Odor Quality and Chemical Structure

INDEX

Downloaded by 179.159.52.111 on March 13, 2018 | https://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: March 20, 1981 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1981-0148.ix001

A Acceptability curve for odorants 42-43 Acceptance function to changes in odorant level, sensitivity of 47/ Acceptance optimization, odor 43-50 Acetates 54 Acetone, odor intensity of 191 Acetophenone 71 odor intensity of 191 Acidurias 196 A D A P T (see Automatic data analysis using pattern recognition techniques) Adenosine monophosphate, cyclic (cAMP) .163-164 phosphatases, Na-K-activated (ATPases) 164 triphosphate (ATP) 163 3',5'-Adenosine monophosphate 163 Adenyl cyclase system 163 subunits of 163 Air/water partition coefficient 188 Alcohol(s) ^-aliphatic air/water partition coefficient of 94 on membrane systems, efficacy of 93-104 relationship of chain length and efficacy of 99-104 saturated vapor pressures (SVP) for 93 solubility data for 94 hydrophobicity of 100 to modify lipid structure and functions, efficacy of 99-104 odor intensity 191 suprathreshold 184 threshold 184 Aldehyde suprathreshold odor intensity 184 Aldehyde threshold odor intensity 184 Alkane odor intensity 184 3-Alkyl-2-methoxy pyrazines threshold odor intensity 184 Allopregnan-3«-ol, space-filling representation of 149/ Allosteric regulation in a peripheral process 171 Allosteric regulation of receptor site of malodors 173

Almond odor quality with hydrophobic and steric parameters, correlation of 179-180 ALSCAL 13/ to map psychological odor quality 10 Amino acid(s) 212 metabolism, infant diseases involving errors in 196 receptor site in fish 213 2-Amino-4-nitrobenzenes, sweetness of 179 2-Aminoacetophenone 205 c A M P (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) 163-164 Amphibians, olfactory structureactivity relation studies in 217-219 Amyl acetate 51 and ethyl salicylate linear regression equations 34* linear regression equations, heptyl and 35* mixtures of and ethyl salicylate 28* heptyl and 29* isoamyl and 26* sensitivity of liking to levels of isoamyl and 46* butyrate 116 and isoamyl acetate linear regression equations 32* Androst-16-en-3-one (androstenone) 198 boar pheromone 205 the urinous primary odor 201 5 a-Androst-16-en-3«-ol (androstenol) 198, 201 Anesthesia 103 Animal odor intensity data 188 Animal skin glands 198 Anosmias 201 Antimalodor(s) (AMAL(s)) 171-174 combinations, malodor/ 174 Apocrine glands 198 -sebaceous 198 skin odors resulting from the interaction of microorganisms with secretions from 202

233

Moskowitz and Warren; Odor Quality and Chemical Structure ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1981.


234

ODOR QUALITY AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURE

Apocrine (continued) odor 205,207 secretion(s) 201, 207 micrococci on 204/ A T P (adenosine triphosphate) 163 ATPases (Na-K-activated adenosine phosphatases) 164 Attractancy pattern, Medfly 128* Attractants, insect 127 Attribute intensities and odorants, linear functions for 31 Automatic data analysis using pattern recognition techniques 150-152 -based S A R study 145-157 computer software systems 145-157 descriptors electronic 151 environment 150-151 fragment 150 geometric 151 geometrical 150 molecular connectivity 151 partition coefficient 151 physicochemical 150 structure 150-152 substructure 150 topological 150 M O L M E C , three-dimensional molecular model builder routine in 148 routines 148-152 study of musk properties using 154-157 Axillae, steroids found in human 206t Axillary odors 200 Axillary sweat 201

B Bacteria, diphtheroids Bacteria, micrococci Benzenoids odor intensity Bioamplifier Biochemistry, molecular Biological activity, correlation between partition coefficients and Biologically active compounds Bitter almond odor(s) peak number plots for Bitter almond pattern, redundancy in Bliss point for odors Boar pheromone, androst-16-en-3-one Body, odors emanating from cyclical variations in techniques for sampling total Body secretions Bond formation, ligand Butanol speed of response to odor and pungency of -vapor odor intensity scale

