ing some principles and determining some properties. The initial material in the organic section is devot,ed to elementary qna1it.ative and quantitative analysis. Prepamtion and properties of simlpe aliphatic and aromatic eompounds are demonstrated a t a level comparable to that of the inorganic demonstration. A few experiments are found for virtually all types of organio compounds-proteins, fats, carbohydrat,es, soaps, albumin, rubber, etc. If the student in the age group of about 14 to 19 had, within any one of these years, the time t,o be exposed to this vast number of demonstrations, and if he were to have the unique co-experience of a theoret,ieal treatment (which the reviewer is quite sure he is not), the volume would have some merit. Other books in the same language and oovering this same area are avxilahle. If the authors were to spend more time in defining broad, general principles of preparative techniques, the volume would be quite unique and have oonsidernbly more merit. Fully recagniring tlrst the German-trained chemist has few peers in preparative techniques, it would seem better for the German scientific community t o devote mare time to puhlishing mat,erial covering principles and theory, and less in the wea to which this volume addresses itself. R o n e m C. BUSTED University qf Minnesota Minneapolis
Science in Progtess, Twelfth Series
Edited bv ll'allaee R. Rmde. Yale University Press, N e w Haven, Connecticut, 1 H 2 . xi 331 pp. Figs. and tables. 15 X 22.5c1n. $7.50.
+
A quarter century ago, Yale scientist Professor George A. Baitsell initiated a series of volumes entitled "Science in Progress." Subsequently he served as editor of the first nine. This, the twelfth biennial volume in the aeries is based on the Sigma Xi-Resa National Lectures presented during the years 1959 and 1960 and includes a preface by the editor, Dr. Wallace R. Brode. The well-known Sigma Xi National Lectures are intended t o be of general interest to scientists and other "technically understanding"individun1srather than for the specialist. Hence, some familiarity with differential equations, thermodynamic principles, conformationsl analysis, nuclear phenomena and a generally solid background in the sciences are necessary for the fullest enjoyment of this volume. Chemists and a chemical engineer have written four of the dozen lectures. However, two of these are concerned with cultural aspects of science while several others, written by authors who would ordinarily be regarded ss non-chemists, present lectures in which chemistry plays a major role. As a. matter of fact, one of the notnhk characteristics of a number of the articles is the extent t o which they draw from a. hroad spectrum of scientific disciplines. Chemistry Professor Cassidy discusses The Problem of the Sciences and Human-
ities, deplores the cultural fission developing between the seientist and the humanist, urges better communication between the two. The volume under consideration makeslittle if any contribution to this objective, though i t should serve a useful purpose in stemming the tide of cultural fission within the sciences. Chemist Delahay ponders some of the human factors relating to the cultivation of science-motives, methods of inquiry and evaluation of scientific achievement. Australian Trees and Blood Pressure is t,he catchy title of Professor Eldefield's discussion of the methods available to the organic chemist in elucidating the structures of some of the alkaloids (potentially useful as hypotensive drugs) derived from the hark of Alslonia. Chemical Engineer Dodge summarizes in a very comprehensive and seholarly fashion both the throretieel and practical problems involved in obtaining Fresh Water from Saline. The lecture is. however, s bit lengthy and the lead article of the volume by Geologist Kennedy, The Origin of Continents, Mountain Ranges and Ocean Basins maintains a better halance between scientific fact and human interest. Botanist Dawson's Biosynthesis of the Xicotisnx Alkaloids demonstrates very well the increasing importance of chemistry in the interpretations of modern biological science. This emphasis is also evident in Cell Biologist Taylor's discussion of The Problem of Chromosome Renroduetion and the Problem of Codine knd Transmit,ting the Genetic Inheritance, drawing as it. does, rather freely on organic chemistry. This volume is not written for the lay public and would hardly be recommended for t,he average public library. Those colleges and universities believing there is virtue in a student majoring in a science field having a feeling for the interrelationship of the sciences, might well assign a numher of these lectures as required reading. The professional scientist who needs in capsule form information from the mainstreams of science outside of his field of specialization, might well consider purchasing this volume. Research scientists can perform a n invaluable service to their fellow workers by writing general interest summary articles such as found in this volume.
