New Pump-Testing Facility May Reduce Testing Costs
Foam is a WASTE
Foam is a § HAZARD
Stop foam with silicones Faster acting, longer lasting: Dow Corning Silicones control foam . . • prevent waste and reduce hazards from even the most persistent foamers. Other advantages: Silicone foam sup p r e s s o r s help you to enjoy greater production capacity, lower maintenance costs, better product uniformity and quality. When foam goes, profit grows.
Write for a trial sample and full data. Indicate whether foamer is oil, aqueous, or food system. Address Dept. 1817, Chemical Products Division, Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Michigan.
Dow 58
C&EN
Corning MAY
6,
1963
A new pump-testing facility is now in operation at Allis-Chalmers' Norwood, Ohio, plant. The system, which can duplicate actual installation condi tions, simplifies testing and cuts down on time to make a test. According to A-C, the complete test from initial priming and start-up through all nec essary operating points and data col lection can be handled by one operator without leaving the console control. As a result, the company expects that testing costs will be greatly reduced. The facility can handle pumps with capacities ranging from 23 gal. per minute to 15,000 gal. per minute at heads from 0 to 922 ft. Suction tests can be made at up to 20 ft. of static lift and positive suction as high as 82 in. Future expansions should boost this positive suction to 25 ft., A-C says. The company also expects that further modifications should make the system almost completely automatic within the next year. A-C hopes to link the control system to an IBM 1620 computer system. This will be able to establish the type of test, the num ber of points to be taken, and the time interval between each test point. The computer will control the test cycle completely. The data will be reduced to an in telligible form by appropriate calcu lations, and these data will then be automatically printed out on a data sheet. Necessary curves will be auto matically plotted and will be used as documentary evidence that the tests have been successfully completed. The test facility can be used to measure ability of a pump to operate under low pressures. In such a test the pump is run at constant capacity, speed, and temperature. The facility has also been designed to test pumps under a static head of up to 25 ft. This will be done by add ing a cover to the deep end and ap plying an air pressure of 0 to 10 p.s.i. In addition to this, the test pit can also be used to study intake structure design. View ports have been in stalled in the walls of both the deep and shallow ends of the pit. When tests are done, cameras and lighting can be put in these areas. Vibration tests of vertical pumps can be made in the deep end. So too can the sound testing of large pumps to determine the level and frequency of liquid and structurally borne noise.
TechniLab
COOL STIR and HEAT STIR Cool Stir is an air-cooled magnetic s t i r r e r — t h e plate t e m p e r a t u r e will not rise more than 5° C. Ideal for prolonged stirring, at speeds from barely t u r n i n g to a vigorous vortex. On-Off switch so speed setting need not be disturbed; Top 5 χ 5". $3750 Heat Stir has adjustable tempera t u r e control. Magnetic s t i r r e r has speed r a n g e from, zero (Off) to $3500 2800 RPM. Top 8 χ 8". Ask for Data File
305.
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A D M - I O Microbiological Analysis of Water and Milk. Contains detailed instructions for coliform tests, total counts, biological examinations and other procedures based on the use of the Millipore tilter. The Millipore technique for water analysis is an A.P.H.A. Standard Method. 24 pages A D M - 2 0 Sterilizing Filtration and Sterility Testing. Describes techniques for using Millipore filters to sterilize pharmaceutical and biological solutions. Includes new MF technique for sterility testing of antibiotics in accordance with F.D.A. regulations. 30 pages. A D M - 4 0 Techniques for Microbiological Analysis. In cludes procedures for using Millipore filters in the micro biological analysis of aerosols, clinical fluids, beer, soft drinks, fuels, hydraulic fluids, cutting oils, surfaces and utensils. 30 pages. OTHER TECHNICAL LITERATURE AVAILABLE T B - 9 6 1 Millipore General Brochure. Describes all Millipore filters, apparatus and accessories together with an outline of principal applications. Complete specifica tions and prices are included. 40 pages.
B I B L I O G R A P H Y A reference listing of published information concerning applications of Millipore Filters. 24 pages.
Millipore
COL£5RAT.ON
125 A S H B Y R O A D , B E D F O R D , M A S S . Millipore filters are cellulose plastic porous membranes made in twelve different pore-size grades from 8 microns down to 10 millimicrons. All particles larger than pore size are retained on the filter surface.