205 205 184 164 163 178 144 138 130/ 137/ 42 205 195 200 201 195 166 116 112/ 82

1-Butanol, psychophysical functions for

110

C Carbon dioxide 116 Carvone 212 Celery/yeast odors 196 Charton steric constant 180 Chemical(s) on cloth, retention of fragrance or aroma 71 communication, mammalian 199/ messengers, odorants as 195-207 senses 57 structure and olfactory quality using pattern recognition techniques, computer studies of 143-157 Chemoreceptive elements of mucosal tissue 109 processes, hydrophobic membrane regions in 102-103 processes, involvement of phospholipids in 102 Chemoreceptory information 164 Chemotactic thresholds 93 Chemotaxis 103 Chlorobenzene, vibrational assignments of 138 Cilia, olfactory sensory 103 Ciliastasis 120 Cirrhosis of the liver 196 Color vision, multidimensional scaling techniques applied to 1 Common chemical sense, olfaction and 109-120 Common chemical sense, temporal integration in 110-116 Communication human, odor and 200-201 mammalian chemical 199/ mammalian, odor and 198-200 Computer -generated molecular descriptors .. 146 language, F O R T R A N 146 software system, A D A P T 145-157 Craig Plot, multidimensional 179 Cumin odors, peak number plots 180/ Cycloheptadecenone 201 Cyclohexadecanolide 136 4-Cyclohexyl-4-methyl-2-pentanone .. 173

D y-Decalactone Dehydroepiandrosterone Descriptors, computer-generated molecular Descriptor(s), molecular structure generation Di-tert-butyl benzaldehyde


205 207 146 145 150-152 136

235

INDEX


Diabetic keto-acidosis (acetone) 196 Dichorhinic mixtures 119 Dienophiles 109 A^N-Diethyl-m-toluamide 127 Dimethylamine 196 Diphtheroids bacteria 205 Disease(s) diagnosis, use of body odors in 196-198 involving errors in amino acid metabolism, infant 196 odor and 196-198 processes, systemic 196 Dose—response curves to describe odor intensities 67, 68*-70* Dravnieks mixture olfactometer 24

£ Eccrine glands, skin odors resulting from the interaction of microorganisms with secretions from 202 Electrophysiological studies in fish 212-217 Endocrine states by odor, control of . 200 Enzymatic processes, regulatory 164 Enzyme model of olfaction 161-164 Enzyme systems 163 transducting 103 Epithelial cells in the tiger salamander, properties of single 218 Epithelium, olfactory 188 of tiger salamander, structure and properties of odorants used to stimulate 220/-221/ Ether (fat) solubility as a requirement for olfactory stimulation 6 Ethyl salicylate linear regression equations, amyl acetate and 34* linear regression equations, methyl and 33* mixtures of amyl acetate and 28* mixtures of methyl and 27* Ethylesters threshold odor intensity .... 184

F Fat (ether) solubility as a requirement for olfactory stimulation ... 6 Fatty acids, w-aliphatic air/water partition coefficient of 94 on membrane systems, efficacy of 93-104 relationship of chain length and efficacy of 99-104 saturated vapor pressures for 93 solubility data for 94 Fatty acids to modify lipid structure and functions, efficacy of 99-104 Fish amino acid receptor site in 213 electrophysiological studies in 212-217

Fish (continued) olfaction, structure—activity studies on 212-217 olfactory organ in 212 olfactory stimuli for 212 Flavor intensity and hedonics of glucose solutions 65* Flavors, quaititative measurement of.. 57 F O R T R A N computer language 146 Fragrance(s) or aroma chemicals or cloth, retention of 71 with functional properties by measuring sensory and physical parameters, development of 57-75 masking ability of 74 use of partition coefficients to create substantive 73* quantitative measurement of 57 and the rated overall liking of the odorant, perceived sensory intensity of an odorant or 40/ Frog, olfactory raceptors in 217 Functional group odor theory 167 Functional groups associated with stimuli 8/

G Galaxolide Gastrointestinal disorders Glands animal skin apocrine -sebaceous skin odors resulting from the interaction of microorganisms with secretions from apocrine eccrine sebaceous Glucose solutions, flavor intensity and hedonics of Gustatory realm, M D S techniques applied to Gustatory thresholds Guttman-Lingoes method general nonmetric multidimensional scaling technique for Wright and Michels' psychophysical olfactory data for 50 stimuli

