Botulism Background Six serologically distinct types of Clostridium botulinum, the organism that produces the botulism toxin, are known throughout the world. Botulism is not common among humans, but it kills thousands of wild ducks and geese in Utah and Colorado. It's also found in mink and South African cattle. Botulism antitoxins have been used experimentally on animals. They aren't very effective, however, unless used very soon after infection, says Dr. Daniel A. Boroff of the Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia. Prophylactic immunization, he says, is
the only sure protection against the disease. The toxin, a protein, affects the nervous system and is blocked by serotonin, a derivative of the amino acid tryptophan. Dr. Boroff has shown that the toxin fluoresces under ultraviolet. Procedures and reagents that stop the fluorescence, which depends on tryptophan, destroy the toxicity. And some substances remove the toxicity without stopping the fluorescence. Dr. Boroff believes the toxicity may be related to tryptophan. Dr. Boroff took an interest in C. botulinum in 1949, when he was a visiting scientist at the Pasteur Institute in Paris.
Word-for-word translation of Chinese sentence and version produced by human translator show differences from translation by experimental machine developed by International Business Machines for Air Force Systems Command. Machine's input system is based on method of classifying characters that allows non-Chinese-speaking operator to encode 6500 Chinese characters by hand. A large Chinese-English machine dictionary now being prepared will extend vocabulary, and a device is being developed that will eliminate hand encoding.
Word-for'-Word Translation: Recently discover/discovery magnetic core (de) switching time possible shorten, therefore use/consume it come make even high speed (de) storage device ( l e ) . HANK ARKENS is the man behind the eyes . . . and the company behind the man is ANSUL. Hank Arkens is an expert on Sulfur Dioxide—a product Ansul has been making for 4 8 years. Hank has spent a good part of his life counseling and advising American industry on profitableand practical uses of SO2. His experience is available to you along with every pound of Ansul Sulfur Dioxide. For complete technical data or problem-solving consultation, write HANK ARKENS
Machine Translation: Recently discover switching time of magnetic cone possible shorten, therefore possible use it in order to make storage device of even higher speed. Human Translation:
ANSUL CHEMICAL COMPANY
It has been discovered recently that the switching time of
MARINETTE, WISCONSIN
magnetic cores can be shortened.
They, therefore, can be
used to make storage devices of even higher speed. 116
C&EN
JUNE
17, 196 3