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Technique Makes Large Plastic Moldings A new injection molding technique for molding extremely large plastic items has been developed by Marbon Chem ical, Washington, W.Va. The tech nique is called injection welding or unitized molding. The technique consists of assem bling precut blanks of plastic sheet in the mold cavity. Heated plastic is in jected and fills the rest of the cavity, welding the parts together. According to Marbon, savings result in tooling, equipment, plastic, and power, since much lower pressures are needed than with conventional mold ing. For example, in a Marbon ex periment in molding a 15-gal. indus trial wastebasket, 900 tons were needed to hold the mold closed with conventional molding. Only 325 tons were needed to mold the four sides when the bottom of the mold was filled with precut sheets, 175 tons when two halves of the basket were welded. Savings in material come from hold ing wall thicknesses to those struc turally necessary, rather than those needed to permit flow.
Titanium Fasteners Feature Boost in Strength A line of tension bolts rated at more than 200,000 p.s.i. tensile strength has been introduced by Standard Pressed Steel Co., Jenkintown, Pa. Made of lAl-8V-5Fe titanium alloy, they are the strongest threaded fasteners per unit weight yet devel oped, according to the company. The bolts have a minimum lot-average fatigue rating of 65,000 cycles at 100,000 p.s.i. maximum stress. Expected applications of the Hi Ti 20 series fasteners include satellite packages, aircraft structures, and marine hydrofoils, where high strength is required and weight restrictions are severe. The fasteners may be used with steel or titanium locknuts as well as in tapped structures. Available in sizes from No. 10 through V 2 -in., the fasteners have a strength-to-density ratio of 1.24 mil lion in.-257c greater than that of pre vious titanium fasteners, the company says. Three series of shear bolts made from the same alloy are rated at 140,000 p.s.i. tensile strength and 65,000 cycles fatigue life at 70,000 p.s.i. maxi mum stress. Ε 30
REXYN
ION EXCHANGE RESINS IN THREE PURITY GRADES There are 40 Fisher Rexyn* ion exchange resins, including organic and inorganic resins in strong and weak acid and base, and mixed acid-base forms. Take your choice of these three purity grades: 1M Research Grade Rexyn provides extremely high purity and regen eration efficiency required in ultrasensitive analytical technique and research. Maximum metallic impurities: Fe, 0.005%; Cu, 0.0025%; Pb, 0.0025%; Ni, 0.0025%. 2 . Chromatographic Grade Rexyn, designed for ion exchange chromatography, is available in two particle sizes (100-200 and 200-400 mesh); gives excellent resolution and sharp, clear separations. Maximum metallic im purities: Fe, 0.05%; Cu, 0.005%; Pb, 0.001%; Ni, 0.002%. 3 . Analytical Grade Rexyn is economical, ideal for routine analytical use and pilot plant operations. Lot analysis of key chemical and physical properties on each label. For reference chart listing all Rexyn ion exchange resins, write Fisher Scientific Company, 101 J-190 Fisher Building, Pittsburgh 19, Pa. *Fisher Scientific Company Trademark
FISHER SCIENTIFIC World's Largest Manufacturer-Distributor of Laboratory Appliances & Reagent Chemicals Boston · Chicago · Fort Worth · Houston · New York · Odessa, Tex. · Philadelphia Pittsburgh · St. Louis · Union, N. J. · Washington · Edmonton · Montreal · Toronto MAY
6, 1 9 6 3 C & E N
59
Sonic Energy, Centrifuge Combined in Defoamer A new centrifugal/sonic machine for continuous-flow defoaming or deaerating has extended the range of foams that can be handled by ultrasonic en ergy. According to the developer, Teknika, Inc., the machine was created to combat those heavy foams that have resisted purely sonic techniques. Such foams, according to the Hart ford, Conn., firm, include many en countered in chemical, dairy, pulp and paper, pharmaceutical, and food proc essing. Latex, milk and cream, de tergents, paper coatings, and chemi cals with viscosities up to 500 centipoises are some of these. The machine has a low-acceleration, low-speed centrifuge that drains liquid from the foams fed to it. The weakened foam, Teknika explains, is then easily broken by ultrasonic en ergy generated inside the equipment. Called the Sontrifuge, the machine turns out product with less than 0.5% included air by volume, or less than 100 p.p.m. by weight, Teknika says. It includes its own pumping mecha nism and automatic controls so that it can be incorporated and installed in existing processes without the need for extensive modifications. The Sontrifuge is made of stainless steel. Transducers are driven by com pressed air. Four models, based on deaerated liquid output are available: 2.5 to 10; 20 to 40; 30 to 60; and 200 to 500 gal. per min. Specific output depends on liquid viscosity. Air consumption varies from 25 to 125 standard cu. ft. per minute, depending on size. Ε 31
Firm Expands Line Of Large-Port Valves For High-Pressures
Reactor Driven Magnetically Pressure Products Industries, Inc., Hatboro, Pa., has introduced a new magnetically driven, stirred reactor. According to the firm, the drive elimi nates leaks because internal carbon bearings normally used have been re placed by Teflon bearings. The inner magnets follow the outer driver mag nets by magnetic coupling. The magnetically driven reactor is available in 300-ml., 1- and 2-liter, 1- and 5-gal., and larger capacities. Pressure rating can range up to 30,000 p.s.i. Variable speed, air or hydraulic, or fixed electric speed drive motors can be furnished. The absence of packing makes continuous operation practical, the firm says. Ε 32 60
C&EN
MAY
6,
1963
BRIEFS Dow Chemical is offering a new water soluble film. Still experimental, the film is a polyglycol-based material. It comes under the Lexel trade name, has good high- and low-temperature solubility, Dow says. Also, it has better yield than polyvinyl alcohol films, costs 2 5 % less than PVA. It is currently being used by Lestoil Corp. to package individual packets of Lestare. The material is unstable in the presence of products containing caustic, Dow cautions, and hasn't been approved for food use as yet.
