ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Research Section: Table of Contents 1797 Global Mass Balance for Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans
Inorganic and methylmercury accumulate in microalgae by diffusion of their neutral chlorocomplexes, but methylmercury is assimilated four times more efficiently by herbivores.
1882 Transformation of Carbon Tetrachloride by Reduced Vitamin B12 in Aqueous Cysteine Solution
Louis P. Brzuzy and Ronald A. Hites
Pei-Chun Chiu and Martin Reinhard
The deposition of PCDD/F from the atmosphere to the earth's surface is about 13 000 kg/yr; this is roughly four times the estimated emissions from known sources.
The kinetics and mechanism of the reductive transformation of CC14, including the rate-limiting step, the reactive B12 species, and the B12 deactivation, art investigated.
1805 Humic Substances Considered as a Heterogeneous Donnan Gel Phase M. F. Benedetti, W. H. Van Riemsdijk, and L. K. Koopal
A Donnan model in combination with a site-binding model is applied to interpret proton binding to humic substances as a fiinction of pH at different salt levels.
1814 Export of Cadmium and Phytochelatin by the Marine Diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii Jennifer G. Lee
At high cadmium concentrations, the marine diatom Thalassiosim weissflogii regulates cellular cadmium concentrations by exporting cadmium and the metal-binding polypeptide phytochelatin.
1846 Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy for the Determination of Atrazine in Natural Water Samples C. Mouvet, L. Amalric, S. Broussard, G. Lang, A. Brecht, and G. Gauglitz
The developed biosensor enables automated detection of 0.35 ug/L atrazine within 15 min, requires no sample cleanup or preconcentration, and can be used for natural surface waters and groundwaters.
1852 Physicochemical Transport Processes Affecting the Removal of Residual DNAPL by Nonionic Surfactant Solutions Itaru Okuda, John F. McBride, Simon N. Gleyzer, and Cass T. Miller
Macroemulsion transport is shown to be an important physicochemical transport process for surfactant-enhanced remediation of porous media contaminated with DNAPL.
1861 1822 Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Atrazine and Polar Metabolites from Sediments Followed by Confirmation with LC-MS S. Papilloud, W. Haerdi, S. Chiron, and D. Barceló
The atrazine determined in sediment by SFE-LC/MS shows a decrease in extractibility with time and metabolization into hydroxyatrazine, successfully extracted by SFE method.
1827 Role of Sulfur in Reducing PCDD and PCDF Formation K. Raghunathan
Pilot-scale research shows that sulfur inhibits PCDD and PCDF formation in a simulated municipal waste combustion environment.
1835 Uptake, Toxicity, and Trophic Transfer of Mercury in a Coastal Diatom Robert P. Mason, John R. Reinfelder, and François M. M. Morel
Field Estimates of Net Trophic Transfer of PCBs from Prey Fishes to Lake Michigan Salmonids Leland J. Jackson and Daniel E. Schindler
PCB trophic transfer efficiencies are not substantially affected by changes in prey PCB concentrations, shifts in prey type, or shifts in predator gross growth efficiency.
1866 y-Ray Destruction of PCBs in Isooctane and Transformer Oil Rod E. Arbon and Bruce J. Mincher
The radiolytic degradation of PCBs in nonpolar isooctane is more efficient than in 2-propanol and less dependent on chlorine substitution pattern.
1872 Coliform Contamination of a Coastal Embayment: Sources and Transport Pathways Peter K. Weiskel
The fecal coliform contamination of a coastal embayment is described, and the relative importance of all possible transport pathways is quantitatively compared.
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1890 Biological Dechlorination of Model Organochlorine Compounds in Bleached Kraft Mill Effluents Ying Zheng and D. Grant Allen
Biological dechlorination of organochlorine structures formed duirng die bleaching of kraft pulp with chlorine dioxide is evaluated using four model compounds.
1896 Thermal Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism of PCDF, PCDD, and PCB Parent Compounds and Activated Carbon on Silica Marina Lasagni, Elena Collina, Massimo Tettamanti, and Demetrio Pitea
The thermal reaction kinetics of dibenzofuran, dibenzo-p-dioxin, biphenyl, a n activated carbon, supported on silica gel is controlled by a surface reaction at lower temperatures and diffusion limited at higher temperatures.
1902 Competitive Binding of Protons, Calcium, Cadmium, and Zinc to Isolated Cell Walls of a Gram-Positive Soil Bacterium Alexandra C. C. Plette, Marc F. Benedetti, and Willem H. van Riemsdijk
The chemical binding of bivalent ions affects the cell wall structure and may lead to a positive charge at common calcium concentrations.
1911 Settling Velocities of Fractal Aggregates Clifford P. Johnson, Xiaoyan Li, and Bruce E. Logan
The fractal structure of highly porous aggregates results in settling velocities 4-8.3 times higher than predicted by Stokes' law for impermeable spheres.
