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Origins of Large Voltage Hysteresis in High-Energy-Density Metal Fluoride Lithium-Ion Battery Conversion Electrodes Linsen Li,†,∥ Ryan Jacobs,‡ Peng Gao,§,⊥ Liyang Gan,† Feng Wang,§ Dane Morgan,*,‡ and Song Jin*,† †
Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States § Sustainable Energy Technology Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States ‡
S Supporting Information *
ABSTRACT: Metal fluorides and oxides can store multiple lithium ions through conversion chemistry to enable highenergy-density lithium-ion batteries. However, their practical applications have been hindered by an unusually large voltage hysteresis between charge and discharge voltage profiles and the consequent low-energy efficiency (
