem by Hydrothermal Fluids and Its Removal by Fe(lll) Oxyhydroxides Thomas Pichler, Jan Veizer, and Gwendy E. M. Hall If conditions remain oxidizing subsequent to precipitation, hydrothermal Fe(III) oxyhydroxide deposits provide a perpetual sink for arsenic in a shallow-water hydrothermal system.
1379 TiO2-Assisted Photodegradation of Dyes. 9. Photooxidation of a Squarylium Cyanine Dye in Aqueous Dispersions under Visible Light Irradiation Taixing Wu, Tong Lin, Jincai Zhao, Hisao Hidaka, and Nick Serpone The photocatalytic degradation of dye squarylium cyanine mediated by TiOz particles under visible irradiation is investigated by UV-spectra, HNMR, GS-MS, and trapping ESR technique, etc.
• 1388
Atmospheric Pb Deposition since the Industrial Revolution Recorded by Five Swiss Peat Profiles: Enrichment Factors, Fluxes, Isotopic Composition, and Sources
Aeration Effects on the Partitioning of a PCB to Anoxic Estuarine Sediment Pore Water Dissolved Organic Matter Joel A. Pedersen, Christopher J. Gabelich, Chen-Hung Lin, and I. H. Suffet Aeration of anoxic estuarine sediment pore waters resulted in a marked decrease in the partitioning of 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl to dissolved organic matter.
Dominik Weiss, William Shotyk, Peter G. Appleby, Jan D. Kramers, and Andriy K. Cheburkin
1398
Concentration and isotopic measurements of Pb in Swiss peat bogs from localities north and south of the Alps display spatial and temporal variations and reflect different sources and their changing contribution to air pollution.
Effect of Salicylic Acid upon Trace-Metal Sorption (CdII, ZnII, CoII, and MnII) onto Alumina, Silica, and Kaolinite as a Function of pH
1353
In the presence of salicylic acid, the sorption of metals was (i) increased, (ii) reduced, or (iii) very weakly changed compared to free-organic-ligand systems.
1340
Lakhdar Benyahya and Jean-Marie Garnier
Isolation of the Chlordane Compounds U82, MC5, MC7, and MC8 from Technical Chlordane by HPLC Including Structure Elucidation of U82 and Determination of ECD and NICI-MS Response Factors Heidi Karlsson, Michael Oehme, and Gerd Scherer U82, the most abundant octacholor congener in humans, was isolated from technical chlordane together with other congeners, and its structure elucidated as l-exo,2-enfifo,3-exo,4,5,6,8,8-octachloro-3a,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindane.
1359 Distribution of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Floor Dust throughout Homes Following Homeowner and Commercial Lawn Applications: Quantitative Effects of Children, Pets, and Shoes Marcia G. Nishioka, Hazel M. Burkholder, and Marielle C. Brinkman The transport of lawn-applied 2,4-D into homes is primarily due to track-in by high activity pets, the applicator's shoes, and high activity children.
1408 Primary Product of the Horseradish Peroxidase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Pentachlorophenol Chikoma Kazunga, Michael D. Aitken, and Avram Gold Horseradish peroxidase catalyzes the extensive oxidation of pentachlorophenol to form an insoluble dimer, not the more soluble and toxic tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone as indicated in earlier work.
1413 Influence of Nonlinear Sorption Kinetics on the Slow-Desorbing Organic Contaminant Fraction in Soil Wendela Schlebaum, Gosse Schraa, and Willem H. Van Riemsdijk Nonlinear sorption implies that the slow-desorbing organic contaminant fraction depends not only on adsorption time but also on the concentration during the adsorption period.
MAY 1, 1999 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS • 1 8 3 A
1418
1464
Inhibition of Precipitation and Aggregation of Metacinnabar (Mercuric Sulfide) by Dissolved Organic Matter Isolated from the Florida Everglades
The Adsorption of SO2 by Zeolites Synthesized from Fly Ash
Mahalingam Ravichandran, George R. Aiken, Joseph N. Ryan, and Michael M. Reddy
Organic matter fractions isolated from the Everglades inhibit precipitation and aggregation of metacinnabar (HgS) by binding mercury in solution and enhancing the colloidal stability of metacinnabar colloids.
1424 Complexation of Cu with Dissolved Organic Carbon in Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash Leachates Jeannet A. Meima, André van Zomeren, and Rob N. J. Comans Ligand-exchange solvent extraction and geochemical modeling show that 95-100% of leached Cu is organically-bound and that leaching is mainly controlled by the availability of organic ligands.
1430 Aerosol Formation from the Reaction of α-Pinene and Ozone Using a Gas-Phase Kinetics-Aerosol Partitioning Model Richard Kamens, Myoseon Jang, Chao-Jung Chien, and Keri Leach A novel biogenic aerosol modeling approach, based on rates of absorption and desorption of a-pinene oxidation products from the particle phase was investigated.
1439 Adsorption of Eu(lll) onto Roots of Water Hyacinth Colleen Kelley, Randall E. Mielke, Darryl Dimaquibo, Abigale J. Curtis, and Jane G. DeWitt
The speciation of Eu(III) on the roots of water hyacinth are deter mined.
1444 Natural Denitrification in Drying Process of Dew Norimichi Takenaka, Takahiko Suzue, Kingo Ohira, Tatsuko Morikawa, Hiroshi Bandow, and Yasuaki Maeda
As dew dries, any ammonium nitrite in it is concentrated and then decomposes to water and nitrogen.
