ROOH REVIEWS heavy type and are wisely repeated as necessary rather than being replaced by references to a previous mention of the hazard. The IR and proton NMR spectra of the products are depicted. T1.C is often used, but GLC is not. A number of the experiments use phase transfer catalysis. Some of the syntheses areof common substances such asaspirin, phenacetin, and DEET. There are a couple of isolation experiments-caffeine from tea leaves and eugenol from c l o v e s b u t no experiments on kinetics, polymers, carbohydrates, or amino acids. Questions and exercises are found a t the end of each chapter. Part I11 (161 pp.) coven the qualitative analysis of the main organic functional groups. Several new classification tests utilizing phase-transfer catalysis are employed as is spectroscopic confirmation of structure. Forty-seven pages of derivative tables are in Part Ill. 1 believe the authors should have omitted the IXototization of Primary Amines (p. 542) from their procedures. Carcinogenic nitrosamines, which are not mentioned in the text, might he formed from secondary amine contaminants o r by misapplication of t h e test t o a second a r y amine. Durst and Gokel have written a first rate, modern laharatory text which gives today's safety conscious instructor a large number of experiments to chwse from and allows him to incorporate qualitative organic analysis into the laboratory without requiring purchase of an additional text. Kenneth K. Andersen University of New Hampshire D d m . NH 03824
Modem Molecular Photochemistry Nicholas J. Tuno. Benjamln/Cummings. Menlo Park. CA. 1978.628 pp. Figs. and tables. 17 X 24. $23.95. Fifteen years have elapsed since the publication of Nicholas T u r d s superb "Molecular Photochemistry" (reviewed in J. CHEM. EDUC.,43.A546. (1966)).and a wide variety of fundamental developments have wcurred in the field during that time. "Modern Molecular Phatochemistrv" is a com~letelv . . reworked, yet equally outstanding. text. It 1s greatly expanded and nimed s t the advanced undergraduate or lrcginnmg gmdunte ~ t u . dent. The volume consists of fourteen chapters, of which the first four present a very general overview of the physical models used in the remainder of the book. The concepts of electronic states and potential enerw surfaces are presented in a simplified and nonmathematical fashion for ultimate application in describing bath photophysical processes and photochemical reactions. Presentations emphasize visualization of processes on a qualitative or semi-quantitative level.Thestudent isencouraged to learn the "spirit" of the use of operators, selection rules, and other quantum mechanical concepts rather than to master their rigorous mathematical derivation or application. ~
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Significant aspects of some key topics are deliberately omitted and, on accasion, presentations have been oversimplified in order t o prevent the main points under discussion from being obscured by excessive detail. The diseussiun of a vector model of singlet and triplet spin states (Chapter 2) is a case in point where pictorial clarity is maintained a t the expense of some mathematical accuracy. This approach is later used to great advantage in describing the relationship between perturbations that induce spin state interconversion with the mechanisms of the interconversions themselves. In all caqes like this, references are made to source materials containing more thorough or rigorous treatments of the subject matter. Chapters 5-9 expand upon and effectively utilize this introductory material, presenting detailed descriptions of radiative and radiationlers transitions, extensive discussion of both theoretical and mechanistic aspects of in general, and a comprehensive section on energy transfer. The simplified surface diagrams presented earlier are extensively applied in these chapters. A general framework for understanding photochemical reactions is constructed hased on the nature of n,n*, and n, ' a states and the zwitterionie or diradical states with which they correlate. One outstanding feature of these chapters is the frequent evaluation of order of magnitude estimates of the likelihwd, duration, or strength of an interaction or process, utilizing very simple techniques that students should he readily able to assimilate. A section a n "Kinetic Feasibility" relating A values, E.s, and rate constants is one very useful result of this approach. Also gratifying is thecare with which the order of presentation of the material has been thought out. All termsarecarefuliy defined a t anearly stage to allow subsequent discussion and application to prweed clearly and efficiently. Even relatively difficult topics such as ClDNP are presented concisely and effectively. Of the remaining five chapters, four are devoted to a very comprehensive review of organic photoreactions, and the fifth covers chemilumineseence. Detailed mechanistic information is given with virtually every example related to the general concepts introduced earlier. Frequent and extensive structure-reactivity correlations are presented in tabular form to allow ready comparison of rates of photophysicaland photochemical processes as a function of excited state configuration and energy. Theoverall presentation of the text isvery attractive. The chapters are divided into numerous sections which are listed in the table of contents, making i t almost as useful as the excellent index for finding specific topics. Subsections are concise and the text as a whole is generously illustrated (over 150 figures in the first nine chapters alone). The many charts, graphs, and tables contain an enormous array of data covering all aspects of photochemistry and spectroscopy. Typographical errors are few in number with only two worthy of mention: figure 7.6. p. 210, mislabels e cyclobutene-butadiene r* ra orbital correlation as a' an,and equation 14.49, p. 598. gives the triplet acetone yield from tetrsmethyldioxetane as 0.5% rather than the correct value of 50%. The book lacks problems but contains a number of workedout examples as well as summaries a t the end of each chapter.
Journal of Chemical Education
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As both an up-to-date source book and a teaching text of organic photochemistry, "Modern Molecular Photochemistry" is, quite simply, an indispensable addition to the literature of the field. Neil E. S c h o r e University of Califwnia Davis. CA 95618
Physical Chemistry R. S.Berry. S. A. Rice, and J. Ross. John Wiley 8 Sons. New York. 1980. xvi 1259 pp. Figs. and tables. 26 X 22 cm. $34.95.
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This is bath literally (2.7 kg) and figuratively a weighty tome. The authors have been particularly careful to define terms (a fourteen-page list of symbols is included in the appendix) and to cross reference different sections of the text. The book is divided, roughly: 40% on structure of matter. 40% on thermodynamics, and 20% on physical and chemical kinetics. The prefaeecontainsoutlines of the various orders in which the ehaptersmay be covered to put either quantum mechanics or thermodynamics first. The discussion of atomic structure and quantum mechanics is s t a very high level of mathematical rigor for a physical chemistry textbook. For a student with adequate background and ability in mathematics, the treatment of these suhjectsk superb. Fur instance, the third appendix to Chapter 2 an Rutherford scattering is an extension of the already very rigorous discussion of the Geiger-Marsden experiment The authorsdo not quite slog through theseriessolutionsof the Schr6dinger Equation for the hydrogen atom and the harmonic oscillator, hut they come close. Finally, there is a goad discussion of how a "closed-subshell structure" leads to inertness in some cases but not in others. The authors should be commended for providing physical interpretations and helpful analogies in great abundance. For instance, the gravitational analogy of a hill with many ledges is used to represent quantized energy levels. There is a very intuitive, physical description of the interaction of a hydrogen atom with light of very low frequency, very high frequency, and a t a resonance frequency. Computer-generated perspective plots are used liberally throughout. Most arevery helpful, although the reviewers had trouble understanding the depiction of standing waves in a circular box (Fig. 3.10). and students will have a hard time understanding Fig. 4.8, because the axes are not labeled. (They are described 2 pages earlier.) Thermodynamics is presented in careful detail. Terms are clearly defined, often by example. This is oneof the few texts to state explicitly that the thermodynamic equilibrium constant is a ratio of dimensionless ratios. Thermodynamics is treated from both the macroscopic and microscopic points of view with emphasis on the latter. An entire chapter is devoted to a discussion of ensemblesand the microscopicview ofentropy, but the derivation of the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation is left asan exercise for thestudent, and the closest approximation of the van't (Continued on pnge A314)
