The entire chapter has undergone extensive revision. Notable are the sections dealing with automatic countercurrent distribution equipment and the choice of solvents and compounding of systems. Chapter 111, Crystallization and Recrystallieation, by R. Stuart Tipson is greatly expanded. A fifteen-page section on inclusion compounds and molecular compounds is a worth-while addition. Centrifuging is the title of Chapter IV. It has been revised and brought up to date by two new authors, C. M. Ambler and F. W. Keith, Jr. An extensive table of symbols encountered in the theory of centrifuging irr a notable addition. The final two chapters, Filtration, by Arthur B. C u m i n s and Francis B. Hutto, Jr., and Solvent Removal, Evaporation and Drying, by GeoffreyBroughton have undergone extensive revision and amplification. The chapter, Filtration, has increased in size from 120 to 180 pages. Literature references have increased from 446 to 710. The 146 qeneral references, of which 60 on theory are annotated, are exceptionally good. The number of literature references in the final chapter has increased from 19 to 119. The majority of these refer to quite recent literature. The section dealing with removal of solvent water by vaporimtion has 19 pages compared to 7 in the first edition. New techniques such as dieleetrio or high-frequency drying are included. An added attrxtian for those who buy this edition is the Cumulative Indexes of Volumes 1-9. This includes a crossreferenced Authors Index and a topical Subject Index. The listings for Volumes 1,2, and 3 refer to the ~eeondeditions. This volume should be available to every practicing organic chemist. The abundance of theoretical material in each chapter will appeal t o the physical chemist. The techniques described are of immediate interest to the biological and physiological chemist as well as to organic chemists. The additional topics not found in the earlier edition may influerce many who own it to buy this edition also. The price, however, will influence many more to use this edition from the library reference shelf.
and solvent removal, evaporation, and drying (far a review, see R. L. SHRINER, J . Am. Chem. Sac., 79, 2982 (1957)). In the new Part 11, Laboratory Engineering, there are five chapters, two of which were in the original edition and have now been revised. These are C h a p ters 11, Heating and Cooling (132 p.), by Richard S. Egly and IV, Mixing (48 p.), by J. H. Rusbton. A section in Chapter IV on special equipment was written by M. P. Hofmann. There are three new chapters: I, Selection of Materids for the Construction of Equipment (50 p.), by Rioha~dF. Eisenberg and Richard R. Kraybill; 111, Grinding, Screening and Classifying (52 p.), by John W. Axelson and William G. Streib; and V, Operations with Gases (92 p.), by Glenn H. Miller. As the title of this new book suggests, this is intended t o assist in the design and operation of laboratory equipment, particularly where pilot plant and large scale production are anticipated. While the subject matter i8 mostly in the field of organic chemistry, this book will be very useful for all chemists and chemical engineers. The Literature appears to be well covered by each of the authors, the discussions are clear, diagrams and illustrations are excellent. The chsptersare well documented with both general and specific relerenoes. In general, the treatment of theory ia subordinate to the emphasis given to practical aspects. In addition to the index for this book, there is a cumulative index for Volumes 1-9 of the series which covers both authors and major subjects.
WILLIAM B. COOK SCIENCEFOUNDATION NATIONAI. WABHINRTON 25. D. C.
and physiologist under the capable patronage of the New York Academy of Medicine. The nine lectures contained in this volume deal with subjects of vital interest, are authoritative in character, and are presented in print inerrantly. In biochemical areas, E. F. Gale does not submit answers so much ss penetrse ing and stimulating questions regarding the relationship between nucleic acids and protein synthesis. His studies deal primarily with disrupted cell preparations of Staphylococcus aweus which are speoifically useful in that they synthesize protein under control and also readily allow for analysis of the nueleic acid components. Evidence is cited to support some of the hypotheses current in the field and to discredit others. The general problem of protein synthesis is approached in a different manner by J. S. Fruton in a consideration of enzymic hydrolysis and synthesis of peptide bonda. Attention is centered on the intracellular proteinases, or
TECHNIQUE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. VOLUME 3, PART 11: LABORATORY ENGINEERING N t e d by Arnold Weissberger, Research Laboratories, Eashnan Kodak Co. Second Edition. Interscience Publishers, Inc., 391 pp. Many New York, 1957. ix figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 om. $8.
