1636
RESEARCH
Metal Accumulation by Aquacultured Seedlings of Indian Mustard David E. Salt, Ingrid J. Pickering, Roger C. Prince, Deloressa Gleba, Slavik Dushenkov, Robert D. Smith, and llya Raskin
1581 Modeling the Desorption of Organic Contaminants from Long-Term Contaminated Soil Using Distributed Mass Transfer Rates
Aquacultured seedlings of Indian mustard provide a novel biological matrix for the removal of toxic metals from water.
Teresa B. Culver, Stephen P. Hallisey, Dipak Sahoo, James J. Deitsch, and James A. Smith
1645
A transport model, including a distribution of contaminant mass-transfer rates, is developed and utilized to model des orption from long-term contaminated soil.
Characterizing Gas-Water Interfacial and Bulk-Water Partitioning for Gas-Phase Transport of Organic Contaminants in Unsaturated Porous Media Mark L Brusseau, Jarmila Popovičová, and Jeff A. K. Silva
1589 Dynamic Model for Assessing 222Rn and Progeny Exposure from Showering with Radon-Bearing Water V. K. Datye, P. K. Hopke, B. Fitzgerald, and T. M. Raunemaa
A dynamic room model is developed to examine the exposure to and dose from airborne radioactivity in indoor air with rapidly changing 222Rn concentration.
Phase-selective water partitioning tracers for characterizing the contribution of interfacial and bulk-water partitioning to retardation of gas-phase contaminants in unsaturated porous media is examined.
1650 Impacts of Flow Restrictions on Salt Marshes: An Instance of Acidification
1597
Shimon C. Anisfeld and Gaboury Benoit
Kinetics of Trace Element Complexation with Suspended Matter and with Filterable Ligands in Freshwater
A salt marsh with restricted tidal flow is subject to acidifica tion, trace metal mobilization, and high nutrient levels from air entry into previously anoxic sediments.
Jean-Marie Garnier, Mai Khanh Pham, Philippe Ciffroy, and Jean-Marie Martin
Trace elements freshly introduced under ionic species in freshwater appear fastly linked to distinct and specific filter able ligands.
1607 Effects of Chlorophenols and Nitrophenols on the Kinetics of Propionate Degradation in Sulfate-Reducing Anaerobic Systems Vikas Uberoi and Sanjoy K. Bhattacharya
the extent and position of substitution on benzene ring.
1658 Ultratrace Determination of Atrazine and Its Six Major Degradation Products in Water by Solid-Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray/Mass Spectrometry Antonio Di Corcia, Carlo Crescenzi, Ettore Guerriero, and Roberto Samperi
A method enabling determination of atrazine and its degra dation products at ng/L levels in aqueous environmental samples with detection in full-scan and SIM modes is
1664 Divalent Metal Ion-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Phosphorothionate Ester Pesticides and Their Corresponding Oxonates
1615 Evaluation of Thermal Effects on the Dissolution of a Nonaqueous Phase Liquid in Porous Media
Jean M. Smolen and Alan T. Stone
Paul T. Imhoff, Angela Frizzell, and Cass T. Miller
The ability of CoII, NiII, CuII, ZnII, and PbII to catalyze pesticide hydrolysis provides information about reaction mechanisms.
Hot water flushing of a porous medium contaminated with residual tetrachloroethylene (PCE) elucidated the effect of aqueous-phase properties on PCE/water mass transfer.
1674
• 1623
Thermodynamics of Extraction of Copper(ll) from Aqueous Solutions by Chelation in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Gaseous Exchange of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons across the Air-Water Interface of Southern Chesapeake Bay
Jennifer M. Murphy and Can Erkey
Kurt E. Gustafson and Rebecca M. Dickhut
Gaseous fluxes of PAHs across the air-water interface of southern Chesapeake Bay are determined for urban and rural sites over a seasonal cycle.
A combined reaction/phase equilibria thermodynamic model is utilized for prediction of extraction efficiencies of copper from aqueous solutions by chelation in supercritical carbon
• 1680
1630
Chloramines V: Products and Implications of the Chlorination of Lysine in Municipal Wastewaters
Binding of Pyrene to Aquatic and Commercial Humic Substances: The Role of Molecular Weight and Aromaticity
Barbara Conyers and Frank E. Scully, Jr.
A study of the chlorination of lysine in wastewater identified new long-lived chloramine byproducts.