67 196 198 198 198

202 202 202 65* 1 93 4/ 2

3/

H Halitosis Hammett equation Hansch approach O S A R study using Hedonic(s) to concentration changes, sensitivity of odor

200 178 169, 177-178 179


42


236


Hedonic(s) (continued) data, normalization of 65-66 function for odor mixtures 42 of glucose solutions, flavor intensity and 65/ tones, estimation of 59, 63-64 2-Heptanone 127 Heptyl and amyl acetate linear regression equations 35/ and amyl acetate, mixtures of 29/ butyrate 127 Heteroaromatics odor intensity 184 ^/-Homocysteine thiolactone hydrochloride 127 Human axillae, steroids found in 206/ communication, odor and 200-201 evaluations of odors 139 odor profiles 205 odors, diagnostic potential of 196/ secretions, odorants as metabolic byproducts of 201 Hydrogen bonding indicator parameter (HB) in Q S A R 181 Hydrophobic constants 180 Hydrophobic properties of molecules, dependence of odor intensity on 177-193 Hydrophobicity, odorant 188 Hydrophobicity term, log P, to predict odor intensity 177-192

I Indisan 67 Information pattern, odor 168, 169 Information theory 167-168 Infrared absorption spectra of odorous compounds, far 123-139 Insect(s) attractants 127 behavioral responses to odorous stimuli 129 experiments, advantages of 127 olfactory responses of 124 repellents 127 Intensity data, normalization of 65-66 Intensity dimensions 14 Ion pumps 164 a-Ionone 223 Ionic bond, reinforced 173 Irritants 109, 172 mechanism of action of mild 120 odorless 116 Irritation, difference in odor and 113 Irritation, inhibitory potential of odor 116, 118/, 119

Isoamyl acetate linear regression equations, amyl and and amyl acetate, mixtures of and amyl acetate, sensitivity of liking to levels of Isovaleric acid sweaty odor of

51 32/ 26/ 46/ 174 201

K Ketone suprathreshold odor intensity .. Ketones, methyl

184 205

L Laffort parameters 14 to reproduce psychophysical space, weighting 18/ Ligand formation 170 bond 166 of an odorivector molecule with a receptor site 164 Liking equations, nonlinear 44/-45/ interaction of odor constituents for 50-51 to levels of isoamyl and amyl acetate, sensitivity of 46/ nonlinear constrained optimization of 48/-49Z of the odorant, perceived sensory intensity of an odorant or fragrance and the rated overall 40/ with respect to physical concentration, rate of change of a sensory characterization or 51-54 Linalyl acetate 174 Lipid solubility, correlation of narcotic activity with 178 structure and functions, efficacy of alcohols to modify 99-104 structure and functions, efficacy of fatty acids to modify 99-104 Lipidic receptors 93 M Magnitude estimation data, analysis of 65-66 future of 74 panel training 59 panels, selection of panelists for 58 Malodor(s) 171-174 allosteric regulation of receptor site of 172 /antimalodor combinations 174 perception, inhibition of 172 receptor site prototropic 173


237


INDEX Mammalian chemical communication 199* communication, odor and 198-200 olfactory signals 198 Maple odors 196 Maple syrup urine 196 Masking ability of a fragrance 74 M D S (see Multidimensional scaling) Medfly attractancy pattern 128* Medfly pattern redundancy in 129* Membrane regions in chemoreceptive processes, hydrophobic 102-103 systems, efficacy of n-aliphatic alcohols on 93-104 systems, efficacy of /i-aliphatic fatty acids on 93-104 Menthol 127 Mercaptan, tertiary butyl 173 Metabolic disorders in infants 197* Methyl and ethyl salicylate linear regression equations 33* and ethyl salicylate, mixtures of 27* ketones 205 salicylate, odor of 134 2-(2-Methyl-1 -propenyl)-4-methyltetrahydropyran 132 Micrococci on aprocrine secretion 204/ Microcci bacteria 205 Molecular biochemistry 163 descriptors, computer-generated .... 146 formulae associated with stimuli .... If olfactory 6 model builder routine in A D A P T ( M O L M E C ) , three dimensional 148 structure descriptor(s) 145 generation 150-152 structure and the musk odor quality, relationships between .154-157 vibration, odor and 123-139 vibrations to olfactory quality utilizing Raman spectra, relationship of low energy 10 weights for stimuli, distribution of . 9/ olfactory 6 M O L M E C , three-dimensional molecular model builder routine in ADAPT 148 Monoosmatic components required to encode an odor quality 168 Mouth odors 200 Mucosa, olfactory 222 Mucosal tissue, chemoreceptive elements of 109 Mucostasis 120 Mucas, nasal 211