in the preface, "The mathematically disinclined reader may now cheerfully skip all mathematical equations and deductions without loss of continuity. The theoretical perfectionist will, I hope, excuse the sacrifice of rigor for the sake of simplicity in qualitative explanations which were written for the benefit of his mare pedestrian colleagues." Both the rigorous treatment and the qualitdive explanations are done superbly ~ d l . Thus the book can serve both the casual reader who wants to obtain a broad knowledge of the properties and applications of ion exchangers and also the specialist who wants to delve exhaustively into some aspect of the general suhject. If the book should fail to contain the information sought, the extensive list. of references will guide the reader in further search. The author also states in the preface, "As English is not my native tctngue, I must b$ the reader% forbearance regarding my style." This apology is quite unnecessary. The style and eomposition are better than one finds in many scientific books by American-horn authors. The titles of the chapters are: ( I ) Elementary Principles, (2) Structure and Properties of Ion Exchrtngers, (3) Preparation, (4) Capacity, (5) Equilibria, (6) Kinetics, (7) Electrochemical Properties, (8) Ion-exchanger Membranes, (9) Ion-exchange Columns, (10) Behavior in Xonaqueous and Mixed Solvents, (11) Catalysis by Ion Exchangers, (12) Electron Exchangers and Redon Ion Erchan&rs. The discussion covers ionexchange minerals, synthetic inorganic exchangers, ion-exchange resins, and liquid ion exchangers. Principles rather than applications are emphaisised. I h c h chnpter includes a summary uf 4 pages or less. The reviewer recommends that the reader who browses through the book s t a t with these summaries: they will indicate to him which chapters he should study in detail. The binding, paper, and printing are good. There are surprisingly few typrr graphic errors. WILLIAMRIEMAN111 RUgem, The Stale Uniumitg New Bmnswirk, Sew Jersey
Orbitals in Alomr and Molecules
Ion Exchange
Feedrich Helferich, University of California, Berkeley. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1962. ix 6'24 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 em. $16.
Chr. Klizhull JBrgensen, Cyanamid European Research Institute, Cologny, Geneva, Switzerland. Academic Press, Inc., London, 1962. v 182 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 em. $6.
+
+
This is the most thorough, the most scholarly, and the best book that has appeared on this subject. I t differs from "Ionenaustauscher" (1959) by the same author in being more up-tc-date and in separating more sharply the qualitative rxpl~nations from the rigorous mathematical treatment. The author states
as a clasification of the sl-mmetry types and relative order of hw-lying excited energy leve!~." All sorts i,f chemical eompounds are discussed, with the expected bias in favor of transition metal complexes. This hook is for thc "inorganic physicist," the scientist who is not only a t home in the group theoretical dcscripVolume 40, Number
4, April 1963
/
231
tion of excited molecular energy levels but who also cares about, say, the nature of the complexes of chromium(II1). It is a useful book for the mature scientist who wishes to reconsider some of his preconceptions about what electrons are doing in molecules. However, i t is a difficult book t o read, for Jdrgensen d r s m from far and wide t o nail down his side of eaxh argument. The notation is often forbidding.
L. CARLIN RICKARD B~om University Providence. Rhode Island
Hyperconiugafion Mzehael J. S. Dewor, University of Chicago. Ronald Press Co., Xew York, 184 pp. Figs. and tables. 1962. vi 11.5 X 21 em. $6
+
counted as being too small, solvent dependent and possibly caused by several other influences such as steric inhibition of salvation; secondary isotope effect evidence is judged inconclusive since the importance of possible other factors has not been established. A detailed quantitative analysis of reactivit,y effects of substituents suggests that the appment resonance effects of alkyl groups are largely inductoelectromeric in nature although hyperconjugat,ion may be important. Thus in the end hyperconjugation emerges stripped of much of its territory but not quite abolished. Its more powerful ally, conjugation, has incidentally sustained significant losses. One cannot help but wonder how wellsome of the other concepts and explanations, here admitted readily in preference to hyperconjugstion, would hold up if subjected to a similarly devast,atine critical analvsis. Of these effects perhaps inductiv; would survive hut wo11ld inductoelectromeric?