Yu-Ping Chin, George R. Aiken, and Karlin M. Danielsen
The magnitude of pyrene-humic material binding coefficients correlated strongly with the substrates' molecular weights and carbon composition.
VOL. 31, NO. 6, 1997/ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS » 2 5 5 A
1686 A Distributed Reactivity Model for Sorption by Soils and Sediments. 6. Mechanistic Implications of Desorption under Supercritical Fluid Conditions Walter J. Weber, Jr. and Thomas M. Young
Isotherms for phenanthrene desorption from five dry soils in supercritical carbon dioxide are reported as functions of soil characteristics, temperature, and pressure.
1692 A Distributed Reactivity Model for Sorption by Soils and Sediments. 7. Enthalpy and Polarity Effects on Desorption under Supercritical Fluid Conditions Thomas M. Young and Walter J. Weber, Jr.
Enthalpy calculations and the effects of methanol addition on phenanthrene desorption from soils in supercritical carbon dioxide are used to infer desorption mechanisms.
1697 A Distributed Reactivity Model for Sorption by Soils and Sediments. 8. Sorbent Organic Domains: Discovery of a Humic Acid Glass Transition and an Argument for a Polymer-Based Model Eugene J. LeBoeuf and Walter J. Weber, Jr.
An experimental link between the sorption behavior of soil organic matter and synthetic polymers is established, and a mechanistically-based limiting case of the DRM is advanced.
1703 A Distributed Reactivity Model for Sorption by Soils and Sediments. 9. General Isotherm Nonlinearity and Applicability of the Dual Reactive Domain Model Weilin Huang, Thomas M. Young, Mark A. Schlautman, Hong Yu, and Walter J. Weber, Jr.
Sorption isotherms measured for 27 soil and sediment samples reveal nonlinearity in every case and are shown to conform to the Dual Reactive Domain Model.
1711 Electrodialytic Remediation of Soil Polluted with Copper from Wood Preservation Industry Lisbeth M. Ottosen, Henrik K. Hansen, Søren Laursen, and Arne Villumsen
Electrodialytic remediation is a new method for removal of heavy metals from soil; laboratory experiments on Cu removal from a loamy sand gave promising results.
1716 Modeling the Elimination of Mercury by Fish Marc Trudel and Joseph B. Rasmussen
An empirical model of methylmercury elimination from the slow compartment of fish useful for mass balance analysis of field populations is reported.
1723 Soil Retention of Trifluoroacetate D. G. Riehey, C. T. Driscoll, and G. E. Likens
A batch equilibrium study is conducted to evaluate the sorption of trifluoroacetate on a variety of soils.
1728 Effect of Hydrogen on Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Ethenes
1735 Sorption of Nonionic Surfactants on Sediment Materials Bruce J. Brownawell, Hua Chen, Wanjia Zhang, and John C. Westall
Sorption of pure alkyl ethers (AE) of poly(ethylene glycol) to sediment materials is described as a function of AE structure, solution composition, and sediment properties.
1742 Radon Entry into Buildings Driven by Atmospheric Pressure Fluctuations Allen L Robinson and Richard G. Sextro
Measurements of radon entry made using an experimental basement illustrate the importance of atmospheric pressure fluctuations as a mechanism for driving radon entry into houses.
1749 Reductive Dechlorination of 1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin and Its Products by Anaerobic Mixed Cultures from Saale River Sediment Hendrik Ballerstedt, Angelika Kraus, and Ute Lechner
The microbially catalyzed dechlorination of 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in a primary enrichment culture proceeds via 1,2,4-trichloro- to 1,3-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, according to thermodynamic predictions.
• 1754 Photoisomerization Kinetics of Stilbene-Type Fluorescent Whitening Agents Silvio Canonica, Johannes B. Kramer, Daniel Reiss, and Hansruedi Gygax
Irradiation conditions and temperature affect the photoi somerization of fluorescent whitening agents in sunlit natural waters.
• 1761 Oxyanion Behavior in Alkaline Environments: Sorption and Desorption of Arsenate in Ettringite Satish C. B. Myneni, Samuel J. Traina, Terry J. Logan, and Glenn A. Waychunas
Arsenate sorption by ettringite in alkaline materials is evalu ated, and inferences on solid-phase As(V) speciation are proposed using direct physical methods and bond valence estimates. 1769 Crude Oil Hydrocarbon Bioremediation and Soil Ecotoxicity Assessment Joseph P. Salanitro, Philip B. Dorn, Michael H. Huesemann, Keith O. Moore, lleana A. Rhodes, Lesa M. Rice Jackson, Tim E. Vipond, Margaret M. Western, and Halina L. Wisniewski
The effects of petroleum oil bioremediation of ecotoxicity and hydrocarbon leachability was evaluated in sandy loam soils of low and high organic carbon content.