Multidimensional profiles of odor mixtures and components 83 Multidimensional scaling (MDS) 1 to study neural data in olfaction . 1 to study psychophysical data in olfaction 1 techniques applied to color vision 1 characterization of odor quality utilizing 1-18 applied to the gustatory realm 1 Gunman-Lingoes' general nonmetric 2 Multiple objective programming method 36 Multiple profile-multiple receptor site interaction 163 Musk(s) Ambrette 71 compounds, polynitroaromatic 154 compounds, steroid 154 natural 201 odor 138 necessary qualities to evoke 136 quality, relationships between molecular structure and 154-157 odorants 145, 155/ common substructural unit for steroid and polynitroaromatic 155/ olfactory stimulants 156 pattern, redundancy in 135* properties using A D A P T , study of 154-157 xylol 136 Musky odors, peak number plots for 130/, 131/

N Nasal cavity, innervation of the lateral wall of the human 111/ Nasal mucus 211 Narcotic activity with lipid solubility, correlation of 178 Nerve, olfactory 110 Nerve, trigeminal 110, 111/ free nerve endings of 113 Neural data in olfaction, multidimensional scaling to study 1 Neurons, olfactory 161,214

Oasthouse syndrome n-Octanol-water partition coefficient..


196 179


238


Odor(s) acceptability (liking) 41^42 judging 51 optimization 43-50 constrained, of overall 43 Wilhelm Wundt, scheme of 41-42 analysis 201-207 androst-16-en-3-one, the urinous primary 201 apocrine 205, 207 axillary 200 binary mixtures of 24 bitter almond 138 bliss point for 42 body cyclical variations in 200 in disease diagnosis, use of . 1 9 6 - 1 9 8 emanating from 195 techniques for sampling total 201 celery/yeast 196 and communication (mammalian) 198-200 components to mixture intensity of specific characteristics, relationship of concentrations of 36 to the concentrations of components, nonlinear equations relating liking/disliking of 24 concentrations, linear equaltions relating attribute perception levels and 24 constituents for liking, interaction of 50-51 control of endocrine states by 200 correlation of physical with physicorrelation of physical with physicophysical measurements of 67, 71-74 description and perception, psychology of 37-41 detection threshold values 180 and disease 196-198 hedonics to concentrate changes, sensitivity of 42 human and communication 200-201 diagnostic potential of 196/ to effect sexual and social behavior, ability of 200 evaluations of 139 profiles 205 information pattern 162, 168, 169 intensity(ies) of acetone 191 of acetophenone 191 alcohol 191 alkane 184 3-alkyl-2-methoxy pyrazines, threshold 184

Odor(s) (continued) intensity(ies) (continued) benzenoids 184 and concentration, linear and power functions relating sensory 30/ data, animal 188 determining 188 dose-response curves to describe 67, 68/-70/ effect of solvent on 67 heteroaromatics 184 on the hydrophobic properties of molecules, dependence of 177-193 hydrophobicity term, log P, to predict 177-192 with partition coefficients, comparison of perceived 72/ relationship study, procedures for quantitative structure- .. 180 scale, butanol-vapor 82 standard method of measuring .. 180 suprathreshold alcohol 184 aldehyde 184 ketone 184 vector model for addition of 23 and irritation, difference in 113 on irritation, inhibitory potential of 116, 118/, 119 magnitude 110 maple 196 masking 74 measurement of 75/ of methyl salicylate 134 mixing effects, classification of 83-87 mixture(s) components in 51 and components, multidimensional profiles of 83 fractional factorial statistical design to study 80 hedonic function for 42 mathematical model for 87-88 optimization of liking in 42 psychophysical scaling and optimization of 23-54 qualities from component qualities, determining 23-54 quality and hedonics of 23 sensory structure of 79-90 and molecular vibration 123-139 mouth 200 musk 138 necessary qualities to evoke 136 quality, relationships between molecular structure and .154-157 and odorant structures, relations between 79


