Government
OSHA's candidate list: variety of targets Chemical companies, large and small; research chemists, both in the academic community and industry; and chemistry teachers would do well to scrutinize carefully the candidate chemical list recently issued by the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (C&EN, Aug. 18, page 7). For the list contains something of interest for everyone and it is from these substances that the agency will choose the chemicals to be regulated first under its new cancer policy. Included on the list of substances are large-volume items such as aniline, ethylene oxide, perchloroethylene, epichlorohydrin, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform; drugs, such as chlorambucil and diethylstilbestrol; pesticides, such as DDT, perthane, and Kepone; as well as numerous dyes, reagent chemicals, intermediates, and the ever-listed nitrosamines and saccharin. Placement of a substance on the candidate list does not mean that it is
an occupational carcinogen; rather it means only that further scientific review is needed to determine whether it meets OSHA's definition of a potential occupational carcinogen. The generic cancer policy defines a potential occupational carcinogen as "any substance or combination or mixture of substances which cause an increased incidence of benign and/or malignant neoplasms or a substantial decrease in latency period between exposure and onset of neoplasms in humans or in one or more experimental mammalian species as the result of any oral, respiratory, or dermal exposure, or any other exposure which results in the induction of tumors at a site other than the site of administration." The definition also includes any substance which is metabolized into one or more potential occupational carcinogens by mammals. In publishing the candidate list, OSHA is seeking data from the
chemical community on studies showing whether or not a substance meets this definition. It also is seeking information that will help it to develop a priority list of chemicals to be regulated. In attempting to identify and classify the "worst first" in the most efficient way, OSHA wants to know the estimated number of workers exposed to each substance; the estimated levels of worker exposure; the substance's molecular similarity to known carcinogens; and whether or not safe substitute substances are available. Data supporting the inclusion of a substance on the candidates list can be obtained from OSHA's Docket Office, Room S6212, Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20120 or telephone (202) 523-7894. Comments on the list, which must be received by Oct. 14, should be mailed to the same address.
CANDIDATE LIST
Benzidine dihydrochloride Benzidine, 3,3'-dimethoxy- a Benzidine, 3,3'-dimethyl- a Benzimidazole, 5-nitro-1HBenzoic acid, 3-amino-2,5-dichloroBenzoic acid, hydrazide Benzophenone, 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)Benzo(a)pyrene a p-Benzoquinone dioxime 4'4 /// -Biacetanilide 3,3',4,4'-Biphenyl-tetramine tetrahydrochloride Butadiene, hexachloro Butyric acid, 2-amino-4-(ethylthio)-,Di_Butyric acid, 2-amino-4-(ethylthio)-,L-
C.I. Solvent Orange 2 C.I. Solvent Yellow 1 C.I. Solvent Yellow 3 C.I. Solvent Yellow 34 Coal tar 3 Creosote 3 Cyclohexane, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-
Acenaphthene, 5-nitroAcetamide Acetanilide, 4'-phenylAcetic acid, bromo-, ethyl ester p-Acetophenetidide, 3'-aminop-Acetophenetidide, 3'-nitroAflatoxins 3 Aldrin a Amitrole 3 Aniline Aniline, A/,A/-dimethyl-p-nitrosoAniline, A/,A/-dimethyl-p-(/?7-tolylazo)Aniline hydrochloride Aniline, A/-methyl-A/-nitrosoAniline, 4,4'-methylenebis(A/,A/-dimethylAniline, 4,4'-sulfonyldiAniline, 4,4'-thiodiAniline, 2,4,6-trichloroAniline, 2,4,6-trimethylo-Anisidine, 5-methylo-Anisidine, 5-nitroAnthraquinone, 2-aminoAramite 3 Asphalt Auramine 3
Azobenzene Benz(a)anthracene a Benz(a)anthracene, 7,12-dimethyl- a 1,3-Benzenediamine, 4-methoxy-, sulfate (1:1)
Cadmium, cadmium compounds 3 Carbamic acid, bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithio-, monopotassium salt Carbamoyl, dimethyl-, chloride Carbazole, 3-amino-9-ethyl Carbon tetrachloride 3 Chlorambucil 3 Chlordane 3 Chlorobenzilate 3 Chloroform 3 Chromium compounds, hexavalent 3 C.I. Azoicdiazo component 11 C.I. Direct Black 38, disodium salt C.I. Direct Blue 6, tetrasodium salt C.I. Direct Brown 95 C.I. Disperse Black 6, dihydrochloride C.I. Disperse Orange 11
DDT 3 Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 3 Dieldrin 3 Diepoxybutane Diethylamine, 2,2'-dichloro-A/-methyl-, hydrochloride Diethylstilbestrol 3 Dihydrosafrole 3 m-Dioxan-4-ol, 2,6-dimethyl-, acetate Dimethyl sulfate 3 Diphenylamine, 4-nitrosoDiphenylamine, A/-nitroso1,4-Dioxane 3 Epichlorohydrin 3 Ethane, 1,2-bis (chloromethoxy)Ethane, 1,2-dibromo- 3 Ethane, 1,2-dichloro- 3 Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(pchlorophenyl)Ethane, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(pethylphenyl)Ethane, hexachloro- 3 Ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro- 3 Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro- 3 Ethanol, 2-hydrazinoAug. 25, 1980 C&EN
23
