PRODUCTION
MEW
EQUIPMENT
S p r e a d e r f o r Calcium Chloride D o w C h e m i c a l Co. engineers have d e veloped a spreader designed specifically for applying calcium chloride pellets a n d flake to roads for dustproofing a n d ice control. T h e spreader will b e m a n u f a c tured by B a u g h m a n Mfg. Co. The s p r e a d e r m a y be installed on any size d u m p truck. A tailgate spreader, it weighs only 3 8 0 lb. a n d can b e installed in any size d u m p truck body in about 30 min. b y c l a m p i n g in p l a c e with a load binder. T h e spreader roll is so constructed t h a t n o material can leak through w h e n t h e s p r e a d e r is shut off even w h e n the truck bed is raised. Uniformity of spread is a c complished b y driving the spreader roll t h r o u g h a linkage with the wheel of t h e truck. As the truck speed increases or d e creases the spreader roll goes faster or slower and delivers the same n u m b e r of p o u n d s of material per square yard. By merely shifting a gear, the operator of t h e truck can d o u b l e the rate of application w h e r e extra material is required on hills and curves for ice control. A wide varia tion in application rates is m a d e possible from as low as a / 8 l b . / s q . yd. to as high as 2 l b . / s q . yd. Ε 1
Shaft-Position Indicator A precision shaft-position indicating sys tem w h i c h detects t h e angular position of a rotating shaft and converts t h e resulting indications to a digital representation h a s been d e v e l o p e d by E n g i n e e r i n g Research Associates. Designated as the ShaftMonitor, it consists of an electromechanical locator unit, which couples to the refer ence shaft, a n d an electronic converter unit. It utilizes a simple magnetic r e c o r d ing m e c h a n i s m to indicate as often as 20 times p e r s e c o n d t h e position of a refer ence shaft. Accurate to ± 0 . 0 9 ° , ShaftMonitor m e a s u r e m e n t s may be r o u t e d to a convenient remote location a n d displayed as visual indications in digital form, transferred to magnetic tape, p u n c h e d t a p e , or p u n c h e d cards for future analysis, or used to perform desired con trol functions. Ε 2
Cloth-Bag Dust C o l l e c t o r P a n g b o r n C o r p . is making a cloth-bag collector for dusts such as carbon black, cork, fine w o o d , graphite, p i g m e n t s , lime, lampblack, soap, fine tobacco, metal oxides, and o t h e r dusts with similar c h a r acteristics. T h e s e d u s t collectors range from 5 to 40 feet long, contain 1360 to 10,880 s q u a r e feet of filter cloth, employ from one to six h o p p e r s , a n d are supplied w i t h the a p p r o priate structural supports to furnish t h e type of disposal desired—wheelbarrow, car, or truck. 196
For further information on any item or process mentioned here, s e e coupon on p a g e 2 0 0 W h e n t h e e q u i p m e n t is in operation, dust-laden air p i p e d from the p l a n t enters t h e collector at a point just u n d e r the g r i d floor. T h e heavier particles fall immedi ately into hoppers. T h e air then rises t h r o u g h the grid into ' filter b a g s sealed over e a c h grid opening. Dust captured in t h e b a g s is removed by shutting down t h e exhauster a n d turning on the shaker motor. Dust shaken from die b a g s falls t h r o u g h t h e grid openings into hoppers. Opening a valve at the b o t t o m of the hopper d i s charges dust from the collector for r e c lamation or disposal. Ε 3
Globe Valve Pacific Valves' " V " port, globe valve with a special disk designed to regulate flow through the four ports is recom mended by the manufacturer for t h r o t t l i n g service. T h e s e valves are c a s t carbon steel with a n indicator provided t o accurately adjust t h e flow, and tell the p o sition of t h e disk a t a glance. They are available w i t h flanged or b u t t - w e l d i n g ends in 1.5 to 6-in. sizes for either 150 or 300 l b . / s q . in. Ε 4
C o p p e r Cladding M e t h o d A u t o m a t i c Gasflux C o . has developed a process for p r o d u c i n g bi-metal w h i c h makes possible the production of sheets 8 0 % steel a n d 2 0 % copper. T h e sheets can b e d e e p d r a w n or otherwise deformed w i t h o u t d a n g e r of separation of the c o n stituent metals. T h e process starts with thick slabs of steel on which molten copper or copper alloy is cast. T h e b o n d is m a d e possible b y use of Gasflux, a highly volatile liquid flux w h i c h vaporizes w h e n used. The b i metal slab is t h e n rolled into commercial sized sheets, plates, or strips. Any p e r centage of copper or brass to steel can b e p r o d u c e d from 1 0 % u p . Ε 5