239


INDEX Odor(s) (continued) peak number plots for musty 131/ perceptual system, functional comparisons, pungency and 110-116 of perilla aldehyde 139 pleasant 6 primary 169 profile(s) of Pityrosporum ovale 203/ of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 204/ synthesis of predesigned 23-54 properties, quantitative measurement of 57-75 and pungency of butanol, speed of response to 112/ and pungency, psychophysical functions for 115/ pyrolline, spermous 201 quality (ies) A L S C A L to map psychological 10 coding, structure recognition in 161-174 of a compound 161 with hydrophobic and steric parameters, correlation of almond 179-180 to a linear combination of concentration, conversion of 50 mathematical representation of 50 mixtures, algebra of 54 from molecular structures of single odorants, prediction of 79 monoosmatic components required to encode 168 utilizing multidimensional scaling techniques, characterization of 1-18 relationship of Raman spectra to 10 receptor(s) frequency-sensitive 127 generalist 127 sites 162 specialist 127 of rose oxide 139 scalp 202-205 of single odorants and their mixtures, relationship between 79-90 skin, resulting from the interaction of microorganisms with secretions from glands apocrine 202 eccrine 202 sebaceous 202 sources 195 of specific quality profiles and acceptability levels, generating 23-54

Odor(s) (continued) stimulus(i) 31 sensitivity to 31 specificity 138 validity of panelist ratings of 25 stereochemical theory of 167 -structure correlation 161-174 sweaty 207 of isovaleric acid 201 peak number plots for 131/ systems, binary 50 theory, functional group 167 threshold(s) 177 intensity ethylesters 184 alcohol 184 aldehyde 184 unpleasant 6 uremic breath 196 of urine 201 vaginal 201 vibrational theory of 123-139 Odorant(s) acceptability curve for 42-43 in aqueous solutions, volatility of 188 as chemical messengers 195-207 concentration at receptor sites 188 or fragrance and the rated overall liking of the odorant, perceived sensory intensity of 40/ hydrophobicity 188 ingredient levels, equations relating sensory characteristics and .... 36 interaction, receptor site218 level, sensitivity of acceptance function to changes in 47/ linear functions for attribute intensities and 31 as metabolic by-products of human secretions 201 musk 145, 155/ and their mixtures, relationship between the odors of single .79-90 nonirritating 116 prediction of odor quality from molecular structures of single 79 relative importance for/or ...51, 52/-53/ structure-activity, relations in 211-227 spatial patterning of response to 219-222 used to stimulate olfactory epithelium of tiger salamander, structures and properties 220/-221/ structures, relations between odors and 79 vapors, olfactometer for mixing 81/ Odorivector 163 dual nature of 171 molecule with a receptor site, ligand formation of 164



240


Odorivector (continued) profile of 165 receptor site 163 with receptors, interaction of 161-174 structure, typical 166 Odorless irritants 116 Odorous chemicals in saliva 198 chemicals in urine 198 compounds, far infrared absorption spectra of 123-139 interactions, receptor sites for 93 stimuli, insect behavioral responses to 129 Olfaction and the common chemical sense 109-120 discriminatory capabilities of human 168 enzyme model of 161-174 mechanism of 188 multidimensional scaling to study neural data in 1 multidimensional scaling to study psychophysical data in 1 peripheral process in 169 redundancy in human 134 stereochemical theory of 54 structure-activity relations in .211-227 structure-activity studies on fish 212-217 Olfactometer for mixing odorant vapors 81/ Olfactometer, mixture 80 Dravnieks 24 Olfactophore 156 Olfactory code, redundancy in 123-139 cross-adaptation 218-219 data for 50 stimuli, GuttmanLingoes' method for Wright and Michels' psychophysical . 3/ epithelium 188 of tiger salamander, structures and properties of odorants used to stimulate 220/-221/ mucosa 222 with basic histological elements . 114/ nerve 110 neurons 161, 214 organ in fish 212 quality using pattern recognition techniques, computer-assisted studies of chemical structure and 143-157 predicting 1-18 utilizing Raman spectra, relationship of low-energy molecular vibrations to 10

