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Novel Plasma-assisted Low Temperature Processed SnO2 Thin Films for Efficient Flexible Perovskite Photovoltaics Anand S. Subbiah, Nripan Mathews, Subodh G. Mhaisalkar, and Shaibal K. Sarkar ACS Energy Lett., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00692 • Publication Date (Web): 31 May 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on May 31, 2018
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ACS Energy Letters
Novel Plasma-assisted Low Temperature Processed SnO2 Thin Films for Efficient Flexible Perovskite Photovoltaics Anand S. Subbiah†, Nripan Mathews‡ , Subodh Mhaisalkar‡ and Shaibal K. Sarkar†* †
Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India-
400076. ‡
Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Research Techno Plaza, X-Frontier Block, Level
5, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore-637553. ⁑
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang
Avenue, Singapore 639798.
Corresponding Author
*
Email:
[email protected] ACS Paragon Plus Environment
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ABSTRACT
The recent evolution of solution processed hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite-based photovoltaic devices opens up the commercial avenue for high throughput Roll-to-Roll (R2R) manufacturing technology. To circumvent the thermal limitations that hinder the use of metal oxide charge transport layers on plastic flexible substrates in such technologies, we employed a relatively low power nitrogen plasma treatment to achieve compact SnO2 thin film electrodes at near room temperature. The perovskite photovoltaic devices thus fabricated using N2 plasma treated SnO2 performed at par with thermally annealed SnO2 electrodes and resulted in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ca. 20.3% with stabilized power output (SPO) of ca. 19.1% on rigid substrates. Furthermore, the process is extended to realize flexible perovskite solar cells on ITO coated PET substrates with champion PCE of 18.1% (SPO ca.17.1%), which retained ca. 90% of its initial performance after 1000 bending cycles. Our investigations reveal that deep ultraviolet irradiation associated with N2 and N2O plasma emission play a major role in obtaining good quality metal oxide thin films at lower temperatures and offers promise towards facile integration of a wide variety of metal oxides on flexible substrates.
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ACS Energy Letters
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TOC GRAPHICS
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ACS Energy Letters
The last decade has witnessed significant advances in the technological development of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), that render commercialization of the solution-processed photovoltaic devices1-2. Conjunctional research efforts in material development3-6, process methodology7-9 and device configuration10-13 have resulted in immense transformations in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% in 200914 to 22.1% in 201715. Such advancements have given way to long desired flexible solar cells that retain extensive advantages in comparison to rigid substrates16-18. However, the major bottleneck in the realization of cost-effective flexible PSCs lies in establishing an alternative strategy to overcome the conventionally used thermal intensive process for oxide layer deposition19-23. Thermally stable flexible substrates such as titanium foil24-25, stainless steel fiber26 and flexible willow glass27 are often used to overcome these process limitations with notable success, yet, they are unlikely to render an economical solution and are currently limited by their availability.
From a commercial perspective, cheaper polymer plastic substrates such as poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) and poly-ethylene naphthalate (PEN) are best suited for flexible perovskite devices16,
28-29
. Owing to their thermal limitations, developing the entire perovskite device
architecture via reduced thermal intensive processes (
