THE: J O U R N A L O F I A \ ~ D I ~ S T R I A L A1TD ENGI,VEERING C H E M I S T R Y
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36. T h e Sensitiveness Curves of Photographic Plates Exposed t o X-Rays. ORIMTUGMAN. 37. T h e Theory of t h e Acid Fixing B a t h . A. C . MCDANIEL. RUBBER CHEMISTRY SECTION. D. A. CUTLER,Chairman
DORRTS WHIPPLE,Secretary
1. Chairman's Address. Crude Rubber. D. A. CUTLER. 2. Some Refinements of t h e Ignition Method for t h e Determino-
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14. Some Observations on Base Metal Thermocouples. 0. L. KOWALKE. 1 5 . O s m i u m - P l a t i n u m . F. ZIMMERMAN 16. The Electric Zinc Furnace. P. E PETERSON. 17. Solid Thick Deposits of Lead f r o m Lead Acetate Solutions. F.C. MATHERS. 18. Progress in Electrostatic Ore Dressing. F.S. MACGREGOR.
Sessions for the reading and discussion of papers were held a t the Shirley Hotel, Denver; the University of Colorado, Boulder; the Colorado School of Mines, Golden; and on the top WATER, SEWERAGE AND SANITATION SECTION of Pike's Peak. EnwARn BARTOW. Chairman H. P. CORSON, Secretary Trips to various points of interest, both technical and geo1 . Manganese i n Illinois Waters. EDWARD BARTOWA N D H. P. graphic, were included in the program. Among the plants CORSON. visited were the following : 2. T h e Comparative Value of Pure Calcium a n d MagnesiumSutton, Steele 6 Steele Co.: Experimental mill and testing BARTOW AND CLARENCE calcium Lime for Water Softening. EDWARD plant. Dry process of ore concentration; electrostatic separaSCHOLL. 3. Ventilation of t h e Schools of New York City. (Illustrated.) tion of sulfide minerals. CHARLESBASKERVILLE. Western Chemical Manufacturing Co.: Manufacture of 4. Winkler's Method for t h e Determination of Oxygen in Water: acids, anhydrous ammonia, and liquid carbonic acid, concenE. HALEAND W. t h e Effect of Nitrite a n d i t s Prevention. FRANK tration of mixed sulfide ores, magnetic separation, producerMELIA. gas power plant. 5. T h e Determination of Sulfur i n Certain Culture Media. H. W. REDFIELDA N D C. HUCKLE. Henry E . W o o d Ore Testing Co.: General testing of ores, 6. A Comparative S t u d y of Methods for Determining Sulfur in concentration, flotation, cyanidation, magnetic separation. Peptone. H. W. REDFIELDA N D C. HUCKLE. United States M i n t : Electrolytic refining of gold. 7. T h e Value of Testing for Hydrogen Sul5de Production i n t h e American Z i n c Ore Separating Co.: Testing plant, electroBacteriological Examination of Potable Waters. E. M. CHAMOT. static, separation, dry jigging, separation of complex ores. 8. A S t u d y of t h e Best Conditions for Hydrogen Sul5de ProducAND H. W. REDFIELD. t i o n i n Peptone Media. E. M. CHAMOT American Smelting 6 Rejining Co.: Lead smelting, Hunt9. T h e Influence of t h e Composition of Carbohydrate Culture ington-Heberlein and Dwight-Lloyd sinter roasting, bag-house Media o n t h e A m o u n t a n d Character of t h e Oases Formed by Fecal recovery of smelter fume. Organisms. E. M. CHAMOT AND R. C. LOWARY. Screenless Size7 Co.: McKesson-Rice screenless sizing of 10. A S t u d y of t h e Stokes Neutral Red Reaction. E. M. CHAMOT AND C. M. SHERWOOD. ores, crushed rock and coal. t i o n of Rubber in Vulcanized Goods. G. H. SAVAGE. Discussion of Committee Reports.
