RESEARCH CONTINUED A method is described for separating the VOC fraction from ambient air samples for )4C measure ments. 1106 Effects of Fulvic Acid on Fe(ll) Oxidation by Hydro gen Peroxide Bettina M. Voelker and Bar bara Sulzberger
The role of Fenton's reac tion in an iron redox cy cle resulting in the cata lyzed oxidation of humic substances is examined. 1115 Bacterial Transformation of Pyrene in a Marine Environment Xing-Fang Li, Xiao-Chun Le, Christopher D. Simpson, Wil liam R. Cullen, and Kenneth J. Reimer
Sonochemical decompo sition of various hydroxybenzoic and humic acids in aqueous media under air or argon atmosphere is examined. 1139 Monitoring Crude Oil Mineralization in Salt Marshes: Use of Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios Andrew W. Jackson
Crude oil mineralization is monitored in labora tory and field experi ments by measuring total C0 2 production and sta ble carbon isotope ratios. 1145 Reactions of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Soil Soheila Karimi-Lotfabad, Michael A. Pickard, and Murray R. Gray
1180 Biodehalogenation: Oxi dative and Hydrolytic Pathways in the Transfor mations of Acetonitrile, Chloroacetonitrile, Chlo roacetic Acid, and Chlo roacetamide by Methylo sinus trichosporium OB-3b Charles E. Castro, Stephen K. O'Shea, Wen Wang, and
A soil methylotroph rap idly metabolizes acetoni trile and chloroacetoni trile to bicarbonate. 1185 13 C-NMR Reactivity Probes for the Environ ment Charles E. Castro, Stephen K. O'Shea, Wen Wang, and Eleanor W. Bartnicki l:i C-Labeled chloroacetic acid, chloroacetamide, and chloroacetonitrile are successfully tested as site reactivity probes.
A key metabolite of dioxygenase-mediated trans formation of pyrene is separated from marine sediment and pore water samples.
Loss of PAHs in dry soils, with 0-4% moisture con tent, was due to reaction to form higher molecular weight compounds.
1120 Stable Carbon Isotope Evidence of Biodegrada tion Zonation in a Shal low Jet-Fuel Contami nated Aquifer
1152 Denitrification and Nitro gen Transport in a Coastal Aquifer Receiving Wastewater Discharge Leslie A. DeSimone
James E. Landmeyer, Don A. Vroblesky, and Francis H. Chapelle
Denitrification is quanti fied in a coastal aquifer using five field-scale and laboratory approaches, and its role in nitrogen transport is evaluated.
Nitroaromatic com pounds are shown to be photoreduced in the presence of alkaline so dium borhydride.
1163 Air Quality Predictions of the Urban Airshed Model Containing Improved Ad vection and Chemistry Algorithms Sandra L. Winkler and David P. Chock
1198 Modeling of Ion-Ex change Reactions on Metal Oxides with the Frumkin Isotherm. 1. AcidBase and Charge Charac teristics of MnO2, TiO2, Fe3O4, and Al2O3 Surfaces and Adsorption Affinity of Alkali Metal Ions
Measurements of 8,3C in dissolved inorganic carbon show that jet-fuel biodegradation under different terminal elec tron-accepting processes is infuenced by electronacceptor availability. 1129 Bacterial Desulfonation of the Ethanesulfonate Metabolite of the Chloroacetanilide Herbicide Metazachlor Heike Laue,'Jennifer A. Field, and Alasdair M. Cook
Under conditions of star vation for sulfur, we ob serve quantitative bacte rial desulfonation of a herbicide metabolite. 1133 Decomposition of Hy droxybenzoic and Humic Acids in Water by Ultra sonic Irradiation Yoshio Nagata, Kyozo Hirai, Hiroshi Bandow, and Yasuaki Maeda
Improving the advection algorithm and the chem istry solver in the Urban Airshed Model may lower the predicted peak ozone concentration signifi cantly. 1176 Electrokinetic Movement of Settled Spherical Par ticles in Fine Capillaries Cheng-Chueh Kuo and Kyria kos D. Papadopoulos
The movement of parti cles inside fine capillaries shows how particles may be transported in soil remediation schemes.
1 4 2 A • VOL. 30, NO. 4, 1996 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS
1192 Borohydride Photoreduc tion of Nitroaromatic Compounds Related to Military Ordnance Con stituents Richard A. Larson, Penney L Miller, and Thomas O. Crow ley
Hiroki Tamura, Noriaki Katayama, and Ryusaburo Furuichi
Ion-exchange properties of metal oxides and ad sorption affinity of alkali metal ions are modeled and characterized with the Frumkin isotherm. 1205 Reversible Sorption and Irreversible Binding of Naphthalene and α-Naphthol to Soil: Elu cidation of Processes William D. Burgos, John T. Novak, and Duane F. Berry
The extent that biologi cally-mediated and sur face-catalyzed oxidative coupling contributed to covalent bond formation between a-naphthol and soil organic matter is presented. 1212 Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water by Solid Phase Microextraction and In frared Spectroscopy Daniel L. Heglund and David C. Tilotta
A simple and sensitive method is presented for determining volatile or ganic compounds in wa ter. 1220 Soil Component Interac tions with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid un der Supercritical Fluid Conditions E. A. Rochette, J. B. Harsh, and H. H. Hill, Jr.
