INTE RNATIONAL
Nonferrous Metals Growing Fast in Europe Aluminum paces the pack, but all Europe leans heavily on imports as consumption outpaces production Nonferrous metals are the latest example of Europe's fast-growing economy. Aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, tin, and nickel are riding the crest of a sharp expansion wave, and each of them set new records last year, according to a just-published study by the Organiza-
tion for European Economic Cooperation. All signs point to continued growth in 1961, although perhaps at a slower rate. Leading the pack in the 18 OEEC nations is aluminum, whose consumption in I960 jumped some 40'r over
1959 consumption. Consumption of both nickel and copper increased more than 20(/f, while lead, zinc, and tin rose about 10 r r. The source of the rising demand is the spread of economic well-being through the 18-nation community, resulting in more an-
Consumption of Nonferrous Metals Outpaces Production (Figures are for the 18 OEEC nations.)
Production • • • •
COPPER, refined and blister
PRIMARY ALUMINUM
REFINED LEAD
REFINED ZINC
: SourceTbrj&nization for EumpeanEm^
62
Consumption
C&EN
J A N . 2 3, 1 9 6 1
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tomobiles, more mechanical and elec trical construction, more and fancier packaging. The growth in consumption of nonferrous metals does not seem to be a flash in the pan. The OEEC nations are well below the U.S. in per capita consumption of these metals and have half again as many people. But for the short term, OEEC points out, the outlook is "somewhat uncertain." De mand for the products of the major users of non ferrous metals is expected to soften for a while, mirroring the U.S. economy. And the growing pains of Europe's economic blocs add to the uncertainty. Consumption Patterns. Use of nonferrous metals is tied closely to over all industrial activity. In fact, OEEC says, the metals markets have antici pated and amplified changes in the general economic situation in Europe. When the economy was expanding rapidly—in 1950 and again in 1954 and 1955—metal consumption rose more than was needed to satisfy the industrial growth. The converse has also been true, OEEC adds. Since the OEEC area has grown faster than the western world as a whole, it has assumed more impor tance as a consumer of nonferrous metals. The area is now almost as im portant as the U.S. (40% of world consumption compared to 42% for the U.S.), whereas it lagged considerably only 10 years ago (36'Ά compared to 50% for the U.S.). During this shift, the various Euro pean nations have also shifted the or der of their relative importance as markets. The United Kingdom, for example, which used about 40% of European consumption in 1950, now uses only about 30% . The Common Market nations, with their higher growth rates, have upped their share from 50% to about 60%. However,
Consumption—OEEC Gains on U.S. Kilograms per Capita 1950 OEEC Aluminum Copper
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the U.K. is still the biggest single im porting and consuming country. West Germany is a close second, accounting for 26% of OEEC's nonferrous metals consumption. France, with 17%, stands third, and Italy stands fourth with 9 7 c This corresponds well with over-all economic activities in OEEC's member nations. Production Patterns. Because of special factors—hydroelectric power, colonies, natural gas, and the like—the largest consumers of nonferrous met als in OEEC are not always the largest producers. France, West Germany, and Norway are the three big alumi num producers, for example, provid ing some 70% of OEEC production; each has about the same volume. Fourth is Austria, with about half the output of each of the big three. For copper, Belgium (including the Congo) takes the honors, followed, and not too closely, by Germany and the U.K. Suprisingly, the upset in the Congo has not had any major effect on copper production. Germany produces the most lead, followed by the U.K., Belgium, France, Spain, Italy, and Sweden. Belgium leads in zinc production, with Germany, France, Italy, and the U.K. as other important factors. Import Dependence. Despite the large and ever-growing capacity within OEEC for producing the nonferrous metals, the area is depending even more on imports than it has in the past. Almost three times as much aluminum is imported into OEEC countries now as was the case 10 years ago, despite the fact that OEEC ca pacity is three and a half times what it was then. Copper imports have doubled in the same period, and lead and zinc imports are 50% higher. Last year, in fact, more than half of OEEC's consumption of nonferrous metals was imported.
Lead Zinc
1.5 Kg. 3.5 2.3 2.7
1959 U.S.
OEEC"
U.S.
5.4 Kg.
3.3 Kg. 5.1 3.0 3.6
10.3 Kg. 7.3 3.4 4.6
8.5 5.3 6.0
h a division of EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
64
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Source: Organization for European Economic Cooperation
BRIEFS Monsanto Chemicals, Ltd., will expand polyethylene capacity by about 50% at its plant at Fawley, Southampton, England. The expansion, to be on stream early in 1963, will bring the plant's capacity well above 50 million pounds per year.
Ciba has moved to increase its penetration of the international market for photochemical products and processes by acquiring a majority interest in Tel I ko of Fribourg, Switzerland. Tellko, a photochemicals specialist, will benefit by gaining access to capital it needs for plant expansion and research.
Weir Valves, Ltd., Glasgow, Scotland, will make products of Pacific Valves, Inc., Long Beach, Calif., and sell them throughout the world, except in the U.S. Under the agreement, Weir has issued an unspecified number of common shares to Pacific Valves and has changed its name to Weir-Pacific Valves, Ltd. Weir is controlled by G. & J. Weir Holdings, Ltd.
Wheelabrator Corp. of Canada, Ltd., has been formed to succeed the Canadian division of Wheelabrator Corp., Mishawaka, Ind. The new company will supply airless blast cleaning equipment, abrasives, and dust and fume collection systems from a plant at Scarborough, Ont., and will have an office in Montreal.
French basic oxygen process is used in a 60 ton converter now being operated by Usinor at Denain, France, for producing low-carbon, low-phosphorus steels from high-phosphorus iron. The method, also called the OLP process (injection of oxygen-lime-powder), was developed by Institut de Recherches de la Sidérurgie (IRSID), which says the process has been developed to the point that it can produce with assurance carbon steels of up to at least 0.5c/c carbon from iron containing 1.87c phosphorus. The OLP process, IRSID says, will be used in 140 ton converters in a steel plant now being built at Dunkirk, and a 30 ton converter has been operating for some time on three shifts at Dillingen in the Saar.
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