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THE original Volume 3 of the series "Technique of Organic Chemistry" has been divided into two Parts so that new chapters could be added. Part I, Separation and Purification Methods, deals with diffusion methods, extraction and countercurrent distribution, crystallization and recrystallization, centrifuging, filtration
OLIVER GRUMMITT W ~ S T E R REBERYE N UNIVERBITI
CLEVEUND, OHIO
THE HARVEY LECTURES. S W E S 51 The Harvey Society of New York. Aoademic Press Inc., New York, 1957. xiv 298 pp. Many figs. and tables. 14 X 21 cm. $7.50.
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cathepsins, with regard to their possible role in peptide band formation, espeoially via transamidation reaotians. The dis-
presented that enzymic hydrolysis is merely s. special case of a transfer reaction. In a discussion of the chemistry of the mesodermal ground substances, K. Meyer limits his presentation to the acid mucopalysaeoharides of connective tiswestheir distribution in biological systems, their chemical components, structure, biosynthesis, and enzymic hydrolysis. A most enjoyable and profitable discussion of cyclic processes in carbohydrate metabolism is to be gained from the paper of E. Racker. The Priestley cycle consists of two phases: the reductive, represented by photosynthesizing leaves, and the oxidative, depicted by a mouse. These two pheaes of the Priestley cycle are fully explored in three macracycles. There is the degradative or Krehs cycle, the reductive pentose phosphate cycle whereby hexose is synthesized from carbon dioxide and water, and the Cori homeostatic cycle by which s. steady-state concentration of glucose is maintained. Finally, W. D. McElroy delves into the perticulars of firefly luminescence, using it as a specific example for discussion of the fascinating problems associated generally 'with the chemistry snd physiolopy of bioluminescence. In presentations in other areas, J. C. Eeeles gives an amount of the mechanisms involved in excitatory and in inhibitory synapses, C. H. Rammelkamp, Jr., stresses the role of the organism in the transmission of disease and the development of complications in streptococcus infections, and A. D. Hershey answers the question of whether bacteriophage T 2 is a parasite or an organelle hy showing it is both, and even more. A fine description of the submicroscopic morphology of protoplasm by K. R. Porter is beautifully supplemented by 40 electron micrographs. Much of the material presented in these lectures has already appeared in print in various scientific journals. This fact, however, in no way detracts from the value of these up-to-date summaries for the general reader or co-workcr in the field. EUGENE E. DEKKER U ~ ~ v e n OF s ~M n ~CH~GAN SC~ODL OP MEDICINB A N N ABBOR.MICHIWN
MODERN PULP AND PAPER MAKING Edited by John B. Calkin, President, Calkin and Bayley, Inc., New York. Third edition. Previous editions by George S. Witham, Sr. Reinhold Publishing Corp., 549 pp. Many New Yark, 1957. vii figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. $10.
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Mncn to the dismay of its scientists and engineers, the pulp and paper industry, 6fth largest in the United States, often is given slight coverage in school and college surveys of the chemical family of industries. The very ubiquitousness of the product and the ancient origins of the art (Cmtinued m page A694) JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
artre often blamed for this situation, hut the lack of readable reference material must
fill a very definite need.. The hook i~ divided into sixteen chapters, with fifteen individuals listed as authors or oo-authors of various of the chapters. Prinoipal contributors, in addition to the editor, are John L. Parsons, Ralph W. Kumler, and A. Guy Durgin. The three introductory chapters give a general review d the economic significance of the industry and its importance t o our moiety, a brief survey of papermaking materials and processes, and a. definitive review of the manifold varieties of paper and paperboard. Chapters 4 through 12 bring the reader in logical sequence through the pulp and paper mill from the wood room to the finishing room. The diversity of processes encountered in producing the varieties of paper listed in Chapter 3 are well covered in these ohapters. The last four chapters are primarily of specialized and technied natuture dealing as they do with selected engineering and production aspects of the industry. Topics covered in these chapters are p a w r defects, design of pulp and paper plants. testing of paper, and process instrumentation. I n general, the text is accurate and well writkn. I t in as complete as could he expected of such s one-volume survey work. The reviewer must take exception to Chapter 7, Semichemical Pulping, for dealing far too skimpily with the important recent developments of continnoun pulping and for emphasieing the processes and equipment of certain manufacturers while omitting mention of equally significant competitive processes. There m e portions of other chapters where the authors apparently forget their mission and lapse into an exhaustive detail more suitable in a manual for machinetenders. This hook is pwticularly to he commended to the high-mhool chemistry and science teacher snd his classes as a reference work for unita or projects connected with the pulp and paper industry. The college student in general chemistry or