I t is an interesting, stimulating and useful exercise occasionally to re-examine various concepts extremely critically to see how well we can do without them. I n this book, hyperconjugation suffers this test of Theories of Electrons in Molecules fire a t Professor Dewar's capable hands. William T. Simpson, University of The reader receives some warning that Washington, Seattle. Prentiee-Hall, what results is not necessarily a balanced Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, view of the problem by the author's pur183 pp. Figs. and 1962. viii pose, stated in the preface, t o "outline the tahles. I fi X 23.5 em. $6.75. present position in a moderately impartial manner." "This book is intended to fill in the gap Professor Dewar adopts the view that i t beheen what is found in quantum chemis a purely arbitrary but nevertheless very istry books and what is found in the useful description t o consider valence journals." Thus, this hook has as a preelectrons in any molecule t o be localized in requisite for its readers, a rather careful definite bonds and that this description perusal of some of the extensive quantum should be preserved so long as it gives an mechanics or quantum chemistrv texts. accurate representation of molecular propThis makes i t a text which will be quite erties. Thus the delocalimtion of elecdifficult to read for anyone but the student trons of single bonds (byperconjugetion) of quantum chemistry, and will have a relm l of p or pi elccrrons ~ ~ n i t l ~ . l t i o n )atively limited audience. For this limshould be i n r l d r d 2 s p u t of rhr vlt.crnmic ited audience, it is 8. welcome addition in desc"t,l.iw> w l v i f t l w lomlizmi h w d uic. it,s careful treatment, with great matheture fails. matical elegance, of a number of advanced All of the main lines of evidence which problems in quantum chemistry. The have been used to support hypereonjugaauthor states in the preface that the aim tion are examined and alternative exis more in the direction of rigor than in planations are offered in most cases. Varintuitive understanding. It is surprising, iations of heatsof formation, bondlengths however, after this statement, to find him and dipole moments, which have prefrequently interspersing his mathematical viously been attributed to hyperconjug* elegance with purely intuitive statements. tion, are rationalized in terms of the deThe hraeket notation used is the most pendence of these bond properties on the formal one known to this reviewer; it is hybridization state of carbon. Conjugararely found in journal articles, but, as the tion as well as hyperconjug&m is judged rtuthor points out, is used "because it is a to have a n unimportant influence on these part of the apparatus of transformation properties, "which depend on the collectheory." tive behavior of valence electrons," in The book is organized in four chapters; "classical" molecules such as 1, 3-hutaan introductory chapter on atoms, and diene or propene. separate chapters on the moleculxr orbital Although the evidence for single bond method, the valence band method, and the electron delocalization effects on physical independent systems approach. Thus, properties "which depend on the behavior the book clearly indicates that the choice of individual electrons," e.g., nuclear of topics treated depends not so much on qnadrupole resonance (NQR), nuclear their general interest, but reflects the magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron writer's own special interests. Each spin resouhnce (ESR) spectra, is admitchapter bas its awn appendix. Technitedly conclusive, in Professor Dewar's cally, the book has very high standards; view "evidence of this kind has no bearing i t is well printed and well hound. on the problem of hypercanjugstion in the ohemicsl sense." In considering evidence from chemical reactivity the Baker-Natban effect is dis-
+
232 / lournal of Chemical Education
Nouveau Trail& d e Chimie Minirole. Volume 15, part 3, Tranruranienr Paul Pascal, general editor. Masson et Cie., Paris, 1962. 1 1090 pp. Figs. and tables. 17.5 X 26 cm. BrochB, 180NF. Cartonne toile, 192 NF.
+
Uranium and uranium compounds were described in the previous parts of this volume, and this part is concerned with the trrtnsurmium elements. I t begins with an excellent introduction to the chemistry of the rsdioelements by H ~ i s sinsky, which includes information about the new elements and their atomic struotnre, radioactive transformations, nuclear reactions, physical and chemical reactions of radiations, measurements, and natural radioelements. A %-page table of radioactive isotopes concludes the introductory material. The treatment is thorough, and the summary will he a valuable addition for reference needs. The remainder of this part of the volume is divided into two sections: the uranides (neptunium, plutonium, and americium) and the curides (eurinm, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, and the last elements of the periodic system), with additional material on lawrencium, natural rttmospheric radioactivity, artificial atmospheric radioactivity, radioactive fallout, and atmospheric diffusion of fission products. Illustrations, charts, and graphs are used frequently and effectively. Literature references are numerous, and the same arrangement for these as for previous volumes has been followed by which the location of bibliography for each chapter is indicated a t the bottom of each page of text. The third part of the volume has some 1,090 pages of the more than 2,500 devoted to the entire volume. Indexing is by each individual part, and there is no cumulative index for the three. As is the case with the entire set publi~hedto this time, the indexing leaves much to be desired as to thoroughness, although it is adequate for the more general subjects. In general, few criticisms may be made, and the introductory material alone of the third part is a most valuable addition t o the literature sources available to those concerned with nuclear chemistry, a8 well as other areas concerning radioactivity and the transuranium elements. ROGERV. KRUMM University of Florida Gainesuille
Nouveau Tmiti d e Chimie Midrole. Volume 20, Allioges M&tolliquer. Part 1 Paul Pascal, general editor. Masson et 771 pp. Figs. Cie., Paris, 1962. 1 and tables. 17.5 X 26 cm. BrochB, 134 NF. CartonnB toile, 146 NF.
+
Volume 20 of the Pascal treatise is to be devoted to alloys, with division into three parts. The index will not appear until completion of part three, as it is intended to indicate there whether any particular alloy consists of a binary or (Cdinued a page AS16)