1777 Patterns and Sources of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-jv-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Sediments from the Venice Lagoon, Italy Elena Fattore, Emilio Benfenati, Giulio Mariani, Roberto Fanelli, and Erik H. G. Evers
PCA and RDA, two chemometric techniques, are utilized to investiage the origins of PCDD/F in the Venice Lagoon.
Bhaskar S. Ballapragada, H. David Stensel, J. A. Puhakka, and John F. Ferguson
Anaerobic chloroethene dechlorination follows MichaelisMenten kinetics with respect to H2 partial pressure, and the half-velocity constants range from 12 to 28 ppm.
2 5 6 A • VOL. 31, NO. 6, 1997 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS
1785
1817
Effect of Hydrochloric Acid on Sampling and Analysis of Semivolatile Organic Compounds in Incineration Flue Gas. 3. Chlorobenzenes and Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Tropospheric Degradation Products of Novel Hydrofluoropolyethers
Liang K. Tan and Albert J. Liem
CI atom-initiated photooxidations of C3-C5 hydrofluoropolyethers [HCF2O(CF2CF2O)m(CF2O)„CF2H] indicate that C(O)F2 will essentially be the only C-containing primary product of their tropospheric degradation.
Hydrochloric acid in flue gas affects MM5 sampling and analysis of di-, tri-, and tetrachlorobenzenes; however, it does not affect other congeners/isomers of chlorobenzenes and PCBs.
Ernesto C. Tuazon
1794
• 1822
Applicability of Capillary Electrophoresis with Amperometric Detection to Study Degradation of Chlorophenols in Contaminated Soil Abdelkader Hilmi, John H. T. Luong, and An-Lac Nguyen
Experimental Assessment of the Short- and Long-Term Effects of 222Rn from Domestic Shower Water on the Dose Burden Incurred in Normally Occupied Homes
An amperometric detector is designed and used with capillary electrophoresis to determine pentachlorophenol content of soils and to monitor photodegradation of chlorophenols in water and soil.
The dose from the short-term effects of showering with 222 Rn-laden water is found to be small as compared with dose from the general increased airborne 222Rn from water use.
B. Fitzgerald, P. K. Hopke, V. Datye, T. Raunemaa, and K. Kuuspalo
1801
Communications
Thermal Lifetimes of Peroxynitrates Occurring in the Atmospheric Degradation of Oxygenated Fuel Additives F. Kirchner, L P. Thüner, I. Barnes, K. H. Becker, B. Donner, and F. Zabel
FTIR study of the thermal stability of methoxymethyl peroxynitrate, methoxyformyl peroxynitrate, and fert-butoxyformyl formed during the atmospheric degradation of dialkyl ethers used as fuel additives.
1805 Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans: Gas-Phase Hydroxyl Radical Reactions and Related Atmospheric Removal W. Wayne Brubaker, Jr. and Ronald A. Hites
1830 A Large Gas-Phase Stripping Device to Investigate Rates of PAH Evaporation from Airborne Diesel Soot Particles Richard M. Kamens and Dana L. Coe
Fluorene and phenanthrene semivolatile mass can off-gas from fresh diesel soot particles in a few seconds, which has PAH gas-particle equilibrium and denuder sampling implications.
1834 36
Atmospheric removal of dioxins and furans is due to a combination of gas-phase OH reactions and particle-phase deposition processes.
1811
Cl and 129l in the Yenisei, Kolyma, and Mackenzie Rivers
T. M. Beasley, L. W. Cooper, J. M. Grebmeier, L R. Kilius, and H.-A. Synal
Measurements of 36C1 and 129I in the Yenisei River show no impact of subsurface, high-level radioactive waste disposal in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk-26.
Temporal and Spatial Trends in a Long-Term Study of Gas-Phase PCB Concentrations near the Great Lakes Barbara R. Hillery, Nora Basu, Clyde W. Sweet, and Ronald A. Hites
Atmospheric concentrations of PCBs remain unchanged as a function of time near Lake Superior but decline with a 6-yr environmental half-life near Lakes Michigan and Erie.
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VOL. 31, NO. 6, 1997 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS • 2 5 7 A
