New Books and Booklets Nevertheless, t h i s is a v e r y worthy work a n d should prove of great value to t h e German-reading chemical engineer, especially one engaged in p l a n t work, for i t is written from tLe practical standpoint. F o r t h e technologist in a small organization it should prove invaluable, especially in t h e smaller centers where T E X T I L E chemists, engineers, designers, testing laboratories, library facilities a r e not available. E v e n in t h e larger organizaand students will find t h a t this book has brought t o g e t h e r in a tions, where technological work i s more specialized, specialists condensed form a n abundance of information a n d d a t a t h a t have will find chapters of value in their line. usually been more or less scattered throughout the textile literae illustrations are profuse—there a r e 700 of t h e m , mostly ture. For the manufacturer, selling organizations, a n d con- lineT hcuts a n d graphs of great clarity. A great m a n y physical sumers of industrial fabrics this ha.ndbook will serve as a n e x - and chemical properties of substances a r e t h u s shown, so t h a t cellent reference volume. m u c h information needed in everyday work is readily a t hand. The treatment of this special subject is naturally confined to t h e T h e paper, make-up, o g r a p h y a r e of t h e usual grade of cotton fibers a n d a great variety of fabrics made therefrom. excellence found in G earnmdatny pworks, a n d t h e index is very comThe introductory chapters touch in a. brief manner on t h e types of plete. cotton used in t h e production of industrial fabrics. Methods of Berl is to b e congratulated o n a notable addition t o chemigrading, stapling, a n d selection for specific uses a r e discussed. calDr. engineering literature. Tabulated d a t a a r e given i n regard t o government, estimates of F. C. ZEISBERQ crop production, acreage, consumption, carryover, and price fluctuations, covering periods of several years. T h e m a n u facturing processes for the conversion of the r a w fiber into t h e CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY. O. Hassel. T r a n s l a t e d from t h e German finished fabric a r e described and numerous illustrations of by R. C. Evans. 1st English e d . I X 4- 94 pages, 1.25 X standard textile equipment a r e furnished. 14.25 X 22.5 c m . ; diagrams of common s t r u c t u r e t y p e s ; 8 A short c h a p t e r is devoted to c o t t o n yarn construction, i n figures; tables. William Heinemann, Ltd., 99 G r e a t Russell which single, plied, cabled, and special or novelty a r e touched St., London, W. C. 1, England, 1935. Price, 6 s. u*x>n. There a r e numerous tables relating to twist, yarn sizer, breaking strengths, etc. T h e a u t h o r then takes up t h e principal I N 1814 t h e great Ampère published, i n Annales de Chimie, 90, uses of industrial fabrics a n d classifies them i n t o groups. I n - 43, a n essay in which he a t t e m p t e d t o connect t h e crystalline cluded in this description is the U. S . Department of Commerce forms of bodies with their chemical composition. With almost list of uses for cotton fabrics, which is probabb t h e most complete prophetic genius h e forecast something of t h e geometric situation list ever compiled. which the work of Laue in 1912 p u t o n a n experimental basis. The organization o r construction of standardized a n d special Ampere's expression for his unit polyhedron was "representative industrial fabrics is discussed, including weave characteristics form of the particle," which we would call our " u n i t cell." a n d cloth design. Definitions of industrial fabrics based o n t h e In this little work on "Crystal C h e m i s t r y , " D r . Hassel, lecgenerally accepted trade practice are given and a r e supplemented t u r e r in physical chemistry in the University of Oslo, has given a with numerous tables showing detaiLs of construction and also a condensed account of t h e essentials of this new branch of o u r list of applications of mechanical fabrics. science. N o x-ray diagrams are given a n d t h e mathematical One hundred pages are devoted t o t h e description of latest m e t h o d s of analysis a r e n o t considered. Conclusions only a r e types of laboratory testing equipment for textile fabrics a n d discussed. The fundamental character of t h e radii of atoms a n d yarns. Charts, tables, a n d illustrations of a p p a r a t u s a r e i n - of ions is stressed a n d the crystal chemistry of the various types cluded- T h e final chapter embodies specifications a n d m e t h o d s of compounds related t o these radii. T h e r e a r e chapters on t h e for testing textile materials. Procedures for t h e q u a n t i t a t i v e A X , AX2, t h e A2X compounds, on t h e silicat on t h e structure analysis of textiles a n d a detailed outline for the identification of of radicals a n d a t o m groups in crystals, on metal crystals, a n d fibers, supplemented with photomicrographs of t h e common o n molecular compounds, as well as o n other topics. textile fibers, are also given. T h e m e t h o d s of analysis include T h e translator h a s made additions and elaborations t o help t h e those of commercial laboratories, as well as those p r e p a r e d a n d reader better to grasp t h e material offered by t h e a u t h o r . T h e r e approved by well-known societies for textile research. a r e generous references t o original p a p e r s . T h e book is not only For those interested in t h e conditions governing t h e sale of of academic interest but offers practical application, particularly cotton fabrics a copy of the S t a n d a r d Cotton Textile Salesnote i s i n the metallurgical field. reproduced. FRANK B. WADE The edition contains numerous charts and diagrams a n d some fifty o r more tables. I t is -well illustrated, a n d has a bibliography of additional references to many of t h e subjects S U P P R E S S I O N OP W E E D S BY F E R T I L I Z E R S AND CHEMTCALS. H. C. touched upon. Long. 60 pp., illustrated. H . C . Long, T h e Birknis, Orchard RTJSSELL W . H O O K Road, Hook, Surbiton, Surrey, England, 1935. Price, 2 s. net (2 s. 2 d. by p o s t ) . HANDBOOK
OK I N D U S T R I E L F A B R I C S .
