Subscriber access provided by UNIV OF BARCELONA
Organic Electronic Devices
Organic Field-Effect Transistor Based Ultrafast, Flexible, Physiological Temperature Sensors with Hexagonal Barium Titanate Nanocrystals in Amorphous Matrix as Sensing Material. Suman Mandal, Madhuchanda Banerjee, Satyajit Roy, Ajoy Mandal, Arnab Ghosh, Biswarup Satpati, and Dipak Kumar Goswami ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19051 • Publication Date (Web): 31 Dec 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on December 31, 2018
Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts.
is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties.
Page 1 of 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Organic Field-Effect Transistor Based Ultrafast, Flexible, Physiological Temperature Sensors with Hexagonal
Barium
Titanate
Nanocrystals
in
Amorphous Matrix as Sensing Material Suman Mandal†, Madhuchanda Banerjee‡, Satyajit Roy†, Ajoy Mandal†, Arnab Ghosh†, Biswarup Satpati§ and Dipak K. Goswami†* †Organic Electronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur – 721302, India §Surface Physics and Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata – 700 064, India ‡Department of Zoology, Midnapore College (Autonomous), Midnapore – 721101, India. *Email:
[email protected] ACS Paragon Plus Environment
1
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Page 2 of 30
Abstract Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with hexagonal barium titanate nanocrystals in amorphous matrix (h-BTNC) as one of the bilayer dielectric system have been fabricated on a highly flexible 10 m thick polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The device current and mobility remains same upto a bending radius of 4mm that make it suitable for wearable e-skin applications. h-BTNC films found to be highly temperature sensitive and the OFETs designed based on this material showed ultra-precession (~4.3 mK), low power (~ 1W at 1.2 V operating voltage), ultrafast response (~24 ms) in sensing temperature over a range from 20 °C to 45 °C continuously. The sensors are highly stable around body temperature and work at various extreme conditions, such as under water, solutions of different pH as well as of various salt concentrations. These properties make this sensor very unique and highly suitable for various healthcare and other applications, where in a small variation of temperature around this temperature range is required to be measured at an ultra-fast speed.
KEYWORDS: flexible sensors, temperature sensors, organic field-effect transistors, low power OFETs, electronic skin, and healthcare sensors.
ACS Paragon Plus Environment
2
Page 3 of 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Introduction Precise and continuous monitoring of localized body temperature is important for understanding the thermal principle of homeostasis.1 Such measurements can also enable in monitoring critical health conditions, such as, sleep disorders, cardiovascular diseases, pulmonological diagnostics, and other syndromes.2,
3
Nevertheless, the occurrence of febrile
seizure involves sudden rise of infant’s body temperature by 2–3°C causing febrile convulsion that may lead to complicated health disorder like epilepsy.4,
5
Continuous monitoring of body
temperature also improves greatly the healthcare quality of newborn babies or patients in anesthesia, whose thermoregulation mechanism is unsound. It is also been reported that basal body temperature (BBT) change in woman during complete menstruation cycles is almost 0.6 – 0.7 C. Precise monitoring of BBT using a highly sensitive temperature sensor may enable us to predict more accurately the ovulation time.6,
7
Additionally, real-time temperature monitoring
opens up many other potential areas of studies, such as artificial electronic skins and reflection of emotional changes through wearable sensors.8-10 The implementation of such requirements demands a device to have highest level of temperature accuracy, milli-Kelvin (mK) precession, ultrafast responses, flexible, highly stable at body temperature, low power consumption and compatibility for wearable applications.2, 11, 12 Infrared temperature sensors are not suitable for flexible application. However, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are promising platform for developing ubiquitous sensing applications in healthcare due to their multi-parameter accessibility, ease of large-scale manufacturing, flexibility and low power consumption.13-16 The reported flexible temperature sensors are mainly either resistive or capacitive type fabricated with organic or inorganic type temperature sensitive materials and the changes in resistance or capacitance are measured to
ACS Paragon Plus Environment
3
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Page 4 of 30
sense temperature.17-22 Upconversion nanoparticles have been used to map temperature with a high spatial resolution of