Olfactory (continued) quality (continued) relationship of functional group to 6 Schiffman methodology to discover physicochemical variables relevant to 10 variables related to 1 receptor(s) 113 cells, vertebrate 103 in the frog 217 responses of insects 124 sensory cilia 103 signals, mammalian 198 stimulants, musk 156 stimulants, structure-activity studies of 144 stimulation, mechanism of 127 stimuli 2 distribution of molecular weights among 6 for fish 212 molecular formulae associated with 6 problem of characterizing 2-6 qualities associated with 5/ standard 132* structure-activity relation studies in amphibians 217-219 surface 219 test, materials used for 60/-61/ theories 136 thresholds 93 -trigeminal interaction 116 Organoarsenicals 110

Partition coefficient(s) 71 air/water 188 and biological activity, correlation between 178 comparison of perceived odor intensities with 72/ to create substantive fragrances, use of 73/ H-octanol-water 179 Pattern recognition analysis 152-153 methods, flow chart of steps in structure-activity studies using chemical structure information handling and 147/ techniques, computer-assisted studies of chemical structure and olfactory quality using 143-157 Peak difference plot 133/


241


INDEX Peak number plot(s) 124 derivation of 125/ odors for bitter almond 130/ cumin 130/ for musky 130/ for musty 131/ for sweaty 131/ Pentyl acetate 222 Perfumers, professional 132, 134 Perilla aldehyde, odor of 139 Peripheral process, allosteric regulation in 171 Peripheral process in olfaction 169 Pheromone(s) 127 androst-16-en-3-one, boar 205 Phospholipids in chemoreceptive processes, involvement of 102 Phospholipids as receptors 103 Physical senses 57 Physicochemical parameters 14 Physicochemical variables to predict olfactory quality 14 relevant to olfactory quality, Schiffman methodology to discover 10 to reproduce the psychophysical space, weighting 11/ Pityrosporwn ovale 205 odor profile of 203/ yeast 202 Polar constants, Taft 180 Polynitroaromatic musk compounds .. 154 Polynitroaromatic musk odorants, common substructural unit for steroid and 155/ Profile -fitting, sensory 36-41 to a predesigned 38f-39f -matching method 54 -multiple receptor site interaction, multiple 163 of odorivector 165 Profiling Method, Texture 41 Propionibacterium acnes 205 Protein receptor molecules 110 Protein structure, tertiary 163 Proteinaceous receptor(s) 93 sites 103 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 205 odor profile of 204/ Psychophysical data in olfaction, multidimensional scaling to study 1 measurements of odors, correlation of physical with 67, 71-74 olfactory data for 50 stimuli, Guttman-Lingoes' method for Wright and Michels' 3/

Psychophysical (continued) scaling and optimization of odor mixtures 23-54 space, weighting Laffort's parameters to reproduce 18/ the physicochemical variables to reproduce 11/ the Raman frequencies to reproduce 15/ Pungency 109 of butanol, speed of response to odor and 112/ and odor perceptual systems, functional comparisons 110-116 psychophysical functions for odor and 115/ receptors for 113 temporal integration of 110-116 Pyrolline, spermous odor 201

Quantitative structure-activity correlation/relationship (QSAR) .169,177 history of 178 hydrogen bonding indicator parameter (HB) 181 study using the Hansch Approach .. 179 Quantitative structure-odor intensity relationship study, procedures for 180

R Raman frequencies to reproduce psychophysical space, weighting 15/ Raman spectra to odor quality, relationship of 10 Raman spectra, relationship of lowenergy molecular vibrations to olfactory quality utilizing 10 Receptor(s) cells, taste 103 cells, vertebrate olfactory 103 interaction of odorivectors with .161-174 molecules, protein 110 odor frequency-sensitive 127 generalist 127 specialist 127 olfactory 113 in the frog 217 phospholipids as 103 for pungency 113 site(s) in fish, amino acid 213 generalist odor 162 interaction, multiple profilemultiple 163


242



Receptor(s) (continued) site(s) (continued) interaction of the stimulant molecule with ligand formation of odorivector molecule with of malodors, allosteric regulation of odorant concentration at -odorant interaction odorivector proteinaceous prototropic malodors Repellents, insect Rose oxide odor of

