Nitroxyl Modified Tobacco Mosaic Virus as a Metal-Free High

May 17, 2018 - ... non-invasive detection of superoxide in deep tissue remains a challenge. Herein, we report a metal-free magnetic resonance imaging ...
0 downloads 0 Views 2MB Size
Subscriber access provided by Warwick University Library

Article

Nitroxyl Modified Tobacco Mosaic Virus as a Metal-Free High-Relaxivity MRI and EPR Active Superoxide Sensor Madushani Dharmarwardana, Andre F Martins, Zhuo Chen, Philip Palacios, Chance M Nowak, Raymond P Welch, Shaobo Li, Michael Andrew Luzuriaga, Leonidas Bleris, Brad S. Pierce, A Dean Sherry, and Jeremiah J Gassensmith Mol. Pharmaceutics, Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00262 • Publication Date (Web): 17 May 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on May 20, 2018

Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts.

is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties.

Page 1 of 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Molecular Pharmaceutics

Nitroxyl Modified Tobacco Mosaic Virus as a MetalFree High-Relaxivity MRI and EPR Active Superoxide Sensor MadushaniDharmarwardana,a† André F. Martins,a,e†ZhuoChen,a Philip M. Palacios,d Chance M. Nowak,b Raymond P. Welch,aShaoboLi,a Michael A. Luzuriaga,a Leonidas Bleris,b Brad S. Pierce,d A. Dean Sherry,a,e Jeremiah J. Gassensmitha,c,* a

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, bDepartment of Biological Sciences, cDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA. dDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA. eAdvanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA. KEYWORDS Tobacco mosaic virus, reactive oxygen species, magnetic resonance imaging, electron paramagnetic resonance, bio-conjugation, Organic radical contrast agents

ABSTRACT:Superoxide overproduction is known to occur in multiple disease states requiring critical care yet non-invasive detection of superoxide in deep tissue remains a challenge. Herein, we report a metal-free magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) active contrast agent prepared by “click conjugating” paramagnetic organic radical contrast agents (ORCAs) to the surface of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). While ORCAs are known to be reduced in vivoto an MRI/EPR silent state, their oxidation is facilitated specifically by reactive oxygen species—in particular superoxide—and are largely unaffected by peroxides and molecular oxygen. Unfortunately, single molecule ORCAs typically offer weak MRI contrast. In contrast, our data confirm that the macromolecular ORCA-TMV conjugates show marked enhancement for T1 contrast at low field (