.\la:., 1930
IXDLiSTI1IIL A N D ENGIXEEEIING CHEMISTRY
487
Vane g t d e Mulkipie guide ryne of Guide on Vi(icu~eThread Structures
libers. I n the preseiit work, still far from complete, it has been found that the rayon patterns are always more diffuse and the micelles smaller than in the native raw material. Kouever, this factor is fouud to vary with conditions from perhaps 150 nearly to 500 8. for the chain lcngt.hs, and evidently may be controllcd within limits. Certainly micellar size is a characteristic of equal importance, both theoretically and practically, with the type and degree of preferred orientation of the micelles with respect to the fiber axis, to which primary attention has heen given in this pnper. A later contribution will present detailed data on the analysis of microphotometric curves for diffraction patterns arid OIL t,he search for large periodicities by direct diffractiun. Other things being equal, a marked decrease in rmicellar length can mean only that the chemical treatment in manufacture has been sufficiently severe to break priinary valence bonds irreversibly, corresponding to a mechanical tensile value 01 800 kg. per sq. nini., or more than five times that of thestrorigest steel. In order to obtain a product of the highest possible quality t,he eeiiulose micelle must be broken down and degraded as little as possible. As sulfidiug seems to cause more degradation than mercerizing, the addition of carbon disulfide in the viscose process should be as small as possible, consistent with sufficient dispersion to enable the product to be spun, rrhich is in accordance with modern industrial practice. l'hr &ion of Schir.eizer's cuprammoniutn hydroxide sohi-
tiou on cellulose can also be interpreted on similar application of the micelle concept; in order to get the dispersion of the cellulose required, it is sufficient to cause a number of hydroxyl groups in the cellulose to react just enough to allow the amount of imbibition that will cause dispersion, and there is nothing to be gained by causing more hydroxyl groups to react. The fact that cuprammonium silk has always been esteemed for its high quality is suggested as indicating that thc reagent is able to svell and disperse cellulose with relatively little diminution of the micelle size in some such way as by allowing much wat~erto he imbibed witli relatively few Iiydrou,vl groups macting (3). Literature Cited ( 1 ) Aodress. 2. phvsik. C i c m . ,
4B,190 (1929)
( 5 ) llcrrog, J . P h y s . Chem.. SO, 457 (1926).
(6) Hesn and Kat.. "Die Chemic der Zellulose und i k e P IXcgIciter," p. 647. Leipzig, 1928. (7) Iaue, V D ~ 2. , Krisl.. 6 4 115 (19261. (81 Mark, MeNiandr' Texlilbcr.. SondwerdrucR. No. 9 (19291, (9) Mark and Meyer. Ber., 81. 593 (1928): 2. fihysik. Cbeni.. BE, 118 (1929). ( I O ) Murk and Sesich, N a I u r 7 ~ i r r e ~ ~ c J ~41, a ~ I803 m , (1929). (11) Mark and Snsicb. 2. phyiik. Chem., 4B,431 (I929J. (12) Nrrzy-Szabo end Sasich, Ibid., 180, 616 (1927): 184, 264 (19281. (13) Spoosler, Pinnf Phyriol., 4, 329 (1929). 0 4 ) Trillrl, . I . fiiiys. radiiroi, 10, 370 11829).
Notes on Lubricating Greases Made from the Soaps of
Phenyl-Stearic Acid' William S. Gilfoil
l l ~ c ' z b i Ni A
OLLR ~ ~ Y L S LCURPORATIOI-, NG S a ~ c v m ~ u LA. ~1.
\: .\lLIOCS
greascs \wre in:& from the phenyl-stearates mid their propertics compared wit,li the oleate greases. The phenyl-stearic acid as made froin technical (08.5 per cent,) oleic acid, e. 12. heiiaene, arid technical aluminum cliloride, ailhydrous (1). The resultatit product, when saponified
with calciuni hydroxide, and compounded with mineral oil in the usual manner, formed lubricants having the same properties as the calciuni oleate greases. The sodium-base greases were also very sirniiar t.o the oorrespondillg sodiom oleate greases. Phenyl-stearic acid was dissolved iii 93 1"" cent ethanol, I
Received March 27, 1930.
nrid the lead s i q preciipitatcd with lead acctate. Lcud plieiiyl-stearate is a white compound, insoluble in ctliaiiol
and water, slightly soluble in diotliyl etbor, and somerrhat. soluble in rniiicral oils. Its solution in miiieral oil corresponds to the cominercial lead oleate grease. The soaps of phenyl-stearic acid will makc as good, but no better, greases than the oleates. The cost of the phenylstearic acid will be so inuch higher than that of oleic acid as to render its commrrcini use as a lubricant base irnpract,ical. Literature Cited (1)
Scbimdl, J. Lnz. Chem. Sor.. 68, 1172 (1930).