Extraction of 2,4-D from model soil components with supercritical C0 2 indicates that pH buffer ing and diffusion limita tions imparted by or ganic matter limit 2,4-D extraction from soils. 1227 Modeling and Risk As sessment of Tributyltin Accumulation in the Food Web of a Shallow Fresh water Lake Theo P. Traas, Joan A. Stab, P. Roel G. Kramer, Wim P. Cofino, and Tom Aldenberg
A dynamic model for fate and bioaccumulation of tributyltin in a freshwater ecosystem predicts that ecological risks continue many years after load reduction. 1238 Significance of Bacteria in Marine Waters for the Distribution of Hydropho bic Organic Contaminants Dag Broman, Carina NäT, Johan Axelman, Cecilia Bandh, Harald Pettersen, Ron Johnstone, and Petra Wallberg
The bacterial fraction (0.2-2 pm) and the larger particulate fraction (2-90 pm) were sampled in the Baltic Sea and analyzed for PAHs and PCBs.
1242 Pilot Study of Radon Volatilization from Showers with Implications for Dose Nicholas J. Giardino and John P. Hageman
This pilot study indicates that volatilization from showers can contribute significantly to residential indoor radon air concentrations. 1245 Rotating Disk Electrode Voltammetry for Studying Kinetics of Metal Complex Dissociation in Model Solutions and Snow Samples C. L. Chakrabarti, Jianguo Cheng, and Wai Fai Lee
The applicability of rotating disk electrode voltammetry for determining dissociation rate constants is examined. 1253 Pathway and Rate of Chlorophenol Transformation in Anaerobic Estua rine Sediment Shigeki Masunaga, Sridhar Susarla, Jennifer L. Gun dersen, and Yoshitaka Yonez awa
The kinetics and pathways of chlorophenol transformations in an anaerobic sediment are examined, and the contributions of each pathway are estimated. 1261 Novel Cyclic Process Mediated by Copper Oxides Active in the Degradation of Nitrophenols: Implications for the Natural Cycle J. Bandara, J. Kiwi, C. Pulga rin, P. Peringer, G.-M. Pajonk, A. Elaloui, and P. Albers
CuO aerogel (20 m2/g) is efficient in catalytically mediating the degradation of a variety of nitrophenols under light. 1268 Uranium Series Disequilibrium and High Thorium and Radium Enrichments in Karst Formations H. R. von Gunten, H. Sur beck, and E. Rbssler
Continuous chemical weathering of limestone fragments within the soil column causes strong radioactive disequilibria and high concentrations of2:,0Th, 226Ra, and 222 Rn in Karst regions.
Association constants are determined for LAS and several dissolved humic substances using fluorescence quenching, ultracentrifugation, and bioavailability to the fathead minnow.
1275 Effects of Adsorbents Used as Supports for Titanium Dioxide Loading on Photocatalytic Degradation of Propyzamide
1310 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Composition and Potential Sources for Sediment Samples from the Beaufort and Barents Seas
Tsukasa Torimoto, Shigeyoshi Ito, Susumu Kuwabata, and Hiroshi Yoneyama
Reaction rate of photoinduced mineralization of propyzamide, a typical herbicide, with the Ti02 photocatalyst is greatly enhanced by loading Ti02 particles on adsorbents. 1282 Biodegradation of Naphthalene from Coal Tar and Heptamethylnonane in Mixed Batch Systems Subhasis Ghoshal, Anuradha Ramaswami, and Richard G. Luthy
Results from experiments with NAPL-water systems demonstrate that microorganisms can deplete a significant mass of naphthalene. 1292 Noble Metal Catalyzed Hydrogen Generation from Formic Acid in NitriteContaining Simulated Nuclear Waste Media R. B. King and N. K. Bhatta charyya
Studies on simulants containing the major nonradioactive components indicate that rhodium is an active catalyst for hydrogen generation from formic acid above ~80 °C in the presence of nitrite ion. 1300 Association of Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonates with Dissolved Humic Substances and Its Effect on Bioavailability Samuel J. Traina, Drew C. McAvoy, and Donald J. Ver steeg
Mark B. Yunker, Lloyd R. Snowdon, Robie W. Macdonald, John N. Smith, Mar tin G. Fowler, Donald N. Skibo, Fiona A. McLaughlin, A. I. Danyushevskaya, V. I. Petrova, and G. I. Ivanov
Arctic marine sediment PAH distributions are interpreted in terms of potential sources, transport pathways, and degree of anthropogenic contribution. 1321 Carbonyl Products of the Gas Phase Reaction of Ozone with C5-C7 Alk enes Eric Grosjean and Daniel Grosjean
Carbonyl products of the reaction of ozone with C5-C7 1-alkenes are consistent with the mechanism 0 3 + RCH=CH2 -> a(HCHO + RCHOO) + (1 -a)(RCHO + HCHOO). 1328 Influence of Viscous and Buoyancy Forces on the Mobilization of Residual Tetrachloroethylene during Surfactant Flushing Kurt D. Pennell, Gary A. Pope, and Linda M. Abriola
The onset and extent of PCE mobilization in porous media is described using a total trapping number that incorporates both viscous and buoyancy forces. 1336 Adsorption of Natural Organic Polyelectrolytes by Activated Carbon: A Size-Exclusion Chromatography Study James E. Kilduff, Tanju Karanfil, Yu-Ping Chin, and Walter J. Weber, Jr.
