ο solution
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WM PETROLITE SUBSIDIARY
industrial waste disposal systems IPCI specializes in the disposal of liquid and solid waste materials through disposal wells, chemical treatment, biological treatment and incineration. Where a sub-surface system is indicated, we provide: — Geological feasibility studies for injection in your plant area — Studies to determine the neces sary pre-injection surface treat ment of your material — Engineering design and contract installation of the entire surface and subsurface systems — Continued supervision of the op eration and maintenance of the fluid injection system IPCI is equipped to handle waste materials on a contract basis and function as a waste disposal utility for industrial complexes. IPCI services include use of Petrolite research laboratories for chem ical analysis utilized in process de sign. Write today for more information.
A SUBSIDIARY
INTERNATIONAL POLLUTION CONTROL, INC.
Industrial Waste Consultants and Contractors (Formerly International Disposal Contractors. We changed our name because we enlarged our services.) Suite 355, Permanent {Sayings Bldg· EYansYille, Indiana 47708 34 C&EN JAN. 1, 1968
The degree of approximation depends on how many cubes, and therefore how many equations, are included in the format. Also, any particle can be put into the large cubical system ac cording to any specified statistical distribution. Isothermal and insulation require ments of the proper boundary planes, a temperature potential, and the initial system temperature were added to the synthetic system. Then the actual temperature distribution, heat flows, and thermal conductivity were calcu lated. The assumptions, dimension, and conditions were combined in a digital simulation which was programed for an IBM 7040. Experimental data were then added for the various suspen sions. The thermal conductivities ob tained with the model are at least slightly better than those obtained with various models developed by eight other groups, Dr. Baxley says. With the model, generally high er rors are observed with increased sever ity parameters—the ratio of the ther mal conductivities of solid/liquid and the volume fraction of solids. Large values for the severity parameters in crease the variance of predicted ther mal conductivities for suspensions pre pared to have the volume fraction of solids above 0.010. The variance, however, was less than 0.010 for 69% of the tests they made.
Nuclear plant to sell Dow power and steam Without Dow Chemical's contract the nuclear plant (C&EN, Dec. 18, 1967, page 31) wouldn't have been feasible, says Consumers Power Co. president James H. Campbell. "A smaller plant would be economically impossible." The plant in question is the $267 mil lion, twin-reactor nuclear power plant the Jackson, Mich., based utility will build across the Tittabawssee River from Dow's Midland, Mich., chemical complex. The first reactor is due to come up in May 1974; the second will follow a year later. The 1300-Mw(e). generating sta tion will provide Dow's process steam—up to 4 million pounds of steam per hour—as well as its power requirements. Total energy capacity of the two light-water reactors is 1500 M w ( e ) . The plant is still in the planning stage with construction bids yet to be solicited. Also, the Atomic Energy Commission must approve the project before it becomes final. In the proposed plant, steam from the nuclear reactors will not only be used to turn turbines that produce electricity, but also will be sent
through heat exchangers to make steam needed by Dow. The actual steam from the reactors will circulate in a closed system. The process steam will be piped about a mile to Dow's complex of 800 buildings. Steam will be provided in pressures of 25, 150, and 400 p.s.i. Contract. Exact terms of the DowConsumers contract haven't been dis closed, but Dow says it will buy 200 M w ( e ) . or more of the station's out put. For Dow, the contract is the larg est ever made. But more important, the contract reveals a basic change in the company's policy. "Our agreement with Consumers Power represents a significant departure from the historic Dow position of producing our own power at major production complexes," says chairman Carl A. Gerstacker. Dow's Midland works is one of the largest chemical complexes in the U.S., and the company produces its own power and process steam from two on-site generating plants. These plants will be scrapped in 1974. Although the twin-reactor plant will be the world's first privately owned dual-purpose nuclear plant, it is not the first dual-purpose plant scheduled to be built in the U.S. Later this month, commitments become final for the 1775-Mw(e). nuclear power plant and the 50 million gallon-per-day de salination unit to be built on Bolsa Island, a man-made island off Orange County, Calif., south of Los Angeles. This twin-reactor station will come up in 1973. Design studies for it and the Midland plant were conducted by Bechtel Corp. Pairing of the reactors is necessary to provide heat and electrical energy continuously when one reactor shuts down for refueling (about once a year). The Bolsa Island project, a $444 million joint venture, involves the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California ( M W D ) , City of Los Angeles Department of Water & Power, Southern California Edison Co., and San Diego Gas & Electric Co. (C&EN, Nov. 28, 1966, page 5 6 ) . The Atomic Energy Commission and the Interior Department's Office of Saline Water are also contributing funds to the project. M W D expects to add two additional 50 million gal lon-per-day multistage flash units to the island complex in the 1970's. Although power plants that also produce steam for industrial use are not new, using a nuclear fuel source is. A quick check by C&EN around the chemical industry discovered no other plans for a similar project. Trie most positive response came from Dow president Herbert D. Doan. "When the natural gas dries up on the Gulf Coast," he says, "our Freeport com plex would be a good candidate."