162 164 172 188 218 163 103 173 127 132 139

S S—S linkages, substances that can break 110 Salamander, properties of single epithelial cells in 218 Salamander, tiger 217 structure and properties of odorants used to stimulate olfactory epithelium of 220/-221/ Salicylates 54 Saliva, odorous chemicals in 198 S A R (see Structure-activity relations) Scalp odor 202, 205 Schiffman methodology to discover physicochemical variables relevant to olfactory quality 10 Sebaceous glands, skin odors resulting from the interaction of microorganisms with secretion from .. 202 Secretion(s) apocrine 201,207 micrococci on 204/ body 195 odorants as metabolic by-products of human 201 vaginal 201 Senses, chemical 57 Senses, physical 57 Sensitivity to odor stimuli 31 Sensory cilia, olfactory 103 characteristic or liking with respect to physical concentration, rate of change of 51-54 characteristics and odorant ingredient levels, equations relating .. 36 intensity 41 of an odorant or fragrance and the rated overall liking of the odorant, perceived 40/ odor intensity and concentration, linear and power functions relating 30/

Sensory (continued) perceptions, profile of 36 and physical parameters, development of fragrances with functional properties by measuring 57-75 profile-fitting 36-41 profile, profile fitting to a predesigned 38/-39/ structure of odor mixtures 79-90 S H groups, substances that interact with 110 Skin odors resulting from the interaction of microorganisms with secretions from glands apocrine 202 eccrine 202 sebaceous 202 Solubility as a requirement for olfactory stimulation, fat (ether) 6 Solvent on odor intensity, effect of .... 67 Spermous odor, pyrolline 201 Sporobolomyces odorus 205 Statistical design to study odor mixtures, fractional factorial 80 Stereochemical theory of olfaction .54, 167 Steric constant Charton 180 Sterimol 181 Taft 180 Steroid(s) found in human axillae 206/ musk compounds 154 and polynitroaromatic musk odorants, common substructural unit for 155/ Stimulant anterior 219 molecule with the receptor site, interaction of 162 posterior 219 Stimulus(i) concentration-response relations 222-227 distribution of molecular weights for 9/ functional groups associated with .. 8/ Guttman-Lingoes' method for Wright and Michels' psychophysical olfactory data for 50 .. 3/ intensity 41 molecular formulae associated with 7/ olfactory qualities associated with .. 5/ Structure -activity correlation, quantitative (QSAR) 169, 177 relations (SAR) 143 in olfaction 221-227 studies 143 ADAPT-based 145-157 in amphibians, olfactory 217-219


243


INDEX Structure (continued) relations (SAR) (continued) studies (continued) fundamental steps in 146 methodology for 145 studies using chemical structure information handling and pattern recognition methods, flow chart of steps in 147/ on fish olfaction 212-217 of olfactory stimulants 144 using pattern recognition techniques 153 correlation, odor161-184 information handling and pattern recognition methods, flow chart of steps in structureactivity studies using chemical 147/ -odor intensity relationship study, procedures for quantitative .... 180 recognition in odor quality coding 161-174 Sulfur compounds 218 volatile 200 Sweat, axillary 201 Sweaty odors, peak number plots for .. 131/

T Taft polar constants Taft steric constant Taste receptor cells Tertiary butyl mercaptan Texture Profiling Method Thiol alkylating agents Threshold(s) chemotactic gustatory odor intensity alcohol aldehyde

180 180 103 173 41 109 93 93 184 184

Threshold(s) (continued) odor intensity (continued) 3-alkyl-2-methoxy pyrazines 184 ethylesters 184 olfactory 93 Thujamber 136 Triethylamine 127 Trigeminal interaction, olfactory116 Trigeminal nerve 110, 111/ free nerve endings of 113 Triethy lamine 196

U Uremic breath odor Urine Maple syrup odor of odorous chemicals in Urinous primary odor, androst16-en-3-one

196 196 201 198 201

V Vaginal odors Vaginal secretions Vibrational assignments of chlorobenzene patterns of chemicals theory of odor Volatility of odorants in aqueous solutions

201 201 138 138/ 123-139 188

W Wundt, Wilhelm, scheme of odor acceptability

Yeast, Pityrosporum ovale


41-42

202

Odor Quality and Chemical Structure

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