July,, 1942
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Lubs and Arnold (to du Pont Co.),Zbid., 2,183,721(Dec. 19, 1939). McQueen and Goebel (to du Pont Co.),Ibid., 2,195,419(April 2,
'1.
Litchfield, J. T., Jr., Science,88,85 (1938). 76,371 (1939). Ibid., 78,420 (1940). Piontelli, Roberto, and Giulotto, Alessandro. Chimica e dndust r h (Italy), 21,478-91 (1939). Raecke, B. (to Henkel & Cie), U. S. Patent 2,228,483(Jan. 14, 1941) and German Patent 692,588 (May 23, 1940); Henkel & Cie, British Patent 527,041(Oot. 1, 1940). Raschig, F., Ann.,241,161,209 (1887).
797
(47) Saleberg, P. (to du Pont Co.), U. S. Patent 2,212,171(Aug. 20, 1940). (48) Sohroeter, G., ffe-rman Patent 601,105(Aug. 8,1934). (49) Thies, G., Friedrioh-Wilhelms Univ., Berlin, dissertation, 1935. (50) Thompson, R. B. (to Universal Oil Products Co.), U. 8. Patent 2,237,459(April 8, 1941). (51) Wakelin, J., Am. Dyestufs Reptr., 28,729 (1939). (52) Wyler, M. (to Imperial Chemical Industries), U. S. Patent 2,190,885(April 9,1940). (53) Ibid., 2,216,761and 2,216,867-8 (Oct. 8, 1940). P B ~ S ~ NinTthe ~D Sixth Annual Symposium before the Division of Phyeical and Inorganio Chemistry of the AMNRICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, Columbu, Ohio. Contribution 189 from the Grasselli Chemicals Department and the Chemical Department of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc.
Molecular Volume Nomograph for Liquid Alkanes D. S. DAVIS Wayne University, Detroit, Mich.
Hydrocarbon
f2)
fthune 0
E
GLOFF and Kuderl showed
that the molecular volumes of normal liquid alkanes from methane to octane, inclusive, can be calculated from the equations, V = a+bn a = 9.43 10.24 T R b = 14.912 1.765 TR 10.00 T?z where V = molecular volume cc. n = number o f carbon atoms TR= reduced temperature, 0.35 to 0.60
++
+
T h e nomograph, which facilitates this computation, bears two sets of points for the various hydrocarbons and two reduced temperature scales. Its use is illustrated as follows: What is the molecular volume of hexane at -60' C.? Following the key, connect -60 on the t scale with the hexane point in the set marked (l), reading the reduced temperature as 0.42 on the TR(1) scale. Transfer this value to the TR (2) scale, connect this point with the hexane point in the set marked (2), and produce the lipe to the V scale where the molecular volume is read as 118.1 cc. As r e p r o d u c e d t h e c h a r t yields values of the molecular volume good to about 0.4 per cent. 1 Egloff, Gustav, and Kuder, R. C., IND.ENQ.CHEM.,34,373 (1942).
150
fv
$
Propme
o
Butane
o
Pentane
o
0 €thane
0 Propone
.
L0.50 0 Butane 0 Pentane
1
.'
I10
T.
\
b
Hexane
0 Heptane
a octane
'.
f0
Hexane W
-174
70
Key T,W - Hydrocarboo OJ Y-LW 121
t
"
501 45
Heptme
o
Octane
o