1919
1961
2004
Experimental Determination of Molar Absorptivities and Quantum Yields for Individual Complexes of a Labile Metal in Dilute Solution
Sorption of Chlorophenols to Wood Pulp Steven J. Severtson and Sujit Banerjee
Predicting Epilimnetic Phosphorus Concentrations Using an Improved Diatom-Based Transfer Function and Its Application to Lake Eutrophication Management Helen Bennion, Stephen Juggins, and N. John Anderson
Bruce C. Faust
Methods are developed to determine molar absorptivities and quantum yields of each individual complex of a metal-ligand system at low metal concentrations.
1923 Isolation of Marine Sediment Colloids and Associated Polychlorinated Biphenyls: An Evaluation of Ultrafiltration and Reverse-Phase Chromatography Robert M. Burgess
Reverse-phase chromatography proves more useful for deriving empirical colloidal partitioning coefficients for PCBs present in marine sediment interstitial waters.
1933 Electrokinetic Remediation of Mercury-Contaminated Soils Using Iodine/Iodide Lixiviant Chris D. Cox, Matthew A. Shoesmith, and Mriganka M. Ghosh
The use of a lixiviant to enhance the solubility and electrokinetic transport of mercury in contaminated soils is discussed.
1939
Retention of chlorophenols by pulped wood fibers is dominated by the hydrophobically driven sorption of the neutral form of these compounds to the fiber's lignin phase.
1970 Competition of Al3+ in Complexation of Humic Matter with Pb2+: A Comparative Study with Other Ions A. M. Mota, A. Rato, C. Brazia, and M. L Simó es Gonçalves
Humic matter presents a high affinity to bind lead ions, but complexation is affected by the presence of Al3+, which might have severe consequences in the bioavailability of lead in gibbsite soils.
1975 Oxidation Kinetics of Co(ll)-EDTA in Aqueous and Semi-Aqueous Goethite Suspensions Yuan Xue and Samuel J. Traina
Oxidation kinetics of the contaminant Co(II)-EDTA to Co(III)-EDTA in DOE waste lands by 0 2 as surface catalyzed by goethite is determined.
1982 TCE Remediation Using In Situ, Resting-State Bioaugmentation A. G. Duba, K. J. Jackson, M. C. Jovanovich, R. B. Knapp, and R. T. Taylor
Technique for Monitoring Toxic VOCs in Air: Sorbent Preconcentration, Closed-Cycle Cooler Cryofocusing, and GC/MS Analysis Karen D. Oliver, Jeffrey R. Adams, and E. Hunter Daughtrey, Jr.
A field test of an in situ biofilter using resting-state cells demonstrates reduction of TCE concentrations from 425 to less than 10 ppb.
An automated GC/MS system designed to collect and analyze both nonpolar and polar VOCs in ambient air is evaluated.
Reactions at Oxide Surfaces. 2. Oxidation of Se(IV) by Synthetic Birnessite Michael J. Scott and James J. Morgan
1946 Henry's Law Constant, Volatilization Rate, and Aquatic Half-Life of Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Jerry L. Hamelink
Experimental determinations are made for Henry's law constant, the volatilization rate, and the aquatic half-life of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane.
1953 Diel Variation of Trace Metals in the Upper Clark Fork River, Montana Christine M. Brick and Johnnie N. Moore
Diel cycles in dissolved Mn and Zn and acid-soluble particulate Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn are found in a river with trace metals stored in bed and flood plain sediments.
1990
The rates and mechanisms of the reactions between aqueous Se(IV) and synthetic birnessite (8-Mn02) particles are studied.
1997 Oxidation of Methanol over a Palladium Monolithic Automotive Catalyst Kevin A. Frankel, Tyson M. Mew, Phooi K. Lim, and George W. Roberts
The emissions from a catalyst fed with simulated exhaust from a methanolfueled engine are reported for a range of operating conditions of practical interest.
An improved diatom transfer function is developed using WAPLS techniques, which can reconstruct P concentrations for lakes in northwest Europe.
2008 Laboratory Study of CINO: Hydrolysis Rune S. Karlsson and Evert B. Ljungström
Gas-phase hydrolysis of nitrosyl chloride is shown to be a slow process in comparison to photolysis.
2014 TiO2-Photocatalyzed Oxidative Degradation of CH3CN, CH3OH, C2HCI3, and CH2CI2 Supplied as Vapors and in Aqueous Solution under Similar Conditions Norman N. Lichtin and Muthusami Avudaithai
Although chemical dynamics differ among die compounds and between vapor and solution reactions, photoefficiency of removal is much higher for all the vapors than for corresponding solutions.