George B. Haven.
538
pages. Wellington Sears Co., 65 "Worth St., New York, N . Y. f 1935. Price, S2.
CHEMISCHK INGENEIUR-TECHNIK. Volume I. Ernst Berl. 874 pages. Julius Springer, Berlin, 1935. Price, 120 m a r k s . T H I S work, produced with t h e assistance of some 25 collaborators, will a p p e a r in three volumes within the next three months It is designed for use by chemists, physicists, mechanical engineers, and electrotecbnicians, a n d is intermediate between a textbook a n d a handbook. The present volume covers t h e following subjects: practical mathematical principles, including t h e use of logarithmic and triangular coordinate paper; nomography, including slide-rule u*p a n d chart construction; practical differential a n d integral calculus; working u p of observât ions, including calculation of error; principles of thermodynamics, equilibria, a n d reaction velocity; catalysis, including a few brief technical examples; study of the phase rule; processes i n the combustion, cracking, a n d formation of combustibles; applications of electrotechnic, including the principles of direct a n d alternating current, t r a n s formers, rotary converters, alternators, accumulators, electrical precipitators, and electric heaters; niaterials of construction for t h e chemical i n d u s t r y ; and technical measuring and regulating processes. As is usually t h e case in a collaboration of this kind, the t r e a t m e n t is uneven; some subjects are m u c h more fully treated t h a n others. Also, although essentially a work o n chemical engineering, t h e t r e a t m e n t of t h e subject is not along t h e lines which have become more or less orthodox i n the United States. Finally, when commercial a p p a r a t u s is discussed it i s in connection w i t h equipm e n t o n the German market, which is natural, but which will lessen t h e interest for t h e American reader.
I N this well-illustrated pamphlet, t h e writer, a n a u t h o r i t y on t h e weeds of Great Britain, has condensed t h e voluminous literature, foreign as well a s English, on chemical weed-killers. T h e a r rangement i s by chemicals rather t h a n weeds, a n d is of special value t o those who wish t o know t h e relative merits of t h e s u b stances used as herbicides. Chapters a r e devoted t o fertilizer materials (general); lime; a m m o n i u m sulfate a n d sodium n i t r a t e ; calcium cyanamide; sulfuric acid; copper sulfate and iron sulfate; k a i n i t e ; sodium chlorate a n d potassium chlorate; and arsenic c o m p o u n d s (especially sodium arsenite). I n a chapter on miscellaneous materials t h e r e is mention of salt, lawn sands, nitric acid, carbolic acid, hydrochloric acid, nickel sulfate, copper nitrate, carbon disulfide, a m m o n i u m thiocyanate, potassium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium disulfate, and oils. In Britain, judging from t h e illustrations, more reliance is placed than i n America on t h e "selective" herbicides, such as iron sulfate and dilute sulfuric acid, for destroying weeds in fields of growing grain. Selective weed control h a s found little use in t h i s c o u n t r y , despite vigorous a t t e m p t s to popularize t h e practice. On t h e other hand, American farmers appear t o be t a k i n g m o r e actively t h a n in E u r o p e t o t h e use of sodium chlorate a n d i t s compounds for exterminating serious perennial weeds, such a s wild morning-glory a n d C a n a d a thistle. M o r e also h a s been done here o n such technical investigations a s t h e physiological action of plant poisons, their fate in soils, a n d t h e like. A literature list of more t h a n eighty titles is of interest, a s a r e the numerous advertisements of dealers in weed-killing m a t e rials. L.
(Continued on page 152)
W.
KEPHART
INDUSTRIAL AM) KNGLNELIUNG CHKMISTUY
152 λολ\
lîoolks ci iid J i o o k l e t s (Continued
W'ATKR
SUPIM.Y
Jrwn page 150)
AND T R E A T M E N T .
Charles
P.
Hoover.