Autoclave Engineers has expanded its line of large-port valves, which includes this hand-operated model for high pressure production use. Valves now come in work ing pressures from 6000 to 45,000 p.s.i., in sizes up to 3 in. Air-operated (with manual override), hand-operated, and motor-actuated units, as well as nonreturn check valves, make up the line. Seats are removable, and a nonrotating stem helps to prolong stem and seat life. Uses, the Erie, Pa., firm says, range from ammonia, urea, and polyethylene plants to high-pres sure air and hydraulic systems. Ε 33
Diallyl phthalate resin-based ma terials form an integral part of an undersea telephone cable amplifier de veloped by Bell Laboratories for Western Electric. The materials are expected to help ensure continuous operation of the amplifier for years at great ocean depths. The amplifiers must withstand pressures of over 5850 p.s.i. and operate for over 20 years. Supporting forms, bases, housings, shields, and cores for the electrical components of the amplifier are molded from a special Orion fiberreinforced compound based on FMC's Dapon resin.
ORONITE FUMARIC ACID ORONITE Fumaric Acid that qualifies for food additive use now is available in commercial quantities. You are assured of top quality in any application of this versatile dibasic acid due to highest standards of quality control and ultra-modern facilities.
ORONITE offers technical assistance in your use and processing of fumaric acid and the other dibasic acids—phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, isophthalic, terephthalic acid—and makes savings possible on com bination shipments from central ware houses located for fast delivery. Write today for product samples and tech nical data—or ask to have an ORONITE rep resentative call on you.
CALIFORNIA C H E M I C A L C O M P A N Y Oronite Division · 200 Bush Street, San Francisco 20 New York . W i l m i n g t o n · Chicago · Cincinnati · Cleveland · Houston · Los Angeles · San Francisco · Seattle C A L I F O R N I A C H E M I C A L I N T E R N A T I O N A L . I N C . . P a n a m a · Sao P a u l o · G e n e v a · Tokyo · San F r a n c i s c o T.M.
REG. U . S . PAT. O F F . : O R O N I T E
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NEW CHEMICALS
OXYALKYLATES YOUR ORGANICS
Trimesoyl trichloride, the acid chloride of trimesic acid, is available in semicommercial quantities from the organic chemicals department of Interchemical Corp., New York, N.Y. The product contains no sulfur or other inorganic impurities, according to the firm. Interchemical suggests the material for use in high-temperature resins and adhesives and fibers. It also has application as an organic intermediate. C 1
Single crystals of several materials are available from Semi-Elements, Inc., Saxonburg, Pa. Included are alpha titanium, magnesium fluoride, and manganese zinc ferrite. Magnesium fluoride is the preferred material for infrared and ultraviolet windows. Availability of manganese zinc ferrite is expected to stimulate studies on use of this material in the microwave region, according to the firm. C2
An oil-resistant organic coating that air dries in 20 to 30 min. has been developed by Bradley & Vrooman Co., Chicago, 111. Called Sterilkote OR, the material is suggested for use on small utility motors, air compressors, and other products where oil resistance is required. The material is available in colors in both metallic and straight pigmented. C3
TO ALTER: FLUIDITY SOLUBILITY SURFACE TENSION INTERFACIAL TENSION POUR POINT CLOUD POINT
to your order •* Nalco oxyalkylation abilities (we oxyalkylate anything that is oxyalkylatableî) and facilities (runs from 5 to 50,000 lbs. or more) grew from need for special oxyalkylation products, usually unavailable from commercial sources. You need not wander in search of oxyalkylation or specialized modification as we did . . . Let us know what you need done, and let us worry about getting it done right. Delivery dates and cost estimates will reach you promptly.