2021 Optimization of an Aerobic Polishing Stage To Complete the Anaerobic Treatment of Munitions-Contaminated Soils Deborah J. Roberts, Farrukh Ahmad, and Suhasini Pendharkar
The addition of external carbon to munitions-contaminated soils was optimized, and an aerobic stage was added to remove excess carbon after treatment
2027 Modeling Oligotrophic Biofilm Formation and Lead Adsorption to Biofilm Components Yarrow M. Nelson and Leonard W. Lion
Models for bacterial cell growth, attachment, and extracellular polymer production are combined with adsorption isotherms and a chemical speciation program to describe lead distribution in a biofilm reactor.
2036 Carbonyl Products of the Gas Phase Reaction of Ozone with Symmetrical Alkenes Eric Grosjean and Daniel Grosjean
VOL. 30, NO. 6, 1996 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS • 2 6 5 A
RESEARCH CONTINUED Gas-phase reaction of symmetrical alkenes with ozone under atmospheric conditions is consistent with 0 3 + alkene —> 1.0 carbonyl + 1.0 biradical, followed by biradical -» carbonyls + other products.
2045 Enhancement of Trichloroethylene Degradation in Aquifer Microcosms Bioaugmented with Wild Type and Genetically Altered Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) cepacia G4 and PR1 Junko Munakata-Marr, Perry L. McCarty, Malcolm S. Shields, Michael Reagin, and Stephen C. Francesconi
Aquifer microcosm studies demonstrate enhancement of indigenous trichloroethylene cometabolism through bioaugmentation with Burkholderia cepacia G4 and mutant derivatives PR123 and 301.
2053 Abiotic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium: Key Role of Green Rust Hans Chr. B. Hansen, Christian B. Koch, Hanne Nancke-Krogh, Ole K. Borggaard, and Jan Sørensen
The inorganic reduction of N03~ to NH4+ at slightly alkaline conditions is found to be accomplished by green rust [Fe'^Fe'^tOH) 12S04-yH20].
A three-phase system is described that allows for the biodegradation by microorganisms of toxic constitutents of nonaqueous liquids.
Microbial reductive dechlorination reduces or eliminates the inhibitory effects of commercial PCB mixtures on mouse gamete fertilization in vitro.
2071
2093
On-Line Preconcentration and Gas Chromatographic Determination of N-Methylcarbamates and Their Degradation Products in Aqueous Samples Evaristo Ballesteros, Mercedes Gallego, and Miguel Valcarcel
Trace Metal Assessment of Lake Michigan Tributaries Using Low-Level Techniques James P. Hurley, Martin M. Shafer, Susan E. Cowell, J. T. Overdier, Peter E. Hughes, and David E. Armstrong
An on-line coupling of solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/FID for the determination of iV-methylcarbamates and their phenolic degradation products is proposed.
Ultraclean sampling and analyses of trace metals in 11 Lake Michigan tributaries reveal major differences in aqueous-phase concentration and partitioning behavior.
2099 2078 Chlorine Penetration into Artificial Biofilm Is Limited by a Reaction-Diffusion Interaction Xiao Chen and Philip S. Stewart
Slow penetration of chlorine into microbial biofilms is investigated and modeled.
2084 Anaerobic Mineralization of Vinyl Chloride in Fe(lll)-Reducing, Aquifer Sediments
Field Extraction of a Transient Intermediary Metabolite Indicative of Real Time in Situ Naphthalene Biodegradation Mark S. Wilson and Eugene L. Madsen
Trapping a transient metabolite in carefully-handled contaminated waters serves to document that biodegradation was in progress at the moment field samples were gathered.
Correction
2057
Paul M. Bradley and Francis H. Chapelle
2104
Effect of Adsorption on the Biodegradation of Nitrilotriacetate by
Microorganisms indigenous to two contaminated, anaerobic aquifer systems significantly mineralized [l,2-14C]vinyl chloride to 14 C0 2 under Fe(III)-reducing conditions.
Micellar Solubilization of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coal Tar-Contaminated Soils Ick Tae Yeom, Mriganka M. Ghosh, Chris D. Cox, and Kevin G. Robinson
Chelatobacter heintzii Harvey Bolton, Jr. and Don C. Girvin
The adsorption-desorption of 60CoNTA at pH 7 and NTA at pH 6 and 8 from gibbsite and its degradation by Chelatobacter heintzii was experimentally determined and modeled.
2066 Mitigating Toxicity To Permit Bioremediation of Constituents of Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids
Communications 2087 Microbial Dechlorination Alleviates Inhibitory Effects of PCBs on Mouse Gamete Fertilization in Vitro Mahmoud A. Mousa, John F. Quensen III, Karen Chou, and Stephen A. Boyd
B. K. Robertson and Martin Alexander
2 6 6 A • VOL. 30, NO. 6, 1996 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS
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