Detergency Tester T h e D e t e r - M e t e r detergency tester of American Conditioning House is a l a b o ratory instrument designed to provide ac curate control in the study of detergency. T h e essential part of t h e tester is a n o n rotating w a s h i n g cylinder w i t h its axis vertical and designed to oscillate along t h i s axis. Both the top a n d the bottom of t h e '•ylinder are enclosed with specially se C H E M I C A L
lected impact " surfaces, between which a single 100-mm. disk of soiled cloth is contained. T h e oscillation m a y be a d justed to occur either totally b e n e a t h t h e surface of t h e d e t e r g e n t solution, or p a r tially below and partially above t h e liquid level. By varying t h e impact surface spac i n g , t h e frequency of oscillation, or t h e a m p l i t u d e , wide a n d continuous ranges of force of impact b e t w e e n fabric and im p a c t surface are provided- Solid surface d e t e r g e n t s can b e tested b y substitution of a ceramic plate for t h e w a s h i n g cylinder in t h e case of dishwashing compounds, or a m e t a l plate for metal cleaners. Dyestuff fastness to l a u n d e r i n g is another s t a n d a r d test that may be run. Ε 6 Refractometer. An A b b e refractometer ( N o . W T - 4 ) a\-aiiable from Electro-Physics C o . provides h i g h accuracy readings of index of refraction and average dispersion of liquid, solid, a n d p o w d e r e d samples. T h i s J a p a n e s e - m a d e instrument h a s a t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e of 0° to 100° C , a n d a r e fractive index r a n g e of from 1.3 to 1.7 w i t h m a x i m u m error ztO.0002. Ε 7 Demineralizer. Enley P r o d u c t s ' D e m o n Demineralizer offers demineralized w a t e r for small-quantity users. T h e u s e r c a n p r o d u c e u p to 120 gallons of p u r e w a t e r p e r cartridge, equivalent to triple-distilled w a t e r . T h e flow rate is u p to 3 0 gallons p e r hour from t h e regular w a t e r tap. It utilizes a replaceable plastic cartridge, t h e resins in w h i c h change color from b l u e to yellow as they b e c o m e exhausted. E v e n if t h e concentration of dissolved salts in a w a t e r supply is h i g h , it c a n r e d u c e this concentration to less t h a n 0.1 p a r t p e r million. " A m b e r i i t e " resins are utilized in this m o n o b e d deionization process. Ε 8 Universal Testing Machine. An i m p r o v e d universal testing machine of 120,0 0 0 - p o u n d capacity is b e i n g m a d e b y Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton Corp. The hy draulic loading u n i t is separate from t h e indicating a n d control unit, which isolates recoil from b r e a k i n g test specimens. Verti cal distance b e t w e e n gripping h e a d s for tension tests or b e t w e e n platens for compression tests m a y b e set a n y w h e r e from 1 to 24 in., t h e latter including t h e 6-in. stroke. L a t e r a l space between col u m n s is 15 in. T w o ranges, 0 to 120,0 0 0 and 0 to 30,000 lb., are s t a n d a r d . L o a d i n g speed c a n b e varied b e t w e e n 0 a n d 2 in. p e r m i n u t e . Ε 9 Plastic Tanks. Polydur—an unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, rigid plastic—is n o w available from M u n r a y Products in fabricated tanks, hoods, vents, a n d ducts, as well as in miscellaneous industrial e q u i p m e n t for use w h e r e highly corrosive con ditions prevail. T a n k s are being made in t w o types—self-supporting made from P o l y d u r sheets 0.25 to 1 in. thick a n d liners for wood, concrete, or metal tanks in w h i c h case Polydur sheets of V*-in. thickness are u s e d . It is c a p a b l e of resisting acids, alka lies, salts, strong oxidizing agents, oils, greases, alcohols, gasoline, and carbon tet rachloride u p to 170° F . w i t h o u t dimenA N D
ENGINEERING
NEWS
THE
PERKIN-ELMER
INSTRUMENT DIGEST A c o n d e n s a t i o n o f s o m e of t h e a r t i c l e s a p p e a r i n g i n t h e Fall issue o f THE PERKIN-ELMER INSTRUMENT NEWS, a q u a r t e r l y p u b l i c a t i o n of The PerkinElmer C o r p o r a t i o n , m a n u f a c t u r e r s o f s c i e n t i f i c instruments—Infrared Spec t r o m e t e r s , Tiselius E l e c t r o p h o r e s i s A p p a r a t u s , U n i v e r s a l M o n o c h r o m a t o r ,
Norwalk, Conn.