NA1CO CHEMICAL COMPANY 6199 West 66th Place · Chicago 38, III. Subsidiaries in England, Italy, Mexico, Venezuela and West Germany
Spain,
In Canada:
Ontario
Alchem Limited,
Burlington,
OXYALKYLATION PRODUCTS for INDUSTRY
Series of dyes for polypropylene, developed by Farbenfabriken Bayer, A.G., will be distributed by Verona Dyestuffs, Union, N.J. The dyes are especially suited for metallized fibers, according to Verona. Dye cycle is short, does not require any unusual treatments or procedures, the firm adds. Yellows, blues, oranges, and Bordeauxes are included. C4
Aerosol insecticide concentrate, available from S. B. Penick & Co., St. Louis, Mo., contains synergized pyrethrins with DDVP (2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate). The concentrate contains Penick's Sulfoxide synergist, produces a finished product with 0.50% DDVP, 0.20% pyrethrins, and 1.0% Sulfoxide. Controllable insect species, Penick says, include roaches, silverfish, and waterbugs. C5
WHICH WASH BOTTLE HAS CORROSIVE IN IT? You can tell at a glance—or a touch! New Nalgene® safety wash bottles are blow molded of red polyethylene for instant recognition of dangerous or unusual contents, and ribbed for accurate identification by f e e l . . . your assurance of added safety in handling. But these differences are only on the outside. AN Nalgene wash bottles are proof against acids, caustics and organic solvents—easy to fill, cap and squeeze. Safety wash bottles in 250 and 500 ml. only; regular wash bottles in 6 sizes from 30 to 1000 ml. Ask your lab supply dealer about Nalgene labware. Hundreds of items, from test tubes to carboys, in chemically inert, unbreakable plastic. Or, write for our catalog, Dept. 2629. The Nalge Co., Inc., Rochester 2, N.Y.
NALGENE LABWARE Leader in quality plastic labware since 1949
62
C&EN
MAY 6, 1963
2-Ethyl ethylene imine has been added to the line of imine chemicals available from the organic chemicals department of Interchemical Corp., New York, N.Y. The company expects the chem ical to find use in preparing imine de rivatives with slower reactivity than available until now. Minimum purity is 9 5 % , the company says. C6
Industrial detergent, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, has been developed by National Aniline Division of Allied Chemical, New York, N.Y. It com bines mildness and high-foaming prop erties, comes in flake form, according to the company. The product, called Lathanol LAL-70, is free-flowing, has a density of 0.46 gram per cc. Uses include toothpastes, bubble baths, and detergent bars. C7
Resamide extra, a synthetic anionic resist agent for polyamide fibers is being marketed by Althouse Chemical, Reading, Pa. The product prevents direct dyes from dyeing or staining fibers. It can be used for resisting all types of polyamide fibers—either as filament, spun, textured, shaped, or modified—and is most useful with blends or mixtures of polyamide and cellulosic fibers, the company says. Dyeing properties of neutral acid, neu tral premetallized acid, or dispersed dyes aren't impaired. C 8
from KAY-FRIES Further information on keyed Equipment and Chemical items is readily available . . .
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One of our compatriots in the industry has recently spoken on these pages about a resin his company makes in quantities which surprise all concerned, especially since no special promotional effort had been exerted to build the market. He struck a familiar note because we happen to have a couple which seem to have acted much the same way. We refer to Methyl Chloroacetate and Ethyl Chloro acetate which we have made for several years now and where a respectable volume of use has gradually built up. Maybe it's just because the cost is definitely on the low side (truckload lots at less than 45^/lb.), but then again, it might be that these just happen to be quite good synthetic intermediates, too. Let's ex plore this possibility briefly with a look at the chemistry of the chloroacetates. Probably the most interesting reaction which we have seen is the Darzens glycidic ester condensation. By this technique and using either Methyl Chloroacetate or Ethyl Chloroacetate, one is able to make aldehydes containing one more carbon atom than the starting ketone or alde hyde. The reaction proceeds as follows:
· Î J I I S ·
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Very ingenious! Moreover, because the reaction conditions are considered to be relatively mild, this is a particularly use ful process in cases where the starting aldehyde or ketone is expensive or sub ject to degradation if mistreated. It seems reasonable to suggest then that when you need to make an aldehyde just one carbon larger than an available alde hyde or ketone, you should not hesitate to consider using the Darzens glycidic ester reaction. The Ethyl Chloroacetate and Methyl Chloroacetate which you will need are commercially available at low prices from Kay-Fries. Review informa tion is available in the literature on how to carry out the reaction. Incidentally, we have some data sheets available for the asking which describe typical reactions and properties of Methyl Chloroacetate. Just write to us for a data sheet or sample if you have specific ideas.
Kay-Fries Chemicals, Inc. 360 Lexington Ave., New York 17, N.Y. MAY 6, 1963 C&EN
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