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l l . F u r t h e r Notes o n S t a n d a r d s of Potable Waters. J. CULVER HART-ZELL. 12. T h e Determination of M i n u t e A m o u n t s of Sulfur Dioxide THE CHEMICAL SOCIETIES I N NEW YORK CITY in Air. A. SEIDELLA N D P. W. MESERVE. 13. T h e Quantitative Use of t h e Spectroscope in Water Analysis. PROGRAM O F MEETINGS FOR THE SEASON 1913-1914. SESSIONS W. W. SKINNER AND W. D. COLLINS. IN RUMFORD HALL, CHEMISTS' CLUB 14. Comparison of Methods for t h e Determination of Dissolved American Chemical Society, October IO, 1913. Oxygen. W: UT.SKINNERAND J. W. SALE. Society of Chemical Industry, October 24, 1913. 15. Longevity of B. Typhosus i n Water. F. L. RECTOR. American Chemical Society, November 7, 1913. Society of Chemical Industry, November 21, 1913
AMERICAN ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY. DENVER MEETING The Twenty-fourth General Meeting of the American Electrochemical Society took place a t Denver, Colorado, September 9-11, 1913.
Joint Meeting, American Chemical Society, December
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American Chemical Society, January 9, 1914. Society of Chemical Industry (Perkin Medal), January 23, 1914.
PROGRAM O F PAPERS
Joint Meeting, American Electrochemical Society, February
IRVING LANGMUIR. 6, 1914. American Chemical Society (Nichols Medal), March 6, 1914. 2. Simultaneous Determination of Copper a n d Lead, w i t h t h e R o t a t i n g Anode. A. J. WHITE. Society of Chemical Industry, March 2 7 , 1914. 3 Rapid Refining of Copper w i t h a Rotating Cathode. C. 'I%'. Society of Chemical Industry, April 24, 1914. BENNETT A N D C. 0. BROWN. American Chemical Society, May 8, 1914. 4. T h e H e a t Resistivity of Graphite a n d Carbon. J. 'IV. RICHJoint Meeting, Society of Chemical Industry, May 29, 1914. ARDS. American Chemical Society, June j, 1914. 5. Effect of Light o n Decomposition Voltage. ALANLEIGHTON. 6. T h e Art of Electric Zinc Smelting. W. McA. JOHNSON. 7. Possible Applications of t h e Electric F u r n a c e t o Western OBITUARY-EUGENE A. BYRNES Metallurgy. D. A. LYONASD R. M. KEBNEY. 8. T h e Transformation of R a d i a n t i n t o Chemical Energy. S. C. The death of Dr. Eugene A. Byrnes occurred on August I s t , LIND. at Haven, Maine, where he had gone for a vacation. 9. Electric Smelting of C h r o m i u m , Tungsten, Molybdenum a n d V a n a d i u m Ores. R. M. KEEXEY. Dr. Byrnes was born in New York State in 1862. He had 10. T h e Carnotite Industry. SIEGFRIED FISCHER. graduated from the University of Michigan, and in 1884 became 11. Some Aspects of Heat Flow. E. F. NORTHRUP. a teacher in the Central High School, Washington, D. C. Subse12. T h e Electrolysis of Cyanide Solutions. E. F. KERN. quently he entered the Examining Corps of the United States 13. T h e Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions of t h e Simple AlkaPatent Office, and rapidly rose to the position of Chief of a Diline Cyanides. G. H. CLEVENGER A N D M. L. HALL. vision. I n the meanwhile he graduated from the Law School 1. T h e Shape Factor.
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T H E JO U R N A L 0 F I N D U S T RI A L A D E KGI iV E E RI N G C H E M I S T R Y
of Columbian University, and was admitted to the Bar. He also took a post-graduate course leading to the degree of Ph.D. in Electro-chemistry and Physics. In 1901 he resigned his official position and entered upon the practice of law with Mr. C. P. Townsend as a partner. Later Mr. J. H. Brickenstein entered the firm, the three constituting the well-known firm of patent lawyers, Brynes, Townsend and Brickenstein. Dr. Byrnes was a member of the American Chemical Society, -4merican Electro-Chemical Society, American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Chemists’ Club of New York City, Society of Chemical Industry, Patent Law Association of Washington, and of the Cosmos and Chevy Chase Clubs of Washington.
OBITUARY-F.