Flame Photometers, Continuous I n f r a r e d A n a l y z e r , Low-Level Amplifiers—as w e l l as A s t r o n o m i c a l Equipment, Replica G r a t i n g s , T h e r m o c o u p l e s , Photo g r a p h i c Lenses, C r y s t a l O p t i c s , a n d Special Instruments for the G o v e r n m e n t . For further i n f o r m a t i o n , write T h e Perkin-Elmer Corp., Ν or w a l k / Conn.
January, 1952
Vol. 3, No. 2
New Optical Principle Improves Instruments' Performance Model 99 Monochromator Infrared Spectrometer Have
and Model Double Pass
112 Feature
Fig. 1—Model 99
prism and L i t t r o w portion, the beam is brought to a focus on the exit slit. A radia tion chopper is inserted after t h e corner m i r r o r so that signals produced in the de tector by first and second pass radiation may fc>e separated. Performance data of the Model 9 9 : Resolution: Betl-er than 0 . 5 A a t 2 5 0 0 A ( q u a r t z p r i s m ) Better
than Ί A at 5000
B e t f e r than 2 c m
v-
1
A (glass p r i s m )
at 1000 c m 1 ( N a C l
prism)
S c a t t e r e d Radiation: 0
L e s s thanO. 1 / o throughout t h e r a n g e Ronge: F r o m 2000 A to 4 0 microns ( w i t h s u i t a b l e prisms)
A new optical " d o u b l e p a s s " principle in volving the passage of radiation four times t h r o u g h the prism of a Littrow-type m o n o c h r o m a t o r instead of twice, results in d o u b l e m o n o c h r o m a t o r p e r f o r m a n c e with single m o n o c h r o m a t o r cost and simplicity. N e w I n s t r u m e n t s — T h i s principle has been applied with great advantage to t w o new Perkin-Elmer instruments. In t h e new M o d e l 9 9 Double Pass M o n o c h r o m a t o r , m o n o c h r o m a t i c radiation of high spectral purity is achieved b y m a x i m u m utilization of e x i s t i n g o p t i c a l c o m p o n e n t s w i t h m i n i m u m mechanical complication. T h e Model 9 9 M o n o c h r o m a t o r has also been incorporated with the source unit and r e c o r d i n g system of the Perkin-Elmer Model 12-C Infrared Spectrometer to form t h e Model 112 Infrared Spectrom eter. T h e advantages of t h e double pass feature here a r e : (1) virtual absence of scattered radiation; (2) twice the spectral resolution than could be achieved with a single optical system of the same dimensions;
(3) great improvement of signal-to-noise ratio for a given spectral resolution. Because of the double passage of radia tion in the new m o n o c h r o m a t o r , disper sion is doubled, a n d scattered radiation is reduced to a negligible amount through out the ultraviolet, visible and infrared range. Energy p e r spectral slit width is doubled, times the efficiency factor of t h e
Double Pass 6 μ water vapor spectrum.
Sin g I e Pass spec under same slit conditions.
Featured in the Winter issue are: DOUBLE PASS PRINCIPLE New Instrument Developments INFRAREP IN THE GRAPHIC ARTS Product Control at A. B. Dick ELECTROPHORESIS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH New I n s i r h t Into Shock
tmm
ow
YV^A/f instrument (.75 for infrared). T h e Model 99 is essentially t h e PerkinElmer Model 83 Universal Monochroma tor plus the double pass feature.
Y o u c a n receive 8 - p a g e Instrument N e w s . Write The Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Dept. CEN, Main Avenue (Route 7), Norwalk, Conn.
New Infrared Spectrometer—The a d v a n tages of the double pass m o n o c h r o m a t o r for infrared spectroscopy are of consid erable importance. F o r qualitative work the improved resolution means greater discriminatory powers for the spectrom eter