The adsorption by activated carbon of whole humic acid and size fractions isolated by ultrafiltration is studied using size-exclusion chromatography. 1344 Competitive Interactions among Components of Humic Acids in Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption Systems: Effects of Solution Chemistry James E. Kilduff, Tanju Karanfil, and Walter J. Weber, Jr.
The adsorption by activated carbon of whole Laurantian soil humic acid and various size fractions of polystyrene sulfonate is investigated. 1352 Extent of Reductive Dechlorination of Chloro benzoates in Anoxic Sediment Slurries Depends on the Sequence of Chlorine Removal Bernard J. van der Woude, Jan Gerritse, Rudolf A. Prins, and Jan C. Gottschal
Complete reductive dechlorination of di- and trichlorobenzoates in sediment slurries is inhibited by mefa-dechlorination. 1358 Photostability of NitroPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Combustion Soot Particles in Sunlight Zhihua Fan, Richard M. Ka mens, Jianxin Hu, Jianbo Zhang, and Stephen McDow
Nitropyrenes and fluoranthenes decay very quickly in sunlight on diesel and wood soot particles and half-lives that range from 0.5 to 1.2 h. 1365 Ambient Air Concentrations of Pesticides in California Lynton W. Baker, Donald L. Fitzell, James N. Seiber, Thomas R. Parker, Takayuki Shibamoto, Michael W. Poore, Karl E. Longley, Ruth P. Tom lin, Ralph Propper, and David W. Duncan
VOL. 30, NO. 4, 1996 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS • 1 4 3 A
Results are presented for 22 pesticides to assess general population exposure and adjacent to agricultural applications to assess short-term concentrations. 1369 UNIFAC Prediction of Aqueous and Nonaqueous Solubilities of Chemicals with Environmental Interest A. T. Kan and M. B. Tomson UNIFAC can predict the aqueous and nonaqueous solubility of a vast number of chemicals to within 0.5 log unit. 1377 Influence of Electron Donor on the Minimum Sulfate Concentration Required for Sulfate Reduction in a Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Aquifer Don A. Vroblesky, Paul M. Bradley, and Francis H. Chapelle Fluctuations in the availability of electron donor affect the competition between sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria for control of electron flow.
1382 Bioavailability of Hydrophobic Compounds Partitioned into the Micellar Phase of Nonionic Surfactants Saumyen Guha and Peter R. Jaffé The bioavailability of a hydrophobic substrate in a micellar phase is described in terms of a mass-transfer model. 1392 Effect of Chemical Product Yield Uncertainties on Reactivities of VOCs and Emissions from Reformulated Gasolines and Methanol Fuels Yueh-Jiun Yang, William R. Stockwell, and Jana B. Mil ford Previous studies of uncertainty due to rate parameters are extended to consider uncertainties in product yields.
Correspondence 1404 Comment on "Effect of Indirect Sample Preparation Procedures on the Apparent Concentration of Asbestos in Settled Dusts" Michael E. Beard 1404 Response to Comment on "Effect of Indirect Sample Preparation Procedures on the Apparent Concentration of Asbestos in Settled Dusts" R. J. Lee, T. V. Dagenhart, G. R. Dunmyre, I. M. Stewart, and D. R. Van Orden 1407 Comment on "Solubility Enhancement and Fluorescence Quenching of Pyrene by Humic Substances: The Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on Quenching Processes"
Communications
Sarah A. Green
1398 Evidence for a Decline in Atmospheric Emissions of PCDD/Fs in the U.K.
1409 Response to Comment on "Solubility Enhancement and Fluorescence Quenching of Pyrene by Humic Substance: The Effects of Dissolved Oxygen on Quenching Processes"
L-O. Kjeller, K. C. Jones, A. E. Johnston, and C. Rappe PCDD/F concentrations in herbage samples collected from a grassland plot in rural England are shown to have declined.
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1 4 4 A • VOL. 30, NO. 4, 1996 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS
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