143
pages. ISuhYtin 211 , National Lime Association, Washington, D. C , 1935. F r e e oxi request. A B R I E F digest of t h e m a n y phases of t h i s broad subject is presented. Thie book is w r i t t e n in a, manner that will appeal to t h e non-technically t r a i n e d p l a n t operator o r superintendent. T h e clarity of thte book is i n a l a x g e iri-easurc d u e to t h e exceptionally well-done d i a g r a m m a t i c illustrations of t h e devices used in water purification processes. T h e y giv^e an excellent picture of plant operation. The discussion, relating t o the· sterilization of w r ater b y lime treatment i n con j u n c t i o n w i t h softening is a decided contribution, as is also t h e history- of t h e li^me-soda process for softening. Presentation of t h e Snyder and Hudson data relating t o watersoftening economics -will be a b o o n t o those searching t h e literat u r e for t h i s type of information. Utilization of t h e graphic m e t h o d for reporting consxituentts, as practiced b y t h e U . S. Geological Survey, is timely . About 50 per c e n t of the foook £ s given t o t h e various phases of water-softening. T h i s information is well presented, in a concise manner, reflecting t h e author's l o n g experience in this field. I t is to be regiretted t h a t a m o n o g r a p h on t h i s subject was prepared instead of a, general discussion of water t r e a t m e n t . T h e chapter describing analytical procedure c o u l d be eliminated. There are m a n y textbooks available for t h i s purpose. T h e conversion tables and related d a t a could be advantageously grouped as an appendix. There a r e many iLlustra.tions of modern p l a n t s giving t h e book a plea-sing a p p e a r a n c e . I t will be of decided value to t h e water softening p l a n t opera.tor a s a ready reference text for t h e solving of htis daily p r o b l e m s . E D W . S. H O P K I N S PAPJEB FI^OM CORNSTALKS T H E NATIONAL BUREAU -
VOL. 13, ΛΟ. 7 questionnaire were received from producers representing some what more than 90 per cent of the total output of rock and evapo rated salt as reported by the Bureau of Mines. The report com prises 17 tables of statistics. The most important new information resulting from the com mission's questionnaire has to do with the relative importance of different sections of the country as markets for salt. The report shows the quantity of each of the principal classes of salt produced in each of the principal producing regions and the quantity of this output sold in each of the principal consuming areas. Copies of this report may be obtained free of charge from the United States Tariff Commission, Washington, D. C. DEUTERIUM
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SOME M O N T H S ago we announced t h e availability of a bibliog
r a p h y on deuterium. T o date, more t h a n 140 copies have been supplied to those interested, a n d an addition bringing t h e bibliog r a p h y u p to date is announced. This supplement covers t h e literature references from August 1, 1934, to March 1, 1935, a n d m a y be obtained for 50 cents a copy from t h e Chemical Librarian, Chemistry Library, Pennsylvania S t a t e College, State College, P a . A few copies of t h e bibliog r a p h y are still available a n d with t h e supplement m a y be ob tained for one dollar a copy.
T I N P L A T E AND CANNING I N G R E A T BRITAIN
T H E International T i n Research & Development Council an nounces a new series of bulletins which a r e to contain survej r s of important tin-consuming industries in various countries. Copies m a y be h a d from t h e council's American representative, L . J. Tavener, 149 Broadway, New York, Ν . Υ. The first in t h e series is entitled " T i n Plate and C a n n i n g in Great Britain." I t is a well-illustrated bulletin of 80 pages.
OF STANDARDS h a s issued as Mis-
cellaneous Publication M 1 4 7 a, report on t h e paper-making quality of cornstalks, b y W^cber, Shaw, a n d O'Leary. This m a y be h a d from t h e S u p e r i n t e n d e n t of D o c u m e n t s , Washington, D . C , for 5 cents a copy. Xt is a 9-page p a m p h l e t from which we q u o t e the following s u m m a r y and conclusions:
JOURNAL
O F PHYSICAL
CHKMISTRY
FOR
T H E Journal of Physical Chemistry for March contains the following original papers, as well as reviews of some n e w books : FRANK URBAN, H . L. W H I T E , AND E. A, STRASSNER.
The low st-rength of cornstalk fibftors, together with t h e comparatively high raw-ma-terial a n d rasnufac-fcuring costs, appears t o preclude a t present commercial success in utilizing domestic cornstalks for ordinary wrapping papers and si milar unbleached pa-pera. White pul-p of satisfactory q u a l i t y f o r medium grades of writing papers and bleached wrapping specialties sitch as butter and lard wrappers was produced. However, tfce- commercial manufacture of this type of pulp does not appear feasible at thte present t i m e on account of t h e relatively high costs of raw materials and conversion. Before t h e process can be of commercial interest binder p r e s e n t concLitions, it will b e necessary to find profitable uses for the p>ith a n d fine fibrosis material which are left after separating the cortex. 3f these o r oth&r by-products 1 could b e made t o pay the cost of separating t h e cortex a n d one-iislf th& raw material costs, reducing t h e cost of t h e cortex to about $18 per- ton o f pulp, i t is possible that the cortex could be useci profitably for blea