Ether, bis(2-chloroethyl) a Ether, 2,4-dichlorophenyl p-nitrophenyl Ethyl methanesulfonate 3 Ethylene, bromoEthylene, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(pchlorophenyl)Ethylene oxide 3 Ethylenethiourea 3 Ethylene, tetrachloroEthylene, trichloroFluoren-9-one, 2,4,7-trinitroFluorene, 2-nitroFormaldehyde 3 2-Furaldehyde, 5-nitro-, semicarbazone Heptachlor 3 Hydrazine 3 Hydrazine, 1,1 -dimethyl- 3 Hydrazine, 1,2-dimethyl-, dihydrochloride Hydrazine, 1,2-diphenyl- 3 Hydrazine, methylHydrazine, methyl-, sulfate(1:1) Hydrazine, monohydrate Hydrazine, phenyl-, monohydrochloride Hydrazine, sulfate (1:1) Hydroxylamine, A/-nitroso-A/-phenyl-, ammonium salt lmidazole-4-carboxamide, 5-(3,3'dimethy I-1 -triazeno)lndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene a Iron dextran 3 Isophthalonitrile, tetrachloroIsosafrole Kepone
3
3-Methylcholanthrene 3 Methyl iodide 3 Methyl methanesulfonate 3 A/-Methyl-AA-nitro-A/-nitrosoguanidine3 Methylthiouracil 3 Mirex Mitomycin C
MOCA (4,4'-methylenebis(2choroaniline) 3 2,-Naphthylamine,A/,A/-bis(2-chloroethyl)a 2-Naphthylamine,A/,A/-bis(2-chloromethyl) Nitrosamines 3 /V-Nitrosodiethanolamine A/-Nitrosodiethylamine A/-Nitrosodi-A7-butylamine /V-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine A/-Nitroso-/V-ethylurea A/-Nitroso-A/-methylurea A/-Nitroso-A/-methylurethane /V-Nitrosopiperidine A/-Nitrosopyrrolidine Pentachloronitrobenzene 3 PCB's (polychlorinated biphenyls) 3 Peroxyacetic acid Phenacetin 3 Phenol, 4-amino-2-nitroPhenol, 2,4,6-trichlorom-Phenylenediamine, 4-chloroo-Phenylenediamine, 4-chloroo-Phenylenediamine dihydrochloride p-Phenylenediamine, 2-nitroPhosphoric acid, 2-chloro-1-(2,4,5trichlorophenyl)vinyl, dimethyl ester Phosphoric acid, trimethyl ester Phosphoric triamide, hexamethylPicolinic acid, 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloroPiperazine, 1,4-dinitrosoPropane,2,2-bis(p-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)phenyl)Propane, 2-nitro1,3-Propane sultone 3 Propylthiouracil 3 Pyridine, 2,6-diamino-3-(phenylazo)-, monohydrochloride
24
C&EN Aug. 25, 1980
TCDD (2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin) 3 Tellurium, tetrakis(diethyldithiocarbamato)Terphenyl, chlorinated Thiazole, 2-amino-5-nitroThioacetamide 3 Thiourea 3 p-Toluamide-A/,isopropyl-alpha-(2-methyl-hydrazino)-monohydrochloride Toluene, 2,4-diamine Toluene, 2,4-dinitro- 3 o-Toluidine o-Toluidine, 5-chloroo-Toluidine hydrochloride 3 o-Toluidine, 5-nitro- 3 p-Toluidine,a,o^of-trifluoro-2,6-dinitroΛ/,/V-dipropylToxaphene 3 Tris(2,3-dibromo-propyl)phosphate 3 Trypan Blue, commercial grade 3
Quinoline Quinoline, 8-nitro-
Uracil, 2-thioUracil Mustard 3 Urea, 3-(p-chlorophenyI)-1,1-dimethylUrea, 1,3-diethyl-2-thioUrea, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl-2-thioUrea, 1,1,3-trimethyl-2-thioUrethane 3
Resperine 3
Vinylidene chloride 3
Saccharin 3
a Listed by EPA's Carcinogen Assessment Group and ac cepted by OSHA.
Environmental disease research inventoried The federal government attacks en vironmentally induced diseases by writing another law, forming another interagency committee, or writing another report. Or so it seems. Adding to this perception is the third annual report of the task force on environmental cancer and heart and lung disease. Established under an amendment to the 1977 Clean Air Act, the task force is charged with developing federal research programs to reduce the incidence and risk of the general public and worker to these diseases. The task force is comprised of representatives from the Environ mental Protection Agency and seven arms of the Department of Health & Human Services. EPA Administrator Douglas M. Costle chairs the group, and he seems pleased with its slow, steady progress. "The task force is
Safrole 3 Selenium sulfide 3 Semicarbazide Semicarbazide monohydrochloride Semicarbazide, 1-phenyl4,4'-Stilbenediol,a',«'-diethyl-,dipropionate, (E)Strobane Succinic acid, mono (2,2dimethylhydrazide) Sulfanilamide, A/-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)Sulfuric acid, diethyl ester
effectively moving toward its objec tives and is responding to the Con gressional mandate in a meaningful and constructive way," he declares. Still, after three years of existence the group has been able to produce only a "preliminary" inventory of 115 research programs conducted by its eight members. But for the first time, the task force claims, this information is cataloged in a common format, and synthesis of it is under way. The task force intends to refine its preliminary inventory this year, and also to continue and expand its in formation-exchange programs. The interagency group over the past three years has been very diligent in com piling, synthesizing, and distributing information. Last summer it began publishing a monthly calendar of events, and last fall it released its "Directory of Federal Interagency
Groups Concerned with Environ mental Health." It now is preparing a directory identifying exposure data bases. The task force is able to develop such a directory because it keeps a close watch on various federal government data bases, banks, and systems. Among the systems being scanned are the Chemical Substances Information Network of the Interagency Toxic Substances Data Committee, and the Interagency Regulatory Liaison Group's Skills Inventory. In the upcoming year, the task force plans to further expand its in formation collection and exchange system. Working with its member agencies and other liaison groups, the task force will continue to monitor activities in risk assessment and dis ease costs and collect and coordinate statistical and epidemiological data on environmentally induced cancers and heart and lung disease.
