INDUSTRY &
BUSINESS
M o r e Aerosol Propellants RUTGERSWERKE A.G. FRANKFURT A.IW, offers the ultimate in.
COALTAR PRODUCTS
Available in Commercial
Quantities
olpha-Methylstyrene 2 - M e t h y l - 4 - f e r t . butylphenol 4-Nonytphenol 4-Ociylphenol Phenanthrene 4-Phenylisopropyl phenol Pseudocumene Pyrene Quinaldine Q win ο line 4-tert.Bu+ylphenol 1,3.5-Triphenylbenxene
Available in Development
Quantities
Acridane 2.3-BenicarbazoIe 1,12-Benzpery lene 1,2-Benzpyrene 3,4-Benzpyrene Coronene Decahydroquinoline 9.Î 0= D l h y d r ^ s s t h r s e e n e 9,10-Dihydrophenanthrene 1.2-Diliydropyrene 2,5-Dimef hylcyclohexanoi 3,4-Dimef-hyicyclohexano!
3,5-Dimethylcyclohexanol Diphenic acid Dodecahydrocarbazole 3,4,5,8,9.10-Hexahydropyrene
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TERRA ~ Chemicals, Inc. 5 0 0 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK 3G, Ν. Υ.
telephone: 26
C&E Ν
CHickering OCT.
2 6,
U-U9SU 19 59
Straight hydrocarbons a r e held acceptable f o r some formulations; further market expansion forecast COMPLETELY fluorinated hydrocar bons may become the propellants for food aerosols in the near future. Much work is under way to bring out, at commercial priées, food propellants that can b e liquefied under pressure at normal temperatures. One such compound, C-318, has already been announced, L. T. Flanner of Allied Chemical's General Chemical division told the aerosol clinic i n New York. W e h a v e also had limited use of straight hydrocarbons for aerosols, says Mr. Flanner. These compounds or their combinations will produce acceptable propellants. However, due to flammability, these propellants cannot be used in formulations requiring large percentages of propellant (in relation to p r o d u c t ) , o r in formulations containing large concentrations of solvents. Still, they are used where price is the controlling factor. The aerosol clinic, under auspices of the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association, was given a rundown of propellants currently in use. They include t h e fluorinated hydrocarbons, such as Nos. 12 and 11, marketed as Genetrons by General Chemical and as Fréons b y Du Pont; chlorinated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride; vinyl chloride; compressed gases such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and t h e hydrocarbons, butane and propane. Some of these are used abroad. • Liquid Phase Loading. Vapor pressures of isobutane and η -butane are approximately the same as propellants Nos. 12 and 1 1 in a 50-50 mixture. The hydrocarbons have low densities, and are shipped in cylinders, tank trucks, and tank cars. They are unloaded in liquid phase, as are the fluorinated hy drocarbons, and require explosion-proof equipment for handling. • Food Aerosols. Most aerosol fillers uce fluorinated hydrocarbons says Mr. Flanner. One already mentioned, No. 12, is difluorodichloromethane. Others are Nos. 11, 114, 142B, and 152A. Nos. 12 and 11 are produced by the reaction of carbon tetrachloride with hydro fluoric acid in the presence of a catalyst. When these materials are made, hydro
gen chloride gas is produced as a by product. This is removed in an ab sorber, and the solution of hydrochloric gas and water becomes muriatic or hy drochloric acid. • Nitrous Oxide. Another propel lant for food aerosols is nitrous oxide. It is supplied 99.5'.'t pure and contains trace quantities of nitrogen. Nitrous oxide is nontoxic and nonirritating. It is not flammable and will not explode in air, but it does support combustion. It is made by heating ammonium nitrate to a temperature of about 475° F . Mr. Flanner says the nitrogen used in food aerosols is a water-pumped nitrogen. This grade is available with an oxygen content of 1000 p.p.m. to less than 20 p.p.m. • Market Only Scratched. Within the spacefc of a decade the aerosol has brought about a revolution in packag ing, said R. A. Crane of Du Pont's Freon products division. Contending that only a small part of the market has been tapped, Mr. Crane estimates that aero sol sales might reach 2 billion units by 1970, and at least 1 billion units a decade from now. Saturation studies indicate that only 45 r/c of the nation's households have purchased insecticides in aerosol form. The figure for room deodorants is 39 r v ; hair sprays 45 r v ; shave cream 3 1 r y ; window cleaner 22 c'< ; mothproof ers 19'^ ; and cologne 14*7r . • Industry Growth. Reviewing the growth of the aerosol industry since the wartime "bug bomb," Mr. Crane says that in the last seven years the growth has been 319v annually, while that for the gross national product has bc*en only S1/.//* per year. In 1958 six product groups accounted for 8 1 r r of the total market. They are colognes and perfumes, surface coatings, hair sprays, shave creams, room deodorants, and insecticides. The increase in some aerosols has been striking. Sales of shave lather expanded despite competition offered by the electric razor. Other nonfood groups such as glass cleaners, snow, and pet products had sales of 20 million units in 1952. The figure rose to about 95 million units in 1958.