Environmental Technology • 1448 Hydrate Formation from Gaseous CO2 and Water James J. Morgan, Veronica R. Blackwell, Don E. Johnson, Dwain F. Spencer, and Wheeler J. North
C0 2 hydrate formation pressures could be reduced by 14-50% by utilizing the hysteresis effect and by 5% by using Snomax.
1453
Anand Srinivasan and Michael W. Grutzeck
Zeolites synthesized from fly ash are able to adsorb S0 2 from flue gas.
1470 Plant-Mediated Transformation of Perchlorate into Chloride Valentine A. Nzengung, Chuhua Wang, and Greg Harvey
Green plants are capable of decontaminating water contaminated with perchlorate.
1479 Complete Reduction of TNT and Other (Poly)nitroaromatic Compounds under Iron-Reducing Subsurface Conditions Thomas B. Hofstetter, Cornelis G. Heijman, Stefan B. Haderlein, Christof Holliger, and René P. Schwarzenbach
Fe(II) bound to natural Fe(III)(hydr)oxides completely reduces (P)NACs to aromatic (poly)amines, and transformation rate constants correlate with the one-electron reduction potentials of these compounds.
1488 Iron-Mediated Remediation of RDX-Contaminated Water and Soil under Controlled Eh/pH J. Singh, S. D. Comfort, and P. J. Shea
This study presents the effectiveness of zero-valent iron to remediate RDX-contaminated water and soil under controlled Eh/pH conditions.
• 1495 Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process Techniques to Streamlined Life-Cycle Analysis of Two Anodizing Processes Patrick Eagan and Laurence Weinberg
The utility of Analytic Hierarchy Process when applied to the streamlined life-cycle assessment of two manufacturing processes is demonstrated.
Environmental Modeling 1501 Application of a Kinetic Model of Bioaccumulation Across a pH and Salinity Gradient for the Prediction of Cadmium Uptake by the Sediment Dwelling Chironomidae Leah I. Bendell-Young
A kinetic model for the prediction of metal concentrations in aquatic organisms is applied for the prediction of cadmium concentrations in the sediment-dwelling Chironomidae.
1509 Back-Trajectory Analysis of Atmospheric Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations over Lake Superior
Electrochemical Oxidation of Chlorinated Phenols James D. Rodgers, Wojciech Jedral, and Nigel J. Bunce This paper addresses the problem of anode fouling in the context of developing electrochemical technology for treatment of chlori nated phenols in aqueous systems.
A new method for back-trajectory analyses of compounds undergoing temperature-dependent surface exchange is applied to atmospheric PCB concentrations measured near Lake Superior.
1458
1516
Adapting the Self-Cycling Fermentor to Anoxic Conditions Wayne A. Brown, David G. Cooper, and Steven N. Liss The self-cycling fermentor was applied to anoxic conditions us ing a novel characteristic of the transient oxidation reduction potential.
Evidence for the Use of Organic Carbon as the Sorbing Matrix in the Modeling of PCB Accumulation in Phytoplankton
S. Subhash, R. E. Honrath, and J. D. W. Kahl
R. S. Skoglund and D. L Swackhamer
Organic carbon fraction rather than lipid fraction or dry weight is shown to be the optimal normalization parameter in modeling PCB bioaccumulation in phytoplankton assemblages.
• Supporting Information is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.
1 8 4 A • MAY 1, 1999 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS
Environmental Measurements Methods
Communications
1520
1538
Evaluation of an ELISA Kit for the Monitoring of Microcystins (Cyanobacterial Toxins) in Water and Algae Environmental Samples Corinne Rivasseau, Pascale Racaud, Alain Deggin,andMarie-Claire Hennion A commercial ELISA kit is evaluated and validated which allows determination of microcystins with detection limits of 0.1 ug/L in drinking water and 0.2 ug/L in various surface waters.
Aggregate Structures of Sorbed Humic Substances Observed in Aqueous Solution P. A. Maurice and K. Namjesnik-Dejanovic Nanometer-scale, in-solution atomic force microscopy is used to determine directly the physical forms and shapes of humic substances adsorbed to mineral surfaces.
1528 Reactions of Vinyl Chloride and Methanol in a Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer during VOC Analysis Liangqiao Bian, Earl G. Alley, and Bert C. Lynn, Jr. A reaction between vinyl chloride and methanol was observed during VOC analysis on a GC/MS resulting in loss of the ions mlz 62 and 64 and production of mlz 58.
1542 Method for Commercial Aircraft Nitric Oxide Emission Measurements Peter J. Popp, Gary A. Bishop, and Donald H. Stedman A remote sensor developed for measuring automobile emissions is adapted for the measurement of NO emission indices from commercial aircraft on the ground.
1534 Performance Evaluation Soil Samples for Volatile Organic Compounds Utilizing Solvent Encapsulation Technology James Dahlgran and Curt Thies A novel method for preparation of single blind, whole soil samples to be utilized as performance evaluation standards containing volatile organic constituents.
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NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Fourth Edition Malcolm W. Chase, Jr., Editor This latest edition of the NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables gathers in one resource new and meticulously revised key temperature-dependent thermochemical properties including heat capacity, enthalpy, entropy, / Gibbs' energy function, enthalpy of formation, Gibbs/ffree) energy of formation, transition data, fusion data, vaporization data, sublimation data, and the logarithm of trie equilibrium constant of formation for over 47 elements and their associated compounds. These 1800+ tabtes cover the crystal, liquid, or ideal gas states for single/and multi phases of many inorganic substances and/prgaoic substances with one or two carbon atofnsl,. K/ A NIST-JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Fourth Edition, Parts I and II Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data Monograph No. 9 (Part I and Part II) 1952 pages, August 1998, Hardcover ISBN: 1-56396-831-2
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