H. DANIELS
Fred H . Daniels, Chairman of the Board of Engineers of the United States Steel Corporation, Chief Engineer of the American
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Steel and Wire Company, and President of the Washburn and Moen Company, died at his home in Worcester, Mass., on August 31, 1913, after a long illness. hlr. Daniels, who was born in 1853, had been very prominently identified with the development of the iron and steel industries for 40 years, and over 150 patents, a number of which revolutionized processes of manufacture, indicate his activity. Mr. Daniels supervised the erection of plants for the American Steel and Wire Company a t Waukegan, Ill., Cleveland, 0 , San Francisco, Cal., and Birmingham, Ala. He was one of the board of consulting engineers who designed the United States Steel Corporation’s plant a t Gary, Ind., and served in a similar capacity a t the time of the erection of the Duluth mills of the Minnesota Steel Company. In 1 9 0 0 , the Paris Exposition Jury of Awards bestowed a gold medal on Mr. Daniels as “celebrateur,” and in 1909, he was decorated by King Oscar of Sweden W. A. HAMOR
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE
ON METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF CRUDE GLYCERINE Editor of the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry: From the recital of difficulties given by E. A. Ray in THIS JOURNAL, 5 , 784, i t is evident that there is some confusion existing as to the exact procedure of the International Standard Method for glycerine analysis. The glycerine sub-committee of the American Chemical Society met,at London in 1910, wTith the British Expert Committee and representatives from Germany and France and agreed on the following: (see report of the American Committee, THISJOURNAL, 3, 679). The British report is identical. INSTRVCTIONS FOR CALCULATING THE ACTUAL GLYCERINE CONTENT
Determine the apparent percentage of glycerol in the sample by the acetin process as described. The result will include acetylizable impurities if present. ( 2 ) Determine the total residue a t 160’ C. (3) Determine the acetin value of the residue a t ( 2 ) in terms of‘ glycerol. (4) Deduct the result found a t (3) from the percentage obtained a t ( I ) and report this corrected figure as glycerol. This is the official method a t present in use in the United States. Nothing is said about any allowance nor is there a limit set a t 2 . 5 per cent organic residue at which or below which the chemist is prohibited from making a correction for acetylizable impurities. The British Executive Committee, a committee of British Soap Manufacturers, appended a recommendation to the report of the Expert Committee as follows: (I)
RECOMMENDATIONS BY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
If the non-volatile organic residue a t 160’ C. in the case of a soap lye crude be over 2 . 5 per cent, then the residue shall be examined by the acetin method and any excess of glycerol found over 0.5 per cent shall he deducted from the acetin figure. This recommendation was not signed by the British Experts and was rejected by the American Committee as being arbitrary and unscientific. Residues of 2.5 per cent and below often give very material corrections for impurities. Even if this correction is small there is no reason why it should not be made nor is there any clear reason why the limit should be set a t z .5 per cent rather than a t I , 2 or 3 per cent. It is the chemist’s task to determine the actual glycerine present to the best of his ability and leave all questions of allowance and limits to others. English crudes purchased under these conditions of sale as laid down by British manufacturers will of course be tested
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with these limitations, but there has been no such custom with regard to American crudes, which have been bought and sold on the basis of the American Chemical Society report. Referring to the instructions for calculating the glycerine content it will be seen from ( 2 ) that the determination of the organic residue is not required. It may be obtained by determining the ash and deducting this from the total residue. This determination is not needed when glycerine alone is being looked for and the chemist who has been asked to analyze a sample for glycerine by the International method is within his rights in declining to state the per cent of organic residue or ash unless he receives additional compensation therefor. There would seem to be little excuse, however, for a chemist to refuse to state the total residue and t k correction as found, these determinations being necessary before the true per cent of glycerol can be ascertained. The difference between the tests of the referee and seller amounting to 1.38 per cent might easily be due to the presence of solid salt in the samples or to the deposition of salt after the crude had left the seller’s factory. The accurate sampling of crude glycerine if salt has separated is next to impossible and chemists may differ 5 per cent and more on very salty crudes. Doubtless the crude referred to by Dr. Ray is free from solid salt or he would have called attention to its presence. It is a fact, however, that it is the exception rather than the rule to find a delivery of American soap lye crude entirely free from deposited salt. If manufacturers of crude would give their product ample opportunity to cool and settle in tanks before filling out into drums the fundamental cause for most of the dissatisfaction with glycerine analysis would be removed. A. C. LAXGMUIR Chairman Sub-committee on Glycerine Analysis September 8 , 1913
WHAT’S THE MATTER WITH THE AMERICAN CHEMIST? Editor of the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry: Judging from the answers one reads to the above question, blr. Chemist is fast arriving. Some of the answers are amusing, some dramatic, and there are lamentation and pathos in others. The plaintiffs seem to be Cctuated by disposition, by training, by fitness, or by sarcasm. Surely, Mr. Chemist will come out of the crucible thoroughly refined a t the end of the heat; but i t seems to me that we are losing sight of viewpoints and are failing to differentiate between pure science and applied science. Science is the study and correlation of phenomena and their