industrial chemistry will also find this a good source hook. While the technical content is insufficient to satisfy the specialized student or research worker, such individual8 will doubtless find the descriptions of paper mill operations interesting and informative. For the benefit of those not familiar with tho pulp and paper field, lot us note that in addition to the present work there are hut three recent comprehensive reference works covering the general topic of pulping and papermaking. They are: "The University of Maine Lectures in Pulp and Paper Technology, Series 11," L. C. Jenness and John Lewis, editors (1 volume), "Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Chemical Technology," by James P. Casey ( 2 volumes), and "Pulp and Paper Manufacture," J. Newell Stephenson, editor (4 volumes). The first of these oontaina much excellent material hut suffers from (Continued on page A696)
JOURNAL O F CHEMICAL EDUCATION
THE FIGHT FOR FLUORIDATION
some gaps and an unavoidable lack of continuit,y. The second is a very well orgnnized and readable technical rvark. Dr. Casey's book is the first place s. student or technical man in the industry turns nhen a new problem faces him; it is not, however, written a t the level of highschool senior or college freshman. The lafit is a valuable but exceedingly detailed work w,hich has heen aptly chametorised as "exhaustive and exhausting." One may see that there is a real place for a readable, descriptive work for the general reader. "Modern Pulp and Paper Making" fits very well in this place. EDW.4RD F. THODE THEIYSWTUTEO P PAPERC n ~ x m r n s APPLETOY.Wrscoh.mx
Donald R. McNeil, Associate Director of the Wisconsin State Historioal Society. Oxford University Press, New York, 1957. xi 241 pp. 13 X 2 0 cm. $5.
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THIS hook is a well-documented, historical account of the events t h a t led to thc cstahlishment of the relation~hiphetween fluoride ion content of drinking water and dental decay. I t nlso recites the attempts of various individuals and public health organizations t,o establish the practice of fluoridating public water supplies. Like those who first attempted t o induce t,he public to adopt vaccination, ehlorinstion, and pasteurization, advocates of fluoridation met with growing resistance from laymen inHoenced by a wide variety of opponents. These included men who
oppose public health measures on religious grounds, as well as chiropractorfi who see in the situstion sn opportunity to embsrass the medical profession, and those who setoslly believe that Hnoridation is n plot of the "communists to take over this country." The reader is impressed hy a seeming conflict in our democracy which delegates to our elected representatives the power to make decisions that require greator knowlcdgc than the public nt large possesses, yct which in many ~ t a t e sprovides machinery to put such questions as fluoridation I d o r e the public for approval or disnpprovnl in the form of referenda. T o a wientiat this might be eqoivalent to determining the validity oi the law of g r a v i t ~ by means of z popular vote. IJnder t,he rieht conditions and with the same type of opposition that now opposes fluoridation, the law of gravity could be repealed by the general public. MoKeil's account stresses the role played by a number of Wisconsin dentists in promot,ing fluoridation in that stat?. The activities of Dr. J . G. Frisch and Dr. F. A. Boll in particular are given promincnee because through their efiorts more cities in Wisconsin fluoridate their public water supplie~than in any state in the Union. I t carries thestoriesof the fight in Seat,tle and Cincinnati where fluoridation was defeated a t the polls. It nlso tells how some of our largest cities like Philadelphia, Milwsukce, San Francisco, and Baltimore adopted this health measure. The book cnds with an accorlnt of the struggle now in progress to fluoridate the wstw of our largest city, New York, and of the formation of t,he "Committee to Protect Our Children's Teeth" headed by the eminent pediatrician, Dr. Benjamin Spack, a committee which is now in the midst of the New 1'ot.k battle. The latter is nt a standstill hecauso of the opposition by the h a d of the Yew York City water works despite the repeated recommenrlstion hy the New York City Department of Health that the water supply be Huoridated. The hook gives no solace to the opposition hecause the scientific facts of fluoridation are set forth with historical accuracy and clarity. Nor does it fail to asscsa the eompetencc(?) of many of the lcadcrs oi the opposition. l l a t a are tmsod on verified documentary evidcnee. T o the proponents of fluoridation this book relates in a sobering mnnncr the difficulties, t,he pitfalls, and the hard work required to hring about the adoption of this Latest pul~liehealth measure. I t is recommended rendine for overr chemist, and rhomistry teacher.
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5. F. DARLING
INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS Paul Delohoy, Professor of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Macmillan Co., 384 pp. 137 New York, 1957. xi figs. 2 4 tables. 16 X 2 4 cm. $7.90
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THEreviewer must confess to heing preiudired against the term, instrumental analysis. This prejudice is based on the fact that to many chemist6 the term, (Continued on page A